Obsessive-Compulsive (OCD) Therapists in Rowland Heights, CA
![Photo of Amanda Ajmal, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/d767df21-bec6-43ee-98ba-af74eb563cd1/2/320x400.png)
My approach to therapy is to do what works for my clients. Some people need to examine their past so that they can cope and move forward. While others just need to work on what is currently happening in their lives. I can help with both.
My approach to therapy is to do what works for my clients. Some people need to examine their past so that they can cope and move forward. While others just need to work on what is currently happening in their lives. I can help with both.
![Photo of Da Nie, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/4c170721-93bd-4f0d-a203-d60b988dda49/1/320x400.jpeg)
Dealing with depression, anxiety, somatic symptoms is a dark and lonely journey; you might not be aware that you have all of the resources to heal. Feeling stuck in the uncomfortable state is miserable and overwhelmed; you're just longing for the wounded to be seen, touched, and nurtured. Being easily irritated is not what you want; you need someone to help you retrieve your inherent self-compassion capacity. As a trauma-informed therapist, I see an individuals' mental health issue both as a warning signal for the problematic system they live in and also as the starting point for the journey of systemic change.
Dealing with depression, anxiety, somatic symptoms is a dark and lonely journey; you might not be aware that you have all of the resources to heal. Feeling stuck in the uncomfortable state is miserable and overwhelmed; you're just longing for the wounded to be seen, touched, and nurtured. Being easily irritated is not what you want; you need someone to help you retrieve your inherent self-compassion capacity. As a trauma-informed therapist, I see an individuals' mental health issue both as a warning signal for the problematic system they live in and also as the starting point for the journey of systemic change.
![Photo of Gail York, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/f1356b6b-f6e2-4c12-b2c8-b43c4bdd98e9/1/320x400.jpeg)
Hello, I'm Gail York and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in Southern California & working with clients statewide doing Telehealth. I have over 27 years of experience in the field of Mental Health and Counseling. I am also a Board-Certified Diplomat in Clinical Social Work (BCD & Clinically Certified Forensic Counselor (CCFC). I see people from all walks of life, with a variety of issues. Their issues may range from stress, anxiety or depression related to everyday life, to living and dealing with severe mental illnesses such as Schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.
Hello, I'm Gail York and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in Southern California & working with clients statewide doing Telehealth. I have over 27 years of experience in the field of Mental Health and Counseling. I am also a Board-Certified Diplomat in Clinical Social Work (BCD & Clinically Certified Forensic Counselor (CCFC). I see people from all walks of life, with a variety of issues. Their issues may range from stress, anxiety or depression related to everyday life, to living and dealing with severe mental illnesses such as Schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.
![Photo of Chao-Ying Wang, PhD, PsyD, Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3c396240-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/3/320x400.jpeg)
As a psychologist and psychoanalyst I believe most of us can benefit from some treatment of psychotherapy/psychoanalysis. Human life can be challenging and our emotions turbulent and elusive. It is costly in every way to embark on a journey to self explore, but most people find the experience rewarding and invaluable.
As a psychologist and psychoanalyst I believe most of us can benefit from some treatment of psychotherapy/psychoanalysis. Human life can be challenging and our emotions turbulent and elusive. It is costly in every way to embark on a journey to self explore, but most people find the experience rewarding and invaluable.
More Therapists Nearby
![Photo of Shelby Kruse, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/f9f5b380-852b-4bdf-8051-00a42d5c4b35/2/320x400.jpeg)
Shelby Kruse
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Diamond Bar, CA 91765 (Online Only)
For the past two years, I have been in the outpatient therapy setting, specializing in the treatment of OCD, Social Anxiety Disorder, Specific Phobias, and Body-Focused Repetitive Behaviors. More recently I was trained in the treatment of Depression. Before this, I had six years of experience working within the acute care setting in which I provided clinical intervention for life-threatening illnesses, death/dying, substance abuse, traumatic injuries, suicidality and self-harm, and adjustment issues. My therapeutic style is solution-oriented, outcome-based. I also really emphasize self-compassion.
For the past two years, I have been in the outpatient therapy setting, specializing in the treatment of OCD, Social Anxiety Disorder, Specific Phobias, and Body-Focused Repetitive Behaviors. More recently I was trained in the treatment of Depression. Before this, I had six years of experience working within the acute care setting in which I provided clinical intervention for life-threatening illnesses, death/dying, substance abuse, traumatic injuries, suicidality and self-harm, and adjustment issues. My therapeutic style is solution-oriented, outcome-based. I also really emphasize self-compassion.
![Photo of Nathalie Torres, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/98d68e4a-b1cb-4c8f-a857-2507fbca943e/3/320x400.jpeg)
Nathalie Torres
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Whittier, CA 90602 (Online Only)
I have a deep passion for helping adults struggling with OCD, anxiety, phobias, panic attacks, and body-focused repetitive behaviors. Maybe you have noticed that your fears and worries have created various challenges for you. Or that there are certain behaviors that are difficult to stop. Many feel alone and stuck with what may feel like never-ending thoughts and distressing emotions. What might make it more difficult is being unable to talk about your experiences with your loved ones due to feeling embarrassed or judged, but you deserve to live a life where you no longer feel controlled by your intrusive thoughts and emotions.
I have a deep passion for helping adults struggling with OCD, anxiety, phobias, panic attacks, and body-focused repetitive behaviors. Maybe you have noticed that your fears and worries have created various challenges for you. Or that there are certain behaviors that are difficult to stop. Many feel alone and stuck with what may feel like never-ending thoughts and distressing emotions. What might make it more difficult is being unable to talk about your experiences with your loved ones due to feeling embarrassed or judged, but you deserve to live a life where you no longer feel controlled by your intrusive thoughts and emotions.
![Photo of Amber Workman, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/c03d5d70-a3f7-4aff-8ab3-e2a60c605403/1/320x400.png)
I work with adults who struggle with OCD, anxiety-related disorders, and trauma-related disorders.
Hello, I am Amber Workman, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 10 years of experience. My focus is working with individuals impacted by trauma, PTSD, OCD, Anxiety, and Bipolar Disorder. I am a Certified Clinical Anxiety Treatment Professional and trained in both cognitive and somatic approaches to providing Trauma-Informed care. I offer evidence-based practices to treat anxiety and OCD-related disorders with a combination of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP). When treating trauma-related symptoms,
I work with adults who struggle with OCD, anxiety-related disorders, and trauma-related disorders.
Hello, I am Amber Workman, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 10 years of experience. My focus is working with individuals impacted by trauma, PTSD, OCD, Anxiety, and Bipolar Disorder. I am a Certified Clinical Anxiety Treatment Professional and trained in both cognitive and somatic approaches to providing Trauma-Informed care. I offer evidence-based practices to treat anxiety and OCD-related disorders with a combination of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP). When treating trauma-related symptoms,
![Photo of Farah Zerehi, LMFT, MA, MS, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/2ca52c5e-1765-4a01-8c16-75532eda819f/2/320x400.jpeg)
Farah Zerehi
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA, MS
Verified Verified
Diamond Bar, CA 91765 (Online Only)
You feel anxious, stuck, and often made to feel out of control by your own thoughts and fears. Whether you have OCD, are struggling with perinatal or postpartum issues, are in transition, or have a history of trauma, you are tired of letting your fears and doubts run your life and relationships. You're discouraged from continuing toward your dreams. You want nothing more than to feel confident in yourself and live a life aligned with your values, but you are not sure where to start or worry about finding someone who will actually hear you. You've come to the right place, I'm here to work collaboratively with you and really listen.
You feel anxious, stuck, and often made to feel out of control by your own thoughts and fears. Whether you have OCD, are struggling with perinatal or postpartum issues, are in transition, or have a history of trauma, you are tired of letting your fears and doubts run your life and relationships. You're discouraged from continuing toward your dreams. You want nothing more than to feel confident in yourself and live a life aligned with your values, but you are not sure where to start or worry about finding someone who will actually hear you. You've come to the right place, I'm here to work collaboratively with you and really listen.
![Photo of Kevin Foss - California OCD and Anxiety Treatment Center, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/5120cb59-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
California OCD and Anxiety Treatment Center
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
Fullerton, CA 92831
I utilize evidence-based techniques to treat OCD, Specific Phobias, Hypochondria (health anxiety), Generalized Anxiety Disorder, and Panic Disorder.
OCD and anxiety symptoms don't have to ruin your life. As an anxiety specialist, I am dedicated to helping you overcome your fears, develop a better relationship with your thoughts, and build your resilience to handle obsessions without relying on compulsions. I enjoy empowering people who are tired of their anxiety-imposed limitations and want to be themselves again. CalOCD offers individual, online, group, IOP, and consultation for individuals and families. Additionally, CalOCD's staff offers a range of fees and sliding scale.
I utilize evidence-based techniques to treat OCD, Specific Phobias, Hypochondria (health anxiety), Generalized Anxiety Disorder, and Panic Disorder.
OCD and anxiety symptoms don't have to ruin your life. As an anxiety specialist, I am dedicated to helping you overcome your fears, develop a better relationship with your thoughts, and build your resilience to handle obsessions without relying on compulsions. I enjoy empowering people who are tired of their anxiety-imposed limitations and want to be themselves again. CalOCD offers individual, online, group, IOP, and consultation for individuals and families. Additionally, CalOCD's staff offers a range of fees and sliding scale.
![Photo of Alyssa Smith, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/683e0924-30ec-4f47-ab20-fc4f46bed5f0/2/320x400.jpeg)
It takes great courage to seek support when needed, and I commend you for taking this important step. My name is Alyssa Smith. I am a licensed clinical social worker who specializes in treating obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and anxiety. I typically work with teens, young adults, and adults who are struggling with daily obsessions and compulsions. With specialized training in treating OCD and anxiety disorders. I bring a wealth of expertise to our sessions. I have experience working with various themes of OCD, both in intensive treatment centers and outpatient settings.
It takes great courage to seek support when needed, and I commend you for taking this important step. My name is Alyssa Smith. I am a licensed clinical social worker who specializes in treating obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and anxiety. I typically work with teens, young adults, and adults who are struggling with daily obsessions and compulsions. With specialized training in treating OCD and anxiety disorders. I bring a wealth of expertise to our sessions. I have experience working with various themes of OCD, both in intensive treatment centers and outpatient settings.
![Photo of Susan Lee, PhD, Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/7d7522cf-5415-4428-9f4e-4fdd38f30417/1/320x400.jpeg)
I have many years of experience working with individuals from a variety of sociodemographic characteristics with a range of mental health diagnosis including but not limited to a spectrum of anxiety disorders, depression, insomnia, OCD, PTSD, as well as dual diagnoses (substance use disorder and complex mental health disorder). In our first meeting, I will conduct a clinical interview in order to get to know you better as well as gather a thorough biopsychosocial history to understand your needs. Then based on your responses, we will have a discussion as to which therapy style is most appropriate for your treatment.
I have many years of experience working with individuals from a variety of sociodemographic characteristics with a range of mental health diagnosis including but not limited to a spectrum of anxiety disorders, depression, insomnia, OCD, PTSD, as well as dual diagnoses (substance use disorder and complex mental health disorder). In our first meeting, I will conduct a clinical interview in order to get to know you better as well as gather a thorough biopsychosocial history to understand your needs. Then based on your responses, we will have a discussion as to which therapy style is most appropriate for your treatment.
![Photo of Kyung St Laurence, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/c639242a-ba4e-49b6-8cb4-d08c27013d19/1/320x400.jpeg)
I have worked with a wide range of clients from all backgrounds, with an emphasis on treating veterans and their families. I value a person-centered approach to building respectful and collaborative relationships to empower the change my clients seek through therapy. My area of particular interest is in working with individuals during life transitions, dealing with childhood trauma, OCD, ADHD, loss and grief, transgender issues, depression, anxiety, and interpersonal relationship struggles.
I have worked with a wide range of clients from all backgrounds, with an emphasis on treating veterans and their families. I value a person-centered approach to building respectful and collaborative relationships to empower the change my clients seek through therapy. My area of particular interest is in working with individuals during life transitions, dealing with childhood trauma, OCD, ADHD, loss and grief, transgender issues, depression, anxiety, and interpersonal relationship struggles.
![Photo of Wray De Anda, PsyD, Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3cb31ba1-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
I counsel individuals, couples and families, helping them to restore hope, find solutions and transform their lives. I have extensive experience working with trauma issues, from the little hurts and rejections we go through every day, to childhood abuse and neglect. I work with individuals of all ages struggling with PTSD, Depression, Anxiety, OCD, Borderline Personality Disorder and those with a history of trauma.
I counsel individuals, couples and families, helping them to restore hope, find solutions and transform their lives. I have extensive experience working with trauma issues, from the little hurts and rejections we go through every day, to childhood abuse and neglect. I work with individuals of all ages struggling with PTSD, Depression, Anxiety, OCD, Borderline Personality Disorder and those with a history of trauma.
![Photo of Sonja S. Peverieri, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/c020dbe4-2978-4628-a191-42c8484605bc/1/320x400.jpeg)
I offer Client-Centered Therapy and CBT to manage difficult feelings and manage obsessive and overwhelming thoughts.
Accepting New Clients for In-Person or Telehealth Therapy! Have you been feeling stuck? Or have you been grieving a recent loss? Are you feeling challenged in your partnership? Or maybe concerns in your attachment with your child? I specialize in providing psychotherapy to children, young adults, couples and families. There are significant challenges in which one faces in the stages of life, and I am focused in supporting you in taking the next important step in your journey through life. Through the seasons, I intend to assist you in managing feelings of depression and anxiety.
I offer Client-Centered Therapy and CBT to manage difficult feelings and manage obsessive and overwhelming thoughts.
Accepting New Clients for In-Person or Telehealth Therapy! Have you been feeling stuck? Or have you been grieving a recent loss? Are you feeling challenged in your partnership? Or maybe concerns in your attachment with your child? I specialize in providing psychotherapy to children, young adults, couples and families. There are significant challenges in which one faces in the stages of life, and I am focused in supporting you in taking the next important step in your journey through life. Through the seasons, I intend to assist you in managing feelings of depression and anxiety.
![Photo of Mija Lee, LPC](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/4b7e1742-3eaa-4226-8931-bbf6171627c2/1/320x400.jpeg)
My name is Mija Lee, a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor who is passionate about helping my clients regain inner balance and control through life’s challenges and struggles. I’ve worked with children, adolescents, adults, and families since 2017 in outpatient mental health clinics and school districts and specialize in treating anxiety, depression, PTSD, OCD, gender issues, developmental disorders including ADHD and Autism related issues, and behavioral issues in various age groups.
My name is Mija Lee, a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor who is passionate about helping my clients regain inner balance and control through life’s challenges and struggles. I’ve worked with children, adolescents, adults, and families since 2017 in outpatient mental health clinics and school districts and specialize in treating anxiety, depression, PTSD, OCD, gender issues, developmental disorders including ADHD and Autism related issues, and behavioral issues in various age groups.
![Photo of Minerva Romano Correa, MS, LMFT, LPCC, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/9e8c53f5-6225-4ef9-a3b3-7f5aa3453cfb/2/320x400.jpeg)
Minerva Romano Correa
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, LPCC
Verified Verified
Fullerton, CA 92832 (Online Only)
PTSD, OCD, Anxiety, Depression, Dysthymia, and many other diagnoses start with or are aggravated by internalized negative beliefs.
Avoid the commute and try Online therapy! I am certified in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). A very effective and helpful therapy that cuts talk time in half, and focuses on releasing present and past emotional distress. I also use the latest mindfulness techniques, among others, to provide you with a personalizad and comprehensive treatment. It is not uncommon for someone to find themselves in a state of emotional reaction, due to negative childhood experiences, life challenges, trauma or constant relationship problems. This is not only an emotional response, but a physical and spiritual one as well.
PTSD, OCD, Anxiety, Depression, Dysthymia, and many other diagnoses start with or are aggravated by internalized negative beliefs.
Avoid the commute and try Online therapy! I am certified in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). A very effective and helpful therapy that cuts talk time in half, and focuses on releasing present and past emotional distress. I also use the latest mindfulness techniques, among others, to provide you with a personalizad and comprehensive treatment. It is not uncommon for someone to find themselves in a state of emotional reaction, due to negative childhood experiences, life challenges, trauma or constant relationship problems. This is not only an emotional response, but a physical and spiritual one as well.
![Photo of Jinet Gharibian, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/eeac0d71-d491-4bec-b1d5-18a890ffcf76/1/320x400.jpeg)
I can help you and/or your loved ones with -Grief and Loss -Stress and Anxiety -Depression -Parenting Skills -Issues in Relationships -Drug and Alcohol Addiction -Marital Conflict -OCD and OCPD – sleep disorders -eating disorders – Phobias.
I provide psychotherapy to Individuals, Couples and Families. I speak fluent in English, Farsi and Armenian. I have received my bachelor’s degree in psychology from the California State University of Northridge (CSUN) and I have earned my masters in Marital and Family Therapy at Alliant International University. My work experiences enabled me to develop many new skills and expand on personal attributes.
I can help you and/or your loved ones with -Grief and Loss -Stress and Anxiety -Depression -Parenting Skills -Issues in Relationships -Drug and Alcohol Addiction -Marital Conflict -OCD and OCPD – sleep disorders -eating disorders – Phobias.
I provide psychotherapy to Individuals, Couples and Families. I speak fluent in English, Farsi and Armenian. I have received my bachelor’s degree in psychology from the California State University of Northridge (CSUN) and I have earned my masters in Marital and Family Therapy at Alliant International University. My work experiences enabled me to develop many new skills and expand on personal attributes.
![Photo of Dragana Gajic Pitargue, LCSW, MBA, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/36af7983-4ea5-4cf1-a859-e2dd2787424b/2/320x400.jpeg)
I provide therapy to teens, adults and couples. My specialties include Brainspotting, IFS (Internal Family Systems) and EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) for treatment of trauma and complex PTSD. I am a certified EMDR therapist and an EMDRIA Consultant who provides consultation for therapists seeking certification. I am trained in CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy), and DBT (Dialectical Behavioral Therapy) and I treat a variety of conditions, including complex trauma and PTSD, depression, anxiety, panic disorders, OCD, eating disorders, and addiction. I provide Christian Counsel/Guidance upon request.
I provide therapy to teens, adults and couples. My specialties include Brainspotting, IFS (Internal Family Systems) and EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) for treatment of trauma and complex PTSD. I am a certified EMDR therapist and an EMDRIA Consultant who provides consultation for therapists seeking certification. I am trained in CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy), and DBT (Dialectical Behavioral Therapy) and I treat a variety of conditions, including complex trauma and PTSD, depression, anxiety, panic disorders, OCD, eating disorders, and addiction. I provide Christian Counsel/Guidance upon request.
![Photo of Carly Stern, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/218e0a24-dc9e-496d-b804-087ed56d2179/1/320x400.jpeg)
Carly Stern
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90001 (Online Only)
I liken my approach to talking to a trusted friend with a professional edge. I am assertive and kind. The goal is to listen and provide constructive feedback that you're ready to accept. I work best with adolescents and adults. I have worked with all types of mental health diagnoses. The issues I work with on a virtual platform are related to anxiety, OCD, ADHD, Autism, relationship challenges, self-esteem, codependency, parenting, and more.
I liken my approach to talking to a trusted friend with a professional edge. I am assertive and kind. The goal is to listen and provide constructive feedback that you're ready to accept. I work best with adolescents and adults. I have worked with all types of mental health diagnoses. The issues I work with on a virtual platform are related to anxiety, OCD, ADHD, Autism, relationship challenges, self-esteem, codependency, parenting, and more.
![Photo of Alejandro Maya, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/229137b7-ebee-47ec-b8f2-04a9446502fe/2/320x400.png)
Alejandro Maya
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Fullerton, CA 92633 (Online Only)
I specialize in working with Gen Z and Millenials experiencing trauma, depression, anxiety, substance use, OCD, identity crisis, peer challenges, family difficulties, and stress brought on when two or more of these areas collide. I use EMDR, cognitive behavioral therapy, somatic approaches, expressive arts and narrative therapies to assist you in exploring and healing these issues at their root causes.
I specialize in working with Gen Z and Millenials experiencing trauma, depression, anxiety, substance use, OCD, identity crisis, peer challenges, family difficulties, and stress brought on when two or more of these areas collide. I use EMDR, cognitive behavioral therapy, somatic approaches, expressive arts and narrative therapies to assist you in exploring and healing these issues at their root causes.
See more therapy options for Rowland Heights
Nearby Obsessive-Compulsive (OCD) Therapists Searches for Rowland Heights
- Brea
- City of Industry
- Covina
- Diamond Bar
- Fullerton
- Hacienda Heights
- La Habra
- La Puente
- Placentia
- Walnut
- West Covina
- Whittier
Obsessive-Compulsive (OCD) Therapists
How long does OCD treatment take?
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is often treated on a weekly or twice-weekly schedule, depending on symptom severity and the client’s preferences. Some clients may start to see a noticeable improvement in symptoms in as little as six weeks, but it’s also possible, especially in more severe cases, for treatment to take several months to a year before significant progress is made.
What happens if OCD is not treated?
Some people with OCD, especially those with mild symptoms, may find that they are able to adapt reasonably well to life with the condition, even if their symptoms never resolve completely. However, many people, particularly those whose symptoms are severe at the outset, find that their obsessions and compulsions grow more intrusive with time, making it harder to maintain relationships, hold down a job, or navigate the world successfully.
Are there medications for OCD?
Medication can be used to treat OCD. The class of drugs most often prescribed are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, or SSRIs, which include fluvoxamine (under the brand name Luvox), fluoxetine (Prozac), and sertraline (Zoloft), among others. In cases of treatment-resistant OCD, other classes of medication, such as tricyclic antidepressants or atypical antipsychotics, may be prescribed. Medication is frequently used in conjunction with therapy.
Can OCD come back after treatment?
Yes. Major life transitions, periods of stress, or other factors can cause symptoms to return or, if they were never fully eradicated, to ramp back up in intensity. For some, these relapses are brief and do not require additional treatment; identifying specific triggers and practicing the skills learned in therapy can help speed their course. For others, returning to therapy for a brief period can help address the underlying stress and strengthen coping mechanisms.