Therapists in Chollas View, San Diego, CA

Photo of Jessy Salloum, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jessy Salloum
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chollas View, San Diego, CA 92114
My name is Jessy Salloum, I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) with 5 years of experience providing clinical services, specializing in adult clients. Using a strengths-based approach, I work collaboratively with clients to identify their clinical goals. I'm passionate about helping others in a way that will best work for them by utilizing a personalized approach to their treatment planning. I have experience working with a variety of concerns including anxiety, depression, anger, trauma, chronic pain, caregiver stress, and adjustment/life changes.
My name is Jessy Salloum, I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) with 5 years of experience providing clinical services, specializing in adult clients. Using a strengths-based approach, I work collaboratively with clients to identify their clinical goals. I'm passionate about helping others in a way that will best work for them by utilizing a personalized approach to their treatment planning. I have experience working with a variety of concerns including anxiety, depression, anger, trauma, chronic pain, caregiver stress, and adjustment/life changes.
(619) 592-7676 View (619) 592-7676
Photo of Teresa Trias, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Teresa Trias
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Chollas View, San Diego, CA 92114
My name is Teresa Trias, and I am a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist. I offer an integrated approach in order to tailor my interventions to each unique person and circumstance. I also have specialized training in helping people make health behavior changes, learn the tools and skills needed to increase stress management, and recover from difficult and traumatic past experiences.
My name is Teresa Trias, and I am a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist. I offer an integrated approach in order to tailor my interventions to each unique person and circumstance. I also have specialized training in helping people make health behavior changes, learn the tools and skills needed to increase stress management, and recover from difficult and traumatic past experiences.
(619) 771-0248 View (619) 771-0248
Photo of Giselle Lopez, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Giselle Lopez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chollas View, San Diego, CA 92114
Hello, my name is Giselle Lopez, and I am a licensed clinical social worker with 17 years of experience. I specialize in helping clients with ADHD, Anxiety, Depression, and Grief. My passion is to help children, families, and individuals work through their challenges by teaching them new coping skills, working as a team to explore old patterns, and developing new ones to achieve a better balance in our mental health. My passion is working with children, especially those with Attention-Deficit, Hyperactivity Disorder, and working with their families who are having difficulties with relationship issues and school.
Hello, my name is Giselle Lopez, and I am a licensed clinical social worker with 17 years of experience. I specialize in helping clients with ADHD, Anxiety, Depression, and Grief. My passion is to help children, families, and individuals work through their challenges by teaching them new coping skills, working as a team to explore old patterns, and developing new ones to achieve a better balance in our mental health. My passion is working with children, especially those with Attention-Deficit, Hyperactivity Disorder, and working with their families who are having difficulties with relationship issues and school.
(619) 432-6683 View (619) 432-6683
Photo of Adriana Sanchez, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Adriana Sanchez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chollas View, San Diego, CA 92114
Hi there, I'm Adriana! My name is Adriana Sanchez, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) and Certified Hypnotherapist (CHt) based in San Diego, California and working with clients statewide via telehealth. I work with individuals 12 yrs. and older and specialize in anxiety and depression, using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Mindfulness help relieve physical and emotional symptoms. I have found that my style and approach is effective with individuals of all ages experiencing stress from a life event or the everyday pressures.
Hi there, I'm Adriana! My name is Adriana Sanchez, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) and Certified Hypnotherapist (CHt) based in San Diego, California and working with clients statewide via telehealth. I work with individuals 12 yrs. and older and specialize in anxiety and depression, using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Mindfulness help relieve physical and emotional symptoms. I have found that my style and approach is effective with individuals of all ages experiencing stress from a life event or the everyday pressures.
(858) 879-3007 View (858) 879-3007
Photo of Wing Yee Wong, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Wing Yee Wong
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Chollas View, San Diego, CA 92114
Hi there, I'm Wing Yee! You may have been feeling anxious for a while or persistently sad; you may want to correct some dysfunctional patterns in your life and improve the quality of your relationships; you may feel stuck and unable to move forward in life. Perhaps you have found yourself entangled with self-blame or even self-hatred. Whatever you have gone through in the past or what you are going through right now, you do not have to continue to suffer. You have taken the first step towards change.
Hi there, I'm Wing Yee! You may have been feeling anxious for a while or persistently sad; you may want to correct some dysfunctional patterns in your life and improve the quality of your relationships; you may feel stuck and unable to move forward in life. Perhaps you have found yourself entangled with self-blame or even self-hatred. Whatever you have gone through in the past or what you are going through right now, you do not have to continue to suffer. You have taken the first step towards change.
(619) 754-9699 View (619) 754-9699
Photo of Lynnette Sullivan, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Lynnette Sullivan
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Chollas View, San Diego, CA 92114
Lynnette Navarro Sullivan, DSW, LMFT, LPCC. Lynnette utilizes a variety of techniques including stress management, anxiety reduction, solution focused, and Cognitive behavioral therapy. She is trained in multiple evidence-based models such as Triple P parenting, Stress and Your mood, Seeking Safety, and Mothers and Babies. Lynnette is also a SafeTALK trainer, Applied Suicide Intervention Skills (ASIST) trainer, and Mental Health First Aid trainer. I utilize strength based, motivational interviewing, CBT, and solution focus approaches.
Lynnette Navarro Sullivan, DSW, LMFT, LPCC. Lynnette utilizes a variety of techniques including stress management, anxiety reduction, solution focused, and Cognitive behavioral therapy. She is trained in multiple evidence-based models such as Triple P parenting, Stress and Your mood, Seeking Safety, and Mothers and Babies. Lynnette is also a SafeTALK trainer, Applied Suicide Intervention Skills (ASIST) trainer, and Mental Health First Aid trainer. I utilize strength based, motivational interviewing, CBT, and solution focus approaches.
(619) 658-4783 View (619) 658-4783
Photo of Alexandria Ayres, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Alexandria Ayres
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Chollas View, San Diego, CA 92114
My name is Alex Ayres and I'm a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I have been licensed in California for 1 year and have 8 years of working experience in the mental health field. I have worked with clients facing a wide range of mental health diagnosis and challenges during that time including stress and anxiety, sleeping disorders, bipolar disorder, & depression. My overall style is to use gentle encouragement mixed with psycho education and person centered tailoring to meet your unique and specific needs.
My name is Alex Ayres and I'm a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I have been licensed in California for 1 year and have 8 years of working experience in the mental health field. I have worked with clients facing a wide range of mental health diagnosis and challenges during that time including stress and anxiety, sleeping disorders, bipolar disorder, & depression. My overall style is to use gentle encouragement mixed with psycho education and person centered tailoring to meet your unique and specific needs.
(619) 648-4153 View (619) 648-4153
Photo of Abigail Hermanus, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Abigail Hermanus
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Chollas View, San Diego, CA 92114
Hello! My name is Abigail Hermanus, and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist based in the Southern California region who offers services statewide via telehealth. As a therapist, my hope and passion is to foster a practice that brings hope to the community by maintaining compassion and upholding a multi-cultural posture in elevating each person's strength and narrative. Throughout my clinical experience, I have found that the modalities in which I incorporate in my sessions are applicable to children and teens (between 6-18 years of age), young adults, and individuals undergoing life transitions and relational issues.
Hello! My name is Abigail Hermanus, and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist based in the Southern California region who offers services statewide via telehealth. As a therapist, my hope and passion is to foster a practice that brings hope to the community by maintaining compassion and upholding a multi-cultural posture in elevating each person's strength and narrative. Throughout my clinical experience, I have found that the modalities in which I incorporate in my sessions are applicable to children and teens (between 6-18 years of age), young adults, and individuals undergoing life transitions and relational issues.
(619) 391-0287 View (619) 391-0287
Photo of Maria Campos De Ponce, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Maria Campos De Ponce
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Chollas View, San Diego, CA 92114
Welcome to my profile. I am a first-generation Latina American who holds a Master of Science in Marriage and Family Therapy and a Bachelor of Science in Business Management. I have been working in the behavioral health field since 2014 and am trained in a number of specialties, including Seeking Safety, Crisis-Oriented Recovery Services (CORS), Motivational Interviewing, Interpersonal Therapy, and LGBTQIA addiction treatment. During my career, I have served in various roles, such as Clinical Supervisor, Clinical Director, Lead Therapist, Executive Clinical Liaison, Therapist Mentor, BHT Supervisor, and Referral Coordinator.
Welcome to my profile. I am a first-generation Latina American who holds a Master of Science in Marriage and Family Therapy and a Bachelor of Science in Business Management. I have been working in the behavioral health field since 2014 and am trained in a number of specialties, including Seeking Safety, Crisis-Oriented Recovery Services (CORS), Motivational Interviewing, Interpersonal Therapy, and LGBTQIA addiction treatment. During my career, I have served in various roles, such as Clinical Supervisor, Clinical Director, Lead Therapist, Executive Clinical Liaison, Therapist Mentor, BHT Supervisor, and Referral Coordinator.
(858) 533-2847 View (858) 533-2847
Photo of Travis Harleston, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Travis Harleston
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Chollas View, San Diego, CA 92114
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist who specializes in individuals, couples, families, and teens.
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist who specializes in individuals, couples, families, and teens.
(619) 815-7446 View (619) 815-7446
Photo of Megan Fay Martineau, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Megan Fay Martineau
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chollas View, San Diego, CA 92114
Hi, I am Megan Martineau, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I have been working as a therapist since 2015. My approach with clients is to start where they are at and utilize clients own strengths to help them accomplish the goals they set for themselves.
Hi, I am Megan Martineau, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I have been working as a therapist since 2015. My approach with clients is to start where they are at and utilize clients own strengths to help them accomplish the goals they set for themselves.
(619) 848-3910 View (619) 848-3910
Photo of Ran Ren, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ran Ren
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chollas View, San Diego, CA 92114
My name is Rena, a licensed clinical therapist. I am a multicultural client-centered therapist fluent in English and Mandarin who has worked in the mental health field for 7 years. I have worked with adults, seniors, children, families, and veterans, and have helped people with depression, anxiety, life coaching, behavioral issues, coping skills, divorce, relationship issues, trauma, PTSD, women's issues, and more. I tailor my approach based on individual needs. My goal is to equip you with a set of tools to increase self-awareness, face difficult emotions, develop healthy relationships and make more mindful choices.
My name is Rena, a licensed clinical therapist. I am a multicultural client-centered therapist fluent in English and Mandarin who has worked in the mental health field for 7 years. I have worked with adults, seniors, children, families, and veterans, and have helped people with depression, anxiety, life coaching, behavioral issues, coping skills, divorce, relationship issues, trauma, PTSD, women's issues, and more. I tailor my approach based on individual needs. My goal is to equip you with a set of tools to increase self-awareness, face difficult emotions, develop healthy relationships and make more mindful choices.
(619) 489-6265 View (619) 489-6265
Photo of Kaylee Velo, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kaylee Velo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chollas View, San Diego, CA 92114
My name is Kaylee Velo, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in California. I have experience working with children to young adults utilizing Cognitive behavioral therapy, play therapy, person centered and solution focused therapy techniques in my practice to help my clients reach their goals. I have experience working with clients of all ages. I have experience working with clients that present with anxiety, depression, school concerns, ADHD, attachment issues, and trauma. Although, I am interested in helping clients with all kinds of concerns.
My name is Kaylee Velo, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in California. I have experience working with children to young adults utilizing Cognitive behavioral therapy, play therapy, person centered and solution focused therapy techniques in my practice to help my clients reach their goals. I have experience working with clients of all ages. I have experience working with clients that present with anxiety, depression, school concerns, ADHD, attachment issues, and trauma. Although, I am interested in helping clients with all kinds of concerns.
(619) 759-5076 View (619) 759-5076
Photo of Diane Dubow, PsyD, Psychologist
Diane Dubow
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Chollas View, San Diego, CA 92114
I am a licensed Psychologist, with over 30 years experience working with adults who are experiencing anxiety, depression, stress, loss and trauma. Working together , we will collaboratively develop a plan that meets your individual needs and empowers you to find stability and satisfaction in your life. I am experienced in using a wide variety of modalities , including CBT and Mindfulness, and we will work together to utilize what will best help you meet your goals.
I am a licensed Psychologist, with over 30 years experience working with adults who are experiencing anxiety, depression, stress, loss and trauma. Working together , we will collaboratively develop a plan that meets your individual needs and empowers you to find stability and satisfaction in your life. I am experienced in using a wide variety of modalities , including CBT and Mindfulness, and we will work together to utilize what will best help you meet your goals.
(714) 586-8854 View (714) 586-8854
Photo of Elizabeth Anaya-Olmedo, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Elizabeth Anaya-Olmedo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chollas View, San Diego, CA 92114
I’m Elizabeth Anaya-Olmedo, a licensed clinical social worker with more than 9 years of experience. I have a bachelor’s degree in human services, a bachelor’s degree in Sociology with a concentration in Social Work and Gerontology, and a master’s degree in social work from Indiana University. My goal is to touch, move and inspire all those I come in contact with. I am passionate about empowering people in all aspects of life. I help people embrace their authentic selves, develop compassion toward themselves and others, and live meaningful life through transformation and healing.
I’m Elizabeth Anaya-Olmedo, a licensed clinical social worker with more than 9 years of experience. I have a bachelor’s degree in human services, a bachelor’s degree in Sociology with a concentration in Social Work and Gerontology, and a master’s degree in social work from Indiana University. My goal is to touch, move and inspire all those I come in contact with. I am passionate about empowering people in all aspects of life. I help people embrace their authentic selves, develop compassion toward themselves and others, and live meaningful life through transformation and healing.
(619) 391-2771 View (619) 391-2771
Photo of Shurren Garlejo, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Shurren Garlejo
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Chollas View, San Diego, CA 92114
I am Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with a private practice in San Diego Ca. My goal is to create a safe space where my clients feel free to tackle difficult situations and face their fears. You will walk away feeling heard and empowered. I approach my clients on a unique basis and focus on individual trauma, attachment or relationship issues that can affect the day-to-day life cycles.
I am Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with a private practice in San Diego Ca. My goal is to create a safe space where my clients feel free to tackle difficult situations and face their fears. You will walk away feeling heard and empowered. I approach my clients on a unique basis and focus on individual trauma, attachment or relationship issues that can affect the day-to-day life cycles.
(619) 870-8610 View (619) 870-8610
Photo of Jennifer Plaistowe, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jennifer Plaistowe
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chollas View, San Diego, CA 92114
My name is Jennifer Plaistowe and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in Los Angeles. I am currently working with clients statewide via telehealth. Supporting others in their own journey toward growth, change, and healing is a privilege and passion of mine. I specialize in supporting those who are attempting to manage anxiety, navigate relationship issues, treat depression, work through trauma, and cope with various life transitions.
My name is Jennifer Plaistowe and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in Los Angeles. I am currently working with clients statewide via telehealth. Supporting others in their own journey toward growth, change, and healing is a privilege and passion of mine. I specialize in supporting those who are attempting to manage anxiety, navigate relationship issues, treat depression, work through trauma, and cope with various life transitions.
(619) 404-1981 View (619) 404-1981
Photo of Andrea Puente, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Andrea Puente
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chollas View, San Diego, CA 92114
Hi, my name is Andrea Puente, I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the state of California. I am passionate about teaching individuals the necessary tools and techniques they may need to improve your mood, reduce stress, and overcome challenges. I have experience in providing therapeutic treatment for over 7 years. I have provided mental health treatment to adults involved in the justice system and also with adults in the general public. I also have experience providing short-term, goal-oriented therapy in various settings in the medical field.
Hi, my name is Andrea Puente, I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the state of California. I am passionate about teaching individuals the necessary tools and techniques they may need to improve your mood, reduce stress, and overcome challenges. I have experience in providing therapeutic treatment for over 7 years. I have provided mental health treatment to adults involved in the justice system and also with adults in the general public. I also have experience providing short-term, goal-oriented therapy in various settings in the medical field.
(619) 943-3604 View (619) 943-3604
Photo of Maria Hester, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Maria Hester
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Chollas View, San Diego, CA 92114
Maria G. Hester, LMFT in private practice for almost 20 years. I come from a CBT and family systems approach as well as pastoral/spiritual counseling. I work well with PMADS, teens with anxiety, ADHD, and young adult relationships and career decisions. I am caring, direct and enjoy helping people achieve goals that they set. PMADS, teens with anxiety, ADHD, and young adult relationships and career decisions.
Maria G. Hester, LMFT in private practice for almost 20 years. I come from a CBT and family systems approach as well as pastoral/spiritual counseling. I work well with PMADS, teens with anxiety, ADHD, and young adult relationships and career decisions. I am caring, direct and enjoy helping people achieve goals that they set. PMADS, teens with anxiety, ADHD, and young adult relationships and career decisions.
(805) 977-5491 View (805) 977-5491
Photo of Cynthia Aiken, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Cynthia Aiken
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Chollas View, San Diego, CA 92114
Hello, my name is Cynthia Aiken, a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist with over 10 years of experience working with adolescents, adults, and families from a variety of backgrounds and cultures. My goal in therapy is to provide a safe space for you to work towards actualizing your best self. Together, you will learn to use your existing strengths and identify those you may not know exist within you to achieve your goals. I am bilingual/bicultural and fluent in Spanish.
Hello, my name is Cynthia Aiken, a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist with over 10 years of experience working with adolescents, adults, and families from a variety of backgrounds and cultures. My goal in therapy is to provide a safe space for you to work towards actualizing your best self. Together, you will learn to use your existing strengths and identify those you may not know exist within you to achieve your goals. I am bilingual/bicultural and fluent in Spanish.
(714) 386-7886 View (714) 386-7886
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Chollas View, San Diego, CA

20+

Therapists in Chollas View, San Diego, CA who prioritize treating:

95% Depression
86% Anxiety
73% Coping Skills
68% Self Esteem
68% Stress
59% Life Transitions
45% Relationship Issues

Average years in practice

7 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Aetna
100% Coventry
100% Health Net

How Therapists in Chollas View, San Diego, CA see their clients

100% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

96% Female
4% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Chollas View, San Diego?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.