Parent-Child Interaction (PCIT) Therapists in Porter Ranch, CA

Photo of Myrna Isela Aguirre-Bashyam, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Myrna Isela Aguirre-Bashyam
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Porter Ranch, CA 91326  (Online Only)
as well as Parent-Child Interactive Therapy for traumatized children.
Consultas disponibles en español. Are you undergoing a major life transition? A survivor of a traumatic experience? Do you find yourself worrying, irritable or just not the same anymore? You are not alone and you can heal! I offer a free fifteen-minute phone consultation where together we can explore your goals, and hopefully begin your healing journey.My name is Myrna, and I am a licensed marriage and family therapist. I currently provide counseling services to children, adolescents and adults who mostly present with trauma related symptomatology, anxiety and depression.
as well as Parent-Child Interactive Therapy for traumatized children.
Consultas disponibles en español. Are you undergoing a major life transition? A survivor of a traumatic experience? Do you find yourself worrying, irritable or just not the same anymore? You are not alone and you can heal! I offer a free fifteen-minute phone consultation where together we can explore your goals, and hopefully begin your healing journey.My name is Myrna, and I am a licensed marriage and family therapist. I currently provide counseling services to children, adolescents and adults who mostly present with trauma related symptomatology, anxiety and depression.
(818) 280-8772 View (818) 280-8772
Photo of Lauren-Tara Weinman, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Lauren-Tara Weinman
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Porter Ranch, CA 91326
I specialize in helping families heal their issues and relationships. I also work with teenage clients who are experiencing anxiety and need coping strategies. I listen carefully to my clients to understand what they are saying, not only on a conscious level, but on a subconscious level. In that way, I get a deeper understanding of what they actually want and what they need, and why.
I specialize in helping families heal their issues and relationships. I also work with teenage clients who are experiencing anxiety and need coping strategies. I listen carefully to my clients to understand what they are saying, not only on a conscious level, but on a subconscious level. In that way, I get a deeper understanding of what they actually want and what they need, and why.
(747) 281-4209 View (747) 281-4209
Photo of Angela Lovesmith, CPC, CRC
Angela Lovesmith
CPC, CRC
Verified Verified
Porter Ranch, CA 91326
If today is the day you decide "excuses only sound good to those who make them", and you just can't make them anymore; then today is the day to make big changes and I am here to help you! As a Certified Professional Life Coach, I work with clients who will dig deep and work through the underlining issues that have held them back. We will explore possibilities clearing any obstacles you may struggle with changing your "Impossible" to "Possible". I am experienced, thoughtful, patient and insightful. I can help you overcome your challenges keeping you focused and motivated.
If today is the day you decide "excuses only sound good to those who make them", and you just can't make them anymore; then today is the day to make big changes and I am here to help you! As a Certified Professional Life Coach, I work with clients who will dig deep and work through the underlining issues that have held them back. We will explore possibilities clearing any obstacles you may struggle with changing your "Impossible" to "Possible". I am experienced, thoughtful, patient and insightful. I can help you overcome your challenges keeping you focused and motivated.
(818) 514-7705 View (818) 514-7705
Photo of Alejandra Trujillo, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Alejandra Trujillo
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Porter Ranch, CA 91326
Hablo Español. Hispanic, Mexican descent. Specialty: Trauma. EMDR. Do you feel overwhelmed, not good enough, a failure, unimportant, invisible, powerless, helpless, alone, trapped, bad, like you are responsible for everything and everyone? Panic attacks? Do you often find yourself thinking: I should have done something, I have to be in control, I can’t trust my judgment, I am losing control, I'm going to die, I'm in danger? Are you upset from possible traumatic experience or had a major loss: divorce, dead, car accident, sudden death, medical trauma, etc?
Hablo Español. Hispanic, Mexican descent. Specialty: Trauma. EMDR. Do you feel overwhelmed, not good enough, a failure, unimportant, invisible, powerless, helpless, alone, trapped, bad, like you are responsible for everything and everyone? Panic attacks? Do you often find yourself thinking: I should have done something, I have to be in control, I can’t trust my judgment, I am losing control, I'm going to die, I'm in danger? Are you upset from possible traumatic experience or had a major loss: divorce, dead, car accident, sudden death, medical trauma, etc?
(818) 671-1167 View (818) 671-1167
Photo of Vicki Edwards, PsyD, Psychologist
Vicki Edwards
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Porter Ranch, CA 91326  (Online Only)
I look forward to working with you to navigate your life situation whether you are unable to move forward due to a significant loss or an anxiety provoking experience that was recent or in the past or burnout. I believe in using therapy for a defined period of time with the goal of regaining a sense of joy and purpose in life.
I look forward to working with you to navigate your life situation whether you are unable to move forward due to a significant loss or an anxiety provoking experience that was recent or in the past or burnout. I believe in using therapy for a defined period of time with the goal of regaining a sense of joy and purpose in life.
(661) 215-2764 View (661) 215-2764

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Shannon V McHugh, PsyD, Psychologist
Shannon V McHugh
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Sherman Oaks, CA 91401  (Online Only)
Parenting is hard- and watching your child struggle is even harder! I am a certified PCIT therapist and trainer and use approaches rooted in science that prioritize maintaining the relationship that parents have with their children while helping families create healthy boundaries and structure that are critical to helping a child succeed in life!.
Please note: as of 9/9/23 my Cigna contract will expire. I will no longer be paneled with any insurance- I specialize in helping families strengthen their bonds with one another, alleviating parental stress and improving children’s emotional dysregulation symptoms. Common behaviors I can help with: emotional outbursts, rigidity/inflexibility, non-compliance, aggression, tantrums, whining, fighting with siblings, low frustration tolerance, low self-esteem, anxiety, family conflict, difficulties controlling anger, and more! While I often work with parent-child dynamics, I can also provide individual support for kids and adults alike.
Parenting is hard- and watching your child struggle is even harder! I am a certified PCIT therapist and trainer and use approaches rooted in science that prioritize maintaining the relationship that parents have with their children while helping families create healthy boundaries and structure that are critical to helping a child succeed in life!.
Please note: as of 9/9/23 my Cigna contract will expire. I will no longer be paneled with any insurance- I specialize in helping families strengthen their bonds with one another, alleviating parental stress and improving children’s emotional dysregulation symptoms. Common behaviors I can help with: emotional outbursts, rigidity/inflexibility, non-compliance, aggression, tantrums, whining, fighting with siblings, low frustration tolerance, low self-esteem, anxiety, family conflict, difficulties controlling anger, and more! While I often work with parent-child dynamics, I can also provide individual support for kids and adults alike.
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Photo of Minerva Barrientos, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Minerva Barrientos
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sylmar, CA 91342  (Online Only)
I work therapeutically with children, adolescents, adults, couples, and families from diverse ethnic and cultural backgrounds in the San Fernando Valley, Santa Clarita and Los Angeles area. I am a certified therapist in PCIT, CPP, Triple P and FASD parenting and children issues. I have over ten years experience working with children exposed to trauma and history of DCFS involvement.
I work therapeutically with children, adolescents, adults, couples, and families from diverse ethnic and cultural backgrounds in the San Fernando Valley, Santa Clarita and Los Angeles area. I am a certified therapist in PCIT, CPP, Triple P and FASD parenting and children issues. I have over ten years experience working with children exposed to trauma and history of DCFS involvement.
(818) 873-2429 View (818) 873-2429
Photo of Kyrene Diaz - Uprise Psychological Wellness Corp, PsyD, Psychologist
Uprise Psychological Wellness Corp
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Newhall, CA 91321  (Online Only)
Our team has combined experience in treating children, adolescents, young adults, and adults with a variety of concerns utilizing different treatment modalities (PCIT; TF-CBT; CBT; CPP; family systems) to meet your specific needs.
Uprise Psychological Wellness is a telehealth-based therapy practice committed to providing accessible mental health services from the comfort of your own privacy and space. We enjoy helping individuals (children, families, adolescents, and adults) explore patterns impacting their relationships, finding ways to manage stressful situations, and exploring their emotions and behaviors to help make significant improvements in their lives. We provide trauma-informed care to treat a variety of clinical presentations with different age groups.
Our team has combined experience in treating children, adolescents, young adults, and adults with a variety of concerns utilizing different treatment modalities (PCIT; TF-CBT; CBT; CPP; family systems) to meet your specific needs.
Uprise Psychological Wellness is a telehealth-based therapy practice committed to providing accessible mental health services from the comfort of your own privacy and space. We enjoy helping individuals (children, families, adolescents, and adults) explore patterns impacting their relationships, finding ways to manage stressful situations, and exploring their emotions and behaviors to help make significant improvements in their lives. We provide trauma-informed care to treat a variety of clinical presentations with different age groups.
(661) 443-0388 View (661) 443-0388
Photo of Sade Christian, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sade Christian
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Sylmar, CA 91342  (Online Only)
Hi, my name is Sade Christian, I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker certified in Parent-Child Interaction Therapy. I use a holistic approach in therapy exploring the impact of systems and environment on the person and their functioning. My areas of focus are trauma, anxiety, depression, attachment, and adjustment. I believe therapy is and partnership that requires dedication and honesty. In my treatment, I utilize motivational interviewing, CBT, PCIT, and psychodynamic therapies to support my clients as appropriate.
Hi, my name is Sade Christian, I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker certified in Parent-Child Interaction Therapy. I use a holistic approach in therapy exploring the impact of systems and environment on the person and their functioning. My areas of focus are trauma, anxiety, depression, attachment, and adjustment. I believe therapy is and partnership that requires dedication and honesty. In my treatment, I utilize motivational interviewing, CBT, PCIT, and psychodynamic therapies to support my clients as appropriate.
(818) 804-4608 View (818) 804-4608
Photo of Jocelyn Clegg, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Jocelyn Clegg
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Sherman Oaks, CA 91423
Waitlist for new clients
I'm trained to provide Parent Child Interaction Therapy - an evidenced based approach to working with the parent-child dyad.
I work with my clients from a strength-based approach assisting them in finding their inner strengths, setting goals and working towards these goals in order to lived a more joyful and fulfilled life. Together we explore the obstacles that interfere with your ability to access your strength, authenticity and best self. We will work together to overcome these obstacles in a supportive environment. I also work with families struggling with the demands of raising children who can be disruptive, demanding and challenging. I work with these families on a strength based approach to bring fun, ease and joy back into the parent child relationship.
I'm trained to provide Parent Child Interaction Therapy - an evidenced based approach to working with the parent-child dyad.
I work with my clients from a strength-based approach assisting them in finding their inner strengths, setting goals and working towards these goals in order to lived a more joyful and fulfilled life. Together we explore the obstacles that interfere with your ability to access your strength, authenticity and best self. We will work together to overcome these obstacles in a supportive environment. I also work with families struggling with the demands of raising children who can be disruptive, demanding and challenging. I work with these families on a strength based approach to bring fun, ease and joy back into the parent child relationship.
(323) 992-0089 View (323) 992-0089
Photo of Sandi Meyers, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Sandi Meyers
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Santa Clarita, CA 91321
Hi I'm Sandi! I have five years of experience working with individuals of all ages (between 2-years-old and 90-years old), as well as with families, within different mental health settings. I primarily work with adolescents and young adults who have experienced trauma, depression, anxiety, and difficult life changes. I also provide Parent-Child Interactive Therapy (PCIT), to support children and caregivers with parenting challenges, strengthening parent-child relationships, and helping respond and navigate big feelings and emotions. I am passionate about supporting clients in identifying difficult patterns and achieving their goals.
Hi I'm Sandi! I have five years of experience working with individuals of all ages (between 2-years-old and 90-years old), as well as with families, within different mental health settings. I primarily work with adolescents and young adults who have experienced trauma, depression, anxiety, and difficult life changes. I also provide Parent-Child Interactive Therapy (PCIT), to support children and caregivers with parenting challenges, strengthening parent-child relationships, and helping respond and navigate big feelings and emotions. I am passionate about supporting clients in identifying difficult patterns and achieving their goals.
(661) 463-8868 View (661) 463-8868
Photo of Suri Nowosiolski, LCSW, MS SpEd, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Suri Nowosiolski
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MS SpEd
Verified Verified
Valley Village, CA 91607
I am trained in CBT, SPACE and PCIT, all well-researched for the successful treatment of anxiety and social anxiety in children and teens.
Are you feeling overwhelmed by your child's anxiety? Are you exasperated by your child's constant need for reassurance? Do you find yourself staying away from particular places or activities in order to avoid triggering your child's worries? Do you wish your child would "just relax" and enjoy being a kid? Is your child preoccupied with "what-ifs" or does he/she meltdown easily when faced with a situation they'd rather avoid? Does your child have trouble separating from you or do they avoid social situations? Are you looking for an evidence-based way to help your child? If you answered "yes" to any of these questions, I can help.
I am trained in CBT, SPACE and PCIT, all well-researched for the successful treatment of anxiety and social anxiety in children and teens.
Are you feeling overwhelmed by your child's anxiety? Are you exasperated by your child's constant need for reassurance? Do you find yourself staying away from particular places or activities in order to avoid triggering your child's worries? Do you wish your child would "just relax" and enjoy being a kid? Is your child preoccupied with "what-ifs" or does he/she meltdown easily when faced with a situation they'd rather avoid? Does your child have trouble separating from you or do they avoid social situations? Are you looking for an evidence-based way to help your child? If you answered "yes" to any of these questions, I can help.
(818) 814-9432 View (818) 814-9432
Photo of Araceli Salazar, PsyD, Psychologist
Araceli Salazar
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Calabasas, CA 91302
My specialized training in Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) allows me to use a proven method to help children's difficult or defiant behaviors.
Guided by the mission to promote health, healing and hope for individuals, children, and families, I strive to provide quality professional services within a collaborative and compassionate approach. My belief is that people heal, grow, and thrive within supportive and safe relationships. My practice succeeds because I integrate the latest research findings, implement evidence-based interventions, and work in a committed, compassionate and collaborative way with my clients. If eligible, I will incorporate a patented sound therapy protocol that significantly reduces reactivity to trauma triggers and stress symptoms.
My specialized training in Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) allows me to use a proven method to help children's difficult or defiant behaviors.
Guided by the mission to promote health, healing and hope for individuals, children, and families, I strive to provide quality professional services within a collaborative and compassionate approach. My belief is that people heal, grow, and thrive within supportive and safe relationships. My practice succeeds because I integrate the latest research findings, implement evidence-based interventions, and work in a committed, compassionate and collaborative way with my clients. If eligible, I will incorporate a patented sound therapy protocol that significantly reduces reactivity to trauma triggers and stress symptoms.
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Photo of Patricia Gaffney Ament, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Patricia Gaffney Ament
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Simi Valley, CA 93063
Reaching out to get help can feel awkward and embarrassing. It takes courage to be open and willing to explore and process personal challenges and commitment to work towards being the best version of yourself you can be. I offer a safe and confidential space to walk together on your journey of exploration and growth. We will work together to identify your therapy goals, issues or challenges that may be creating barriers to success and tailor therapy to your individual needs. I provide a relaxed, safe, and supportive environment to help you explore the challenges you are facing.
Reaching out to get help can feel awkward and embarrassing. It takes courage to be open and willing to explore and process personal challenges and commitment to work towards being the best version of yourself you can be. I offer a safe and confidential space to walk together on your journey of exploration and growth. We will work together to identify your therapy goals, issues or challenges that may be creating barriers to success and tailor therapy to your individual needs. I provide a relaxed, safe, and supportive environment to help you explore the challenges you are facing.
(951) 944-1630 View (951) 944-1630
Photo of Linda J Hayes - Linda Hayes, LCSW, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Linda Hayes, LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Encino, CA 91436
I am a licensed therapist practicing in Encino, CA. My primary focus is on individuals, couples, and children coping with depression, anxiety, relationship issues and the impact of separation or divorce. I've worked as a mediator, evaluator and expert witness for the Los Angeles Superior Court for 16 years. I have years of experience helping individuals and families going through crises. I also provide Coparenting counseling, reunification therapy, marriage and divorce counseling. I specialize in working with adolescents, empty nest issues and coping with a loved one who lives with a psychiatric disorder.
I am a licensed therapist practicing in Encino, CA. My primary focus is on individuals, couples, and children coping with depression, anxiety, relationship issues and the impact of separation or divorce. I've worked as a mediator, evaluator and expert witness for the Los Angeles Superior Court for 16 years. I have years of experience helping individuals and families going through crises. I also provide Coparenting counseling, reunification therapy, marriage and divorce counseling. I specialize in working with adolescents, empty nest issues and coping with a loved one who lives with a psychiatric disorder.
(818) 918-2305 View (818) 918-2305
Photo of Lynn Ingber - Affordable Therapy Los Angeles, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Affordable Therapy Los Angeles
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sherman Oaks, CA 91403  (Online Only)
We offer Telehealth in California on a sliding fee scale as low as $30 a session. We work with individuals, couples, children, and families. We will help you learn better communication skills for your relationships as will as help relieve any symptoms of anxiety and depression. Our therapy/counseling is confidential and you will meet your therapist online in the privacy of your own space. Visit our website at Affordabletherapyla.com and call us at 818-907-7974 Your phone call will be returned in 24 hours. No wait list and no insurance is required. We are here to help.
We offer Telehealth in California on a sliding fee scale as low as $30 a session. We work with individuals, couples, children, and families. We will help you learn better communication skills for your relationships as will as help relieve any symptoms of anxiety and depression. Our therapy/counseling is confidential and you will meet your therapist online in the privacy of your own space. Visit our website at Affordabletherapyla.com and call us at 818-907-7974 Your phone call will be returned in 24 hours. No wait list and no insurance is required. We are here to help.
(213) 465-3669 View (213) 465-3669
Photo of Rochelle Ashton-Beasley, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Rochelle Ashton-Beasley
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sylmar, CA 91342  (Online Only)
My name is Rochelle Ashton and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) based in Southern California. I have 14 years of clinical experience working in the mental health field with children, adolescents, and adults with a variety of life challenges and mental health disorders. I utilize different treatment modalities such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Solution Focused Therapy, Trauma Informed Therapy, EMDR, PCIT, and many more based on the needs of the client.
My name is Rochelle Ashton and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) based in Southern California. I have 14 years of clinical experience working in the mental health field with children, adolescents, and adults with a variety of life challenges and mental health disorders. I utilize different treatment modalities such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Solution Focused Therapy, Trauma Informed Therapy, EMDR, PCIT, and many more based on the needs of the client.
(747) 832-2981 View (747) 832-2981
Photo of Rakhee Alston, MA, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Rakhee Alston
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sherman Oaks, CA 91403  (Online Only)
The following are some of the issues I treat in my practice: depression, anxiety, grief & loss, prenatal & postnatal challenges, PTSD, ADHD, learning difficulties, behavioral issues, challenges with parenting, and parent-child conflict.
Feeling hopeless? As a bilingual therapist (English/Spanish), I work with individuals who are troubled by relationship discord, trauma, depression and loss, or anxiety. Therapy is a journey toward growth, personal fulfillment and greater understanding of ourselves and those around us. My work involves helping individuals who are dealing with life's challenging issues. I also work closely with parents to help them gain tools they need to feel confident and successful.
The following are some of the issues I treat in my practice: depression, anxiety, grief & loss, prenatal & postnatal challenges, PTSD, ADHD, learning difficulties, behavioral issues, challenges with parenting, and parent-child conflict.
Feeling hopeless? As a bilingual therapist (English/Spanish), I work with individuals who are troubled by relationship discord, trauma, depression and loss, or anxiety. Therapy is a journey toward growth, personal fulfillment and greater understanding of ourselves and those around us. My work involves helping individuals who are dealing with life's challenging issues. I also work closely with parents to help them gain tools they need to feel confident and successful.
(818) 214-8261 View (818) 214-8261
Photo of Wendy R Mejia, ACSW
Wendy R Mejia
Associate Clinical Social Worker, ACSW
Verified Verified
Santa Clarita, CA 91321
As a first generation Latina woman, I believe in breaking down the cultural barriers and stigma involved with underserved populations receiving mental health services. Most people who come to me are ready to combat their challenges. I come with several years working in social services from non-profit, community mental health and private setting. I take a holistic approach and consider various environmental stressors that can impact our emotional health including: trauma, substance use, attachment/loss, chronic illness, housing stability, life phases, parenting, employment, etc.
As a first generation Latina woman, I believe in breaking down the cultural barriers and stigma involved with underserved populations receiving mental health services. Most people who come to me are ready to combat their challenges. I come with several years working in social services from non-profit, community mental health and private setting. I take a holistic approach and consider various environmental stressors that can impact our emotional health including: trauma, substance use, attachment/loss, chronic illness, housing stability, life phases, parenting, employment, etc.
(661) 766-0526 View (661) 766-0526
Photo of Hector Barajas, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Hector Barajas
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Northridge, CA 91324  (Online Only)
I utilize evidence-based therapies including MAP, Seeking Safety, PCIT, and IPT.
My name is Hector Barajas, and I am a bilingual (Spanish) Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist who is passionate about helping children, adolescents and families meet their full potential. I work with children and teens who are struggling with emotional dysregulation, defiance, anger, depression and social-emotional challenges.
I utilize evidence-based therapies including MAP, Seeking Safety, PCIT, and IPT.
My name is Hector Barajas, and I am a bilingual (Spanish) Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist who is passionate about helping children, adolescents and families meet their full potential. I work with children and teens who are struggling with emotional dysregulation, defiance, anger, depression and social-emotional challenges.
(661) 766-5753 View (661) 766-5753

See more therapy options for Porter Ranch

Parent-Child Interaction (PCIT) Therapists

Does parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT) work?

PCIT is an evidence-based treatment that has been shown to be effective across domains, including for children with behavioral problems, those on the autism spectrum, and those who have experienced early childhood trauma. Further, studies have found that the skills developed through PCIT benefit not only the child in therapy but also siblings, as the parent internalizes lessons learned in sessions and is able to incorporate them into interactions with other family members.

How long does PCIT last?

The duration of treatment depends on the specific challenges clients face. Sessions are typically 60 to 90 minutes long, and treatment lasts, on average, between 12 and 20 sessions. Factors that influence treatment duration include how regularly a client attends treatment, how much progress is achieved between sessions, the particular skills that need development, and the extent to which the parent and therapist see improvement.

Can PCIT be done online?

PCIT is among the therapy types best suited for video sessions. Therapists are able to communicate with parents with essentially the same ease, and by observing the parent and child at home in their normal environment, the therapist may gain additional insight into their interactions, as the child will have their normal toys and may feel more comfortable and act more naturally than they would in a therapist’s room.

Does PCIT help parents?

In addition to the skills parents develop through the treatment, PCIT has also been shown to reduce frustration, stress, and depression in parents and promote confidence and a sense of calm when dealing with their children. The desired outcomes of PCIT include a reduction in defiant and aggressive behavior by children and an improvement in communicating their feelings productively, complying with parental instruction, and behaving according to parents’ rules. Growth in these areas can be a relief for parents.