Relationship Issues Therapists in Orinda, CA

Photo of Ryan Kellett Crochiere - Ryan Crochiere, LMFT, MA, BA, Marriage & Family Therapist
Ryan Crochiere
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA, BA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Orinda, CA 94563
The most important journey you may make in your life is the journey of building an honest and compassionate relationship with yourself. From shame, pride, trauma, and introjected "shoulds" there are so many reasons that we often operate from a partial and compassionless understanding of ourselves. These blind spots can cause us anxiety, depression, addictions and a multitude of other symptoms that we mistake to be "who we are". I have faith in the human condition and the ability our heal into our own fullness. Therapy is the place to make this journey.
The most important journey you may make in your life is the journey of building an honest and compassionate relationship with yourself. From shame, pride, trauma, and introjected "shoulds" there are so many reasons that we often operate from a partial and compassionless understanding of ourselves. These blind spots can cause us anxiety, depression, addictions and a multitude of other symptoms that we mistake to be "who we are". I have faith in the human condition and the ability our heal into our own fullness. Therapy is the place to make this journey.
(415) 630-5506 View (415) 630-5506
Photo of Margie Ryerson, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Margie Ryerson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
Orinda, CA 94563  (Online Only)
I'm the author of three books that all provide specific tools, guidance, and case examples (with all identifying information changed): Family Focus: A Therapist's Tips for Happier Families, Treat Your Partner Like a Dog: How to Breed a Better Relationship, and Appetite for Life: Inspiring Stories of Recovery from Anorexia, Bulimia and Compulsive Overeating.
My orientation is cognitive and behavioral (CBT). I'm a caring compassionate listener and also actively engage with clients to elicit thoughts, feelings, and strategies for healing. My specialties include eating disorders, depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, couples, family issues, parenting, and teens. My therapy approach is directive and problem-solving while encouraging self-acceptance and compassion. I believe that everyone is capable of change at their own rate and comfort level. I help my clients eliminate self-critical thinking that too often sabotages their happiness and their relationships.
I'm the author of three books that all provide specific tools, guidance, and case examples (with all identifying information changed): Family Focus: A Therapist's Tips for Happier Families, Treat Your Partner Like a Dog: How to Breed a Better Relationship, and Appetite for Life: Inspiring Stories of Recovery from Anorexia, Bulimia and Compulsive Overeating.
My orientation is cognitive and behavioral (CBT). I'm a caring compassionate listener and also actively engage with clients to elicit thoughts, feelings, and strategies for healing. My specialties include eating disorders, depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, couples, family issues, parenting, and teens. My therapy approach is directive and problem-solving while encouraging self-acceptance and compassion. I believe that everyone is capable of change at their own rate and comfort level. I help my clients eliminate self-critical thinking that too often sabotages their happiness and their relationships.
(925) 392-3516 View (925) 392-3516
Photo of Marcia Brandwynne, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Marcia Brandwynne
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Orinda, CA 94563
Couples therapy is my special focus and therapy with a coach approach is my style. Couples often come to therapy saying they can't communicate, but lack of communication is only the symptom of a deeper conflict. As couples brings their needs to a relationship, sometimes those needs conflict in very profound ways. Once they become a burden for the couple, and each starts blaming the other, communication problems crop up. To discover unfulfilled expectations of our own and to understand those of our partners is the work done in couples therapy. That exploration will help rebuild a love that is rooted in reality.
Couples therapy is my special focus and therapy with a coach approach is my style. Couples often come to therapy saying they can't communicate, but lack of communication is only the symptom of a deeper conflict. As couples brings their needs to a relationship, sometimes those needs conflict in very profound ways. Once they become a burden for the couple, and each starts blaming the other, communication problems crop up. To discover unfulfilled expectations of our own and to understand those of our partners is the work done in couples therapy. That exploration will help rebuild a love that is rooted in reality.
(323) 275-9532 View (323) 275-9532
Photo of Ciele Jupe, PhD, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Ciele Jupe
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
Orinda, CA 94563
If you are having difficulty in your marriage or relationship and want to address the root causes of these problems, I have more than thirty five years experience. If you have attempted to work on your relationship before, and want to restore trust, intimacy and vitality, and you have the desire to save the relationship you have invested in, I have a variety of approaches with which I can help. Many couples who have joined in this quest, have succeeded beyond their expectations. If you are an individual who desires a more fulfilling life, I can also help.
If you are having difficulty in your marriage or relationship and want to address the root causes of these problems, I have more than thirty five years experience. If you have attempted to work on your relationship before, and want to restore trust, intimacy and vitality, and you have the desire to save the relationship you have invested in, I have a variety of approaches with which I can help. Many couples who have joined in this quest, have succeeded beyond their expectations. If you are an individual who desires a more fulfilling life, I can also help.
(925) 254-9020 View (925) 254-9020
Photo of Sf Bay Play Therapy By Karen Wolfe Lmft, MA, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Sf Bay Play Therapy By Karen Wolfe Lmft
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Orinda, CA 94563
Our style is warm and inviting, as the relationship is the most important aspect of therapy.
We are a group of Marriage and Family Therapists with locations in San Francisco, Oakland, and Orinda. We offer child and family play therapy, Hand in Hand Parenting coaching, individual and couples therapy, Brainspotting and trainings. Whether you are a child, parent, or teacher, we want to empower you to connect deeply with yourself and to help you create meaningful and satisfying relationships. Through the tools of play therapy, hand in hand parenting coaching, and relational psychotherapy we help children and adults reflect, build stronger bonds, and find the inner resources to create the family life you are longing for.
Our style is warm and inviting, as the relationship is the most important aspect of therapy.
We are a group of Marriage and Family Therapists with locations in San Francisco, Oakland, and Orinda. We offer child and family play therapy, Hand in Hand Parenting coaching, individual and couples therapy, Brainspotting and trainings. Whether you are a child, parent, or teacher, we want to empower you to connect deeply with yourself and to help you create meaningful and satisfying relationships. Through the tools of play therapy, hand in hand parenting coaching, and relational psychotherapy we help children and adults reflect, build stronger bonds, and find the inner resources to create the family life you are longing for.
(415) 692-7910 View (415) 692-7910
Photo of Jeff Cohen, MA, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Jeff Cohen
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Orinda, CA 94563
I also place great importance on creating a good therapeutic relationship, and providing an environment where you feel safe to freely and creatively explore your inner world.
My intent is to help you deal with problems you're facing and lead a more fulfilling life. I have a strong track record of helping people overcome difficulty, struggle and confusion in their lives. I'll work to help you discover a new way of experiencing yourself in the world. I use an integrative mind/body approach to psychotherapy in facilitating change toward contentment and vitality. I work with couples and individuals around issues of intimacy, self-worth, life transition, purpose and spiritual inquiry. My style is collaborative, engaged and supportive.
I also place great importance on creating a good therapeutic relationship, and providing an environment where you feel safe to freely and creatively explore your inner world.
My intent is to help you deal with problems you're facing and lead a more fulfilling life. I have a strong track record of helping people overcome difficulty, struggle and confusion in their lives. I'll work to help you discover a new way of experiencing yourself in the world. I use an integrative mind/body approach to psychotherapy in facilitating change toward contentment and vitality. I work with couples and individuals around issues of intimacy, self-worth, life transition, purpose and spiritual inquiry. My style is collaborative, engaged and supportive.
(510) 548-4950 View (510) 548-4950
Photo of John Jakubowski, AMFT, APCC, EMDR, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
John Jakubowski
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT, APCC, EMDR
Verified Verified
Orinda, CA 94563
Things are really hard right now - it is more important than ever to have support. That looks different for everyone, but whether it's parenting, relationship, work, family - or all of the above, create some space and a plan to walk through it - together. It is a journey of insight, compassion, respect, honesty, integrity and courage.
Things are really hard right now - it is more important than ever to have support. That looks different for everyone, but whether it's parenting, relationship, work, family - or all of the above, create some space and a plan to walk through it - together. It is a journey of insight, compassion, respect, honesty, integrity and courage.
(510) 726-1326 View (510) 726-1326
Photo of Mitch Houston, PhD, Psychologist
Mitch Houston
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Orinda, CA 94563  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist working in both Hospital and Private Practice settings since 1987. I specialize in Anxiety and Mood Disorders as well as relationship and interpersonal issues. I have been working with individual adults and couples in Psychotherapy for over 30 years. I am very interested in helping individuals adapt to and solve conflicts related to major life transitions, relationships and work related problems.
I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist working in both Hospital and Private Practice settings since 1987. I specialize in Anxiety and Mood Disorders as well as relationship and interpersonal issues. I have been working with individual adults and couples in Psychotherapy for over 30 years. I am very interested in helping individuals adapt to and solve conflicts related to major life transitions, relationships and work related problems.
(925) 962-5762 View (925) 962-5762
Photo of Kelly L Ravenel-Mueller, MA, MFT, CBT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Kelly L Ravenel-Mueller
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT, CBT
Verified Verified
Orinda, CA 94563
If you find yourself struggling in life to feel whole, happy, at ease with yourself and being in the world, or feel frustrated with a lack of intimacy in your relationships, I can help you. It is important when searching for a therapist that you feel an honest connection. I give a free 30-minute consultation to help you decide if working with me is a match. I have trained in trauma recovery, somatic work, psychodynamic, cognitive, mindfulness, bioenergetic analysis. My focus has been working with individuals around healing from PTSD, anxiety, eating disorders, bi-polar, and marital relationship issues.
If you find yourself struggling in life to feel whole, happy, at ease with yourself and being in the world, or feel frustrated with a lack of intimacy in your relationships, I can help you. It is important when searching for a therapist that you feel an honest connection. I give a free 30-minute consultation to help you decide if working with me is a match. I have trained in trauma recovery, somatic work, psychodynamic, cognitive, mindfulness, bioenergetic analysis. My focus has been working with individuals around healing from PTSD, anxiety, eating disorders, bi-polar, and marital relationship issues.
(510) 851-8869 View (510) 851-8869
Photo of Nicole Kangas, PhD, MA, LMFT, JD, Marriage & Family Therapist
Nicole Kangas
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, MA, LMFT, JD
Verified Verified
Orinda, CA 94563
*VIDEO/PHONE SESSIONS AVAILABLE* Do you find yourself facing difficult or unexpected struggles? Responding to life's challenges can be hard and can result in stress and unwanted feelings or symptoms. I am here to help you gain the strength, confidence, and clarity needed to tackle life’s obstacles and to feel well. I work with individuals from adolescence through adulthood who are dealing with a range of issues including stress, anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, life transitions, relationship and parenting concerns, grief and loss, trauma recovery, and more. I also help couples work through problems and strengthen their bond.
*VIDEO/PHONE SESSIONS AVAILABLE* Do you find yourself facing difficult or unexpected struggles? Responding to life's challenges can be hard and can result in stress and unwanted feelings or symptoms. I am here to help you gain the strength, confidence, and clarity needed to tackle life’s obstacles and to feel well. I work with individuals from adolescence through adulthood who are dealing with a range of issues including stress, anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, life transitions, relationship and parenting concerns, grief and loss, trauma recovery, and more. I also help couples work through problems and strengthen their bond.
(925) 660-7363 View (925) 660-7363
Photo of Mark Sullivan, PhD, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Mark Sullivan
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, MFT
Verified Verified
Orinda, CA 94563
I work with adults struggling with a range of difficulties from relationship issues, problems at work, school behavior, addictions, sexuality, anxiety, depression, trauma, loss, aging, and illness.
Successful psychotherapy is a partnership based on trust. People do change, becoming more truly themselves when they find the right, trained therapist and are able to talk freely. I listen to you with respect and you develop greater self awareness. This enables you to communicate more clearly, to reflect on difficult issues, and to let go of outmoded behaviors that do not further your deeper needs.
I work with adults struggling with a range of difficulties from relationship issues, problems at work, school behavior, addictions, sexuality, anxiety, depression, trauma, loss, aging, and illness.
Successful psychotherapy is a partnership based on trust. People do change, becoming more truly themselves when they find the right, trained therapist and are able to talk freely. I listen to you with respect and you develop greater self awareness. This enables you to communicate more clearly, to reflect on difficult issues, and to let go of outmoded behaviors that do not further your deeper needs.
(510) 756-2113 View (510) 756-2113
Photo of J Aaron Foster, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
J Aaron Foster
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Orinda, CA 94563  (Online Only)
My philosophy is based on our relationship.
My focus in therapy revolves around relationships and support. The most important relationship I speak of is our relationship with ourselves. To be truly whole we benefit from a well developed relationship with ourselves to then be able to have good relationships with others. This comes from learning and honoring our strengths and our limitations. In fact, one's limitations can grow into strengths when addressed from a position of self-care
My philosophy is based on our relationship.
My focus in therapy revolves around relationships and support. The most important relationship I speak of is our relationship with ourselves. To be truly whole we benefit from a well developed relationship with ourselves to then be able to have good relationships with others. This comes from learning and honoring our strengths and our limitations. In fact, one's limitations can grow into strengths when addressed from a position of self-care
(510) 930-1807 View (510) 930-1807
Photo of Judy Bensinger Haynes, MEd, MA, LMFT , #114669, Marriage & Family Therapist
Judy Bensinger Haynes
Marriage & Family Therapist, MEd, MA, LMFT , #114669
Verified Verified
Orinda, CA 94563
My approach is fluid, respectful; integrative, relationship-based, mindful, attachment-based and family-based.
JBHtherapy.com These days there are times when we need someone to talk to. For the past forty years I have embraced individuals who have experienced shame, anxiety, social anxiety, depression and stress. Individuals and families served have had questions and concerns related to caring for family members with special needs and adoptions. My approach is optimistic, empathic and enhances attachments and relationships. My wish is to lessen stress and provide advocacy. Whether your journey is individual, infant-child related or a family dream; I will work to support you and your loved ones in a warm and engaging therapeutic relationship.
My approach is fluid, respectful; integrative, relationship-based, mindful, attachment-based and family-based.
JBHtherapy.com These days there are times when we need someone to talk to. For the past forty years I have embraced individuals who have experienced shame, anxiety, social anxiety, depression and stress. Individuals and families served have had questions and concerns related to caring for family members with special needs and adoptions. My approach is optimistic, empathic and enhances attachments and relationships. My wish is to lessen stress and provide advocacy. Whether your journey is individual, infant-child related or a family dream; I will work to support you and your loved ones in a warm and engaging therapeutic relationship.
(925) 357-9994 View (925) 357-9994
Photo of Tara Rech, PhD, Psychologist
Tara Rech
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Orinda, CA 94563
The kinds of issues I typically work with include relationship problems, depression, anxiety, creative blocks, personality disorders, grief and loss, life transitions, career issues, trauma, abuse, and problems related to sexuality.
Therapy can help you overcome difficulties, live creatively, and feel more alive. Many people become stuck in ways of thinking and living that no longer serve them. Through a caring therapeutic relationship, you can develop the courage to live in a meaningful and fulfilling way. Over the past 25 years, I have helped people with a wide variety of issues work through significant challenges, freeing them to make better choices. In addition to my clinical work, I teach and supervise at various training programs throughout the Bay Area, and was the Director of Counseling at California College of the Arts for 15 years.
The kinds of issues I typically work with include relationship problems, depression, anxiety, creative blocks, personality disorders, grief and loss, life transitions, career issues, trauma, abuse, and problems related to sexuality.
Therapy can help you overcome difficulties, live creatively, and feel more alive. Many people become stuck in ways of thinking and living that no longer serve them. Through a caring therapeutic relationship, you can develop the courage to live in a meaningful and fulfilling way. Over the past 25 years, I have helped people with a wide variety of issues work through significant challenges, freeing them to make better choices. In addition to my clinical work, I teach and supervise at various training programs throughout the Bay Area, and was the Director of Counseling at California College of the Arts for 15 years.
(510) 470-7909 View (510) 470-7909
Photo of Linda Michels, MA, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Linda Michels
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
Orinda, CA 94563
) Much stress at work and home is due to difficult relationship challenges.
I think you know what would make you happy but don't know how to make it happen. This applies to both individuals and couples. People stop themselves from moving forward because they think they can't or don't deserve to get their own needs met. I can help you overcome blocks, fears, guilt, depression, and/or self-defeating behaviors so you can free yourself to be happy and more successful. It seems daunting but, with support and direction, it is possible to improve your life. This is even true for people who are suffering from more debilitating problems such as Bipolar Disorder, OCD,or Schizoaffective Disorders.
) Much stress at work and home is due to difficult relationship challenges.
I think you know what would make you happy but don't know how to make it happen. This applies to both individuals and couples. People stop themselves from moving forward because they think they can't or don't deserve to get their own needs met. I can help you overcome blocks, fears, guilt, depression, and/or self-defeating behaviors so you can free yourself to be happy and more successful. It seems daunting but, with support and direction, it is possible to improve your life. This is even true for people who are suffering from more debilitating problems such as Bipolar Disorder, OCD,or Schizoaffective Disorders.
(415) 800-3916 View (415) 800-3916
Photo of Susan Overhauser, PhD, Psychologist
Susan Overhauser
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Orinda, CA 94563
Waitlist for new clients
Special populations include abuse and rape survivors, adopted individuals, trauma survivors in relationship, and multicultural couples.
Do you wish for greater success, self-acceptance, love and connection? Do you desire to live your life more authentically? Difficult life histories and current obstacles hinder us from becoming who we want to be. With my help, past events and unfruitful ways of being can be processed and transformed so that they no longer impact your present or future. Modalities such as EMDR, psychodynamic therapy, emotionally focused therapy and sensorimotor psychotherapy will help you discover and embody a new way of being. I am fiercely committed to helping you clear your path forward to embrace greater ease, integrity, belonging, and love.
Special populations include abuse and rape survivors, adopted individuals, trauma survivors in relationship, and multicultural couples.
Do you wish for greater success, self-acceptance, love and connection? Do you desire to live your life more authentically? Difficult life histories and current obstacles hinder us from becoming who we want to be. With my help, past events and unfruitful ways of being can be processed and transformed so that they no longer impact your present or future. Modalities such as EMDR, psychodynamic therapy, emotionally focused therapy and sensorimotor psychotherapy will help you discover and embody a new way of being. I am fiercely committed to helping you clear your path forward to embrace greater ease, integrity, belonging, and love.
(925) 392-6507 View (925) 392-6507
Photo of Noah Oderberg, PhD, Psychologist
Noah Oderberg
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Orinda, CA 94563
I also specialize in Relationship & Marital Therapy.
Are you struggling with depression, low self-confidence, or anxiety? Are you having difficulties in your relationships or at work? Are you finding it hard to cope with a loss, life transition, or illness? I have brought warmth, knowledge, and compassion to my work with individuals & couples for over 30 years as a Psychologist. My approach to psychotherapy is to create a safe environment through listening and empathy that will enable you to talk about patterns in your life that are causing you distress. My goal is to help you achieve greater life satisfaction, healthier relationships & new sources of self worth.
I also specialize in Relationship & Marital Therapy.
Are you struggling with depression, low self-confidence, or anxiety? Are you having difficulties in your relationships or at work? Are you finding it hard to cope with a loss, life transition, or illness? I have brought warmth, knowledge, and compassion to my work with individuals & couples for over 30 years as a Psychologist. My approach to psychotherapy is to create a safe environment through listening and empathy that will enable you to talk about patterns in your life that are causing you distress. My goal is to help you achieve greater life satisfaction, healthier relationships & new sources of self worth.
(510) 404-8846 View (510) 404-8846
Photo of Melissa Rapp, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Melissa Rapp
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
Orinda, CA 94563
I work with individuals and couples to help reduce struggles and find ways to live more fulfilling, gratifying lives. Our relationship is the context in which we work to find where you're stuck, what's getting in your way, and ways to do things differently. My specialty areas include grief and loss, adoption, ADHD, race/class issues, work/life balance, LGBTQ issues, and divorce. I help people manage anxiety and mood problems. I help couples with concerns related to parenting, managing conflict, and addressing needs and expectations. I see communication as the grease that keeps relationships running smoothly, and I help facilitate good communication.
I work with individuals and couples to help reduce struggles and find ways to live more fulfilling, gratifying lives. Our relationship is the context in which we work to find where you're stuck, what's getting in your way, and ways to do things differently. My specialty areas include grief and loss, adoption, ADHD, race/class issues, work/life balance, LGBTQ issues, and divorce. I help people manage anxiety and mood problems. I help couples with concerns related to parenting, managing conflict, and addressing needs and expectations. I see communication as the grease that keeps relationships running smoothly, and I help facilitate good communication.
(510) 822-7911 View (510) 822-7911
Photo of Alison Trules, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Alison Trules
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Orinda, CA 94563
As we build a safe and comfortable relationship, I will help you understand the source of your pain while we work towards the goal of you having a greater capacity to enjoy life and cope with its challenges.
If you are seeking deep personal change or going through a life transition, it may feel difficult to make choices. If you are experiencing conflict or suffering and know that something needs to change, psychotherapy will provide a structure where you can identify patterns that have previously led to unhappiness or frustration. I will help you develop new ways of understanding yourself and relating to others in your life. I am a warm, experienced and compassionate psychotherapist that will help guide you through this process of change so that you can be your most authentic self and live your life with increased comfort and meaning.
As we build a safe and comfortable relationship, I will help you understand the source of your pain while we work towards the goal of you having a greater capacity to enjoy life and cope with its challenges.
If you are seeking deep personal change or going through a life transition, it may feel difficult to make choices. If you are experiencing conflict or suffering and know that something needs to change, psychotherapy will provide a structure where you can identify patterns that have previously led to unhappiness or frustration. I will help you develop new ways of understanding yourself and relating to others in your life. I am a warm, experienced and compassionate psychotherapist that will help guide you through this process of change so that you can be your most authentic self and live your life with increased comfort and meaning.
(510) 417-3442 View (510) 417-3442
Photo of Daniel A. Linder, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Daniel A. Linder
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Orinda, CA 94563
The most common cause of relationship breakdown is the backlog of unexpressed feeling and unresolved issues that fail to get the air time they need.
I work with people in the context of their relationships. All the problems, struggles and pains that drive people to seek therapy are sourced in their relationships. Non-nourishing relationships are the spawning ground for them, while nourishing ones make them go away, fade into the background, lessen their load, to the point of no longer needing therapy. All of the work I do is about empowering the transformation of relationships by developing the relationship with your Self. My work is tailored for those with unquenchable thirst for connection, for their relationships to work better and derive more nourishment from them, and those
The most common cause of relationship breakdown is the backlog of unexpressed feeling and unresolved issues that fail to get the air time they need.
I work with people in the context of their relationships. All the problems, struggles and pains that drive people to seek therapy are sourced in their relationships. Non-nourishing relationships are the spawning ground for them, while nourishing ones make them go away, fade into the background, lessen their load, to the point of no longer needing therapy. All of the work I do is about empowering the transformation of relationships by developing the relationship with your Self. My work is tailored for those with unquenchable thirst for connection, for their relationships to work better and derive more nourishment from them, and those
(415) 800-3854 View (415) 800-3854
Relationship Issues Therapists
While need for human connection appears to be innate, the ability to form healthy, loving relationships is learned. Some evidence suggests that the ability to form a stable relationship starts to form in infancy, in a child's earliest experiences with a caregiver who reliably meets the infant's needs for food, care, warmth, protection, stimulation, and social contact. Such relationships are not destiny, but they are theorized to establish deeply ingrained patterns of relating to others. The end of a relationship, however, is often a source of great psychological anguish.