Therapists in Rockridge, Oakland, CA

Photo of Eva Klein, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Eva Klein
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Rockridge, Oakland, CA 94618
In my practice, I see children, adolescents and adults who are seeking help for a variety of reasons. Common areas of need include depression, anxiety, trauma, grief and relationship difficulties. With children, these concerns may express themselves through externalizing behaviors at school and/or at home. I offer an open, non-judgmental, and safe therapeutic relationship. My approach is adapted carefully to individual needs and is inclusive in regard to gender identity, ethnicity, sexual orientation, culture, class, and religious/spiritual orientation. I work with many LGBTQ+ individuals in my practice.
In my practice, I see children, adolescents and adults who are seeking help for a variety of reasons. Common areas of need include depression, anxiety, trauma, grief and relationship difficulties. With children, these concerns may express themselves through externalizing behaviors at school and/or at home. I offer an open, non-judgmental, and safe therapeutic relationship. My approach is adapted carefully to individual needs and is inclusive in regard to gender identity, ethnicity, sexual orientation, culture, class, and religious/spiritual orientation. I work with many LGBTQ+ individuals in my practice.
(510) 640-8279 View (510) 640-8279
Photo of William (Wiley) Rogers, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
William (Wiley) Rogers
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Rockridge, Oakland, CA 94618
Based in Oakland and Lafayette, I am a licensed therapist offering comprehensive support to individuals across various age groups, with a primary focus on teenagers and adults. My approach is integrative, drawing from Narrative Therapy, Relational Therapy, and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to address a variety of concerns, including anxiety, depression, ADHD, relational issues, and trauma.
Based in Oakland and Lafayette, I am a licensed therapist offering comprehensive support to individuals across various age groups, with a primary focus on teenagers and adults. My approach is integrative, drawing from Narrative Therapy, Relational Therapy, and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to address a variety of concerns, including anxiety, depression, ADHD, relational issues, and trauma.
(925) 430-7579 View (925) 430-7579
Photo of Sara Lesser, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sara Lesser
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Rockridge, Oakland, CA 94618
If you are struggling with difficult feelings or situations I might be able to help. I enjoy connecting with clients and getting to know the uniqueness of each person I work with. I can help you make sense of your life experiences and together we can find new ways for you to be able to cope better and feel more fulfilled in your life. I really enjoy helping people to thrive and become more authentically themselves. My style is collaborative, genuine and interactive. I believe humor can be an important part of getting through difficult times.
If you are struggling with difficult feelings or situations I might be able to help. I enjoy connecting with clients and getting to know the uniqueness of each person I work with. I can help you make sense of your life experiences and together we can find new ways for you to be able to cope better and feel more fulfilled in your life. I really enjoy helping people to thrive and become more authentically themselves. My style is collaborative, genuine and interactive. I believe humor can be an important part of getting through difficult times.
(510) 878-4008 View (510) 878-4008
Photo of Megan Ellis Van Vlack, LMFT, LPCC, Marriage & Family Therapist
Megan Ellis Van Vlack
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LPCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Rockridge, Oakland, CA 94618
The decision to begin psychotherapy can come about for a variety of reasons. This may be your first time in therapy or it’s just the right time to get a fresh perspective. You may be struggling with feelings and experiences that are hard to make sense of, like grief, anxiety, loneliness, stress, exhaustion, shame, anger, and/or emptiness. You may feel stuck, like you’ve tried everything, and nothing is working. It’s getting to be more difficult to stay motivated, to stay focused, and to enjoy the things that you love. Psychotherapy can help to relieve these stressors and reduce anxiety and depression.
The decision to begin psychotherapy can come about for a variety of reasons. This may be your first time in therapy or it’s just the right time to get a fresh perspective. You may be struggling with feelings and experiences that are hard to make sense of, like grief, anxiety, loneliness, stress, exhaustion, shame, anger, and/or emptiness. You may feel stuck, like you’ve tried everything, and nothing is working. It’s getting to be more difficult to stay motivated, to stay focused, and to enjoy the things that you love. Psychotherapy can help to relieve these stressors and reduce anxiety and depression.
(415) 914-9740 View (415) 914-9740
Photo of Stephanie Bossy, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Stephanie Bossy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Rockridge, Oakland, CA 94618
I welcome you to journey inward with the support of another person by your side. In our work together, I hope to make space for all parts of your experience to come forward, especially ones that have seemed unacceptable or unwelcome in society. My approach to psychotherapy is holistic. It is descriptive rather than prescriptive, and focused on the whole person and their environment.
I welcome you to journey inward with the support of another person by your side. In our work together, I hope to make space for all parts of your experience to come forward, especially ones that have seemed unacceptable or unwelcome in society. My approach to psychotherapy is holistic. It is descriptive rather than prescriptive, and focused on the whole person and their environment.
(415) 914-7597 View (415) 914-7597
Photo of Laura Elizabeth McCunniff Reid, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Laura Elizabeth McCunniff Reid
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
Rockridge, Oakland, CA 94618
Working with me, you can expect engaged listening, deliberate evocative questions, accountability, reliability, and holistic care with attention to bodily and emotional experiences, thoughts and fantasies. I see therapy as a collaborative creative free space. In the beginning of our work together I will ask you a lot of questions about yourself so I can have a comprehensive sense of who you are and what you are here to work on.
Working with me, you can expect engaged listening, deliberate evocative questions, accountability, reliability, and holistic care with attention to bodily and emotional experiences, thoughts and fantasies. I see therapy as a collaborative creative free space. In the beginning of our work together I will ask you a lot of questions about yourself so I can have a comprehensive sense of who you are and what you are here to work on.
(341) 217-2731 View (341) 217-2731
Photo of Kristy Shanks, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kristy Shanks
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Rockridge, Oakland, CA 94618
Do you have difficulty maintaining healthy relationships? Are you anxious or depressed? Are you having difficulty connecting with others? I am here to support you in expressing your feelings, acknowledging your lived experiences, and navigating relationships.
Do you have difficulty maintaining healthy relationships? Are you anxious or depressed? Are you having difficulty connecting with others? I am here to support you in expressing your feelings, acknowledging your lived experiences, and navigating relationships.
(510) 631-0424 View (510) 631-0424
Photo of Dr. Elizabeth Gayner, PsyD, PMH-C, Psychologist
Dr. Elizabeth Gayner
Psychologist, PsyD, PMH-C
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Rockridge, Oakland, CA 94618
You never expected this journey to feel this way. The path to becoming a mother or finally settling into the role of raising your child looks so different than you imagined. Negative experiences from the past might be so suffocating it feels like you’ll never break free. The demands and pressure on you keep adding up and you’re trying to balance it at all, but your well-being always ends up on the back burner. You're putting on a brave face for everyone, but inside, you're feeling broken. Honestly, you just wish you could start feeling better or finally get what you've you've been craving for so long.
You never expected this journey to feel this way. The path to becoming a mother or finally settling into the role of raising your child looks so different than you imagined. Negative experiences from the past might be so suffocating it feels like you’ll never break free. The demands and pressure on you keep adding up and you’re trying to balance it at all, but your well-being always ends up on the back burner. You're putting on a brave face for everyone, but inside, you're feeling broken. Honestly, you just wish you could start feeling better or finally get what you've you've been craving for so long.
(415) 723-4161 View (415) 723-4161
Photo of Amy Gentile, MA, PhD, Psychologist
Amy Gentile
Psychologist, MA, PhD
Verified Verified
Rockridge, Oakland, CA 94618
I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist who has been in private practice for over 20 years. I work with couples and individuals with issues ranging from adjustment to college to depression, anxiety, grief, loss, bipolor and personality disorders. My work consists of a combination of dynamic, cognitive, behavioral and mindfulness approaches that help individuals and couples resolve the issues that have brought them into psychotherapy.
I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist who has been in private practice for over 20 years. I work with couples and individuals with issues ranging from adjustment to college to depression, anxiety, grief, loss, bipolor and personality disorders. My work consists of a combination of dynamic, cognitive, behavioral and mindfulness approaches that help individuals and couples resolve the issues that have brought them into psychotherapy.
(510) 398-6226 View (510) 398-6226
Photo of Barbara Cox, PhD, Psychologist
Barbara Cox
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Rockridge, Oakland, CA 94618  (Online Only)
Is life feeling like a struggle? Let's work together to help you feel better than you have in a long time. We can work together to clear anxiety, relationship struggles, grief, work stress, uncover your strengths and purpose, enjoy your life again. If you feel stuck, afraid or down, we can work together to get you feeling calm and centered. I have specialties in treating anxiety disorders, as well as work stress and professional burnout. I enjoy working with many types of clients, + therapy to other therapists. Check out my book for women 'The Muse Process: Unleashing the Power of the Feminine'. I look forward to helping you!
Is life feeling like a struggle? Let's work together to help you feel better than you have in a long time. We can work together to clear anxiety, relationship struggles, grief, work stress, uncover your strengths and purpose, enjoy your life again. If you feel stuck, afraid or down, we can work together to get you feeling calm and centered. I have specialties in treating anxiety disorders, as well as work stress and professional burnout. I enjoy working with many types of clients, + therapy to other therapists. Check out my book for women 'The Muse Process: Unleashing the Power of the Feminine'. I look forward to helping you!
(510) 890-3327 View (510) 890-3327
Photo of Tim Barry, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tim Barry
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Rockridge, Oakland, CA 94618
I am passionate about supporting people in addressing a range of different challenges that may be impacting their lives. I believe that people are inherently resilient, and that building a strong therapeutic relationship can help you access both existing strengths and build new ones. While I may be an expert in a particular therapeutic model, you are an expert in your experience, and our ability to work together using evidence-based practices will help you reach your goals. I will take an active approach in your care by collaboratively building rapport and tailoring your care to meet your unique needs.
I am passionate about supporting people in addressing a range of different challenges that may be impacting their lives. I believe that people are inherently resilient, and that building a strong therapeutic relationship can help you access both existing strengths and build new ones. While I may be an expert in a particular therapeutic model, you are an expert in your experience, and our ability to work together using evidence-based practices will help you reach your goals. I will take an active approach in your care by collaboratively building rapport and tailoring your care to meet your unique needs.
(510) 567-7566 View (510) 567-7566
Photo of Zonya Johnson, PhD, Psychologist
Zonya Johnson
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Rockridge, Oakland, CA 94618
I have worked as a clinical psychologist and psychotherapist for over 25 years. I work with individuals and couples with a broad range of psychological and relationship problems. I very much enjoy the sociocultural diversity of the Bay Area and my psychotherapy practice reflects this diversity. Helping people maximize their individual potential is a never-ending source of satisfaction. I have special interests in relationship issues, women's issues, cultural concerns, and health-related problems. I also enjoy helping people find a balance between the demands of work, self, spirit and family.
I have worked as a clinical psychologist and psychotherapist for over 25 years. I work with individuals and couples with a broad range of psychological and relationship problems. I very much enjoy the sociocultural diversity of the Bay Area and my psychotherapy practice reflects this diversity. Helping people maximize their individual potential is a never-ending source of satisfaction. I have special interests in relationship issues, women's issues, cultural concerns, and health-related problems. I also enjoy helping people find a balance between the demands of work, self, spirit and family.
(925) 238-8809 View (925) 238-8809
Photo of Kate Ghidinelli, PsyD, Psychologist
Kate Ghidinelli
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rockridge, Oakland, CA 94618
Therapy offers a profound opportunity for growth and change. I'll be curious about your experience, and we'll pay attention to what feels most important to you as we talk together about your thoughts and feelings. Through this process you'll gain a deeper understanding of yourself. You'll also come to better know your own strengths and resiliency. I am warm, thoughtful, and engaging in my approach and believe that a safe and supportive therapy relationship is essential in easing feelings of discomfort and vulnerability that normally accompany change. Please visit my website for more info about my practice: www.kateghidinellipsyd.com
Therapy offers a profound opportunity for growth and change. I'll be curious about your experience, and we'll pay attention to what feels most important to you as we talk together about your thoughts and feelings. Through this process you'll gain a deeper understanding of yourself. You'll also come to better know your own strengths and resiliency. I am warm, thoughtful, and engaging in my approach and believe that a safe and supportive therapy relationship is essential in easing feelings of discomfort and vulnerability that normally accompany change. Please visit my website for more info about my practice: www.kateghidinellipsyd.com
(628) 227-6065 View (628) 227-6065
Photo of Lisa Bonta Sumii, LCSW, CSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lisa Bonta Sumii
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CSW
Verified Verified
Rockridge, Oakland, CA 94618  (Online Only)
I work with elite athletes in CA and NV, at the collegiate, Olympic, and professional levels. I support in the promotion of optimal mental health (awareness of one's emotional experience, tools/skills/strategies, strong support system), and peak mental performance (mental skills training- imagery, goal setting, routines). I assist the elite athlete in designing a high performance mindset that can benefit them in their sport and in life. I am the first ever Mental Health & Sport Performance Specialist for the Oakland Roots SC. I am listed in the USPOC Mental Health Registry. I am also listed in the NFLPA's Clinician Directory.
I work with elite athletes in CA and NV, at the collegiate, Olympic, and professional levels. I support in the promotion of optimal mental health (awareness of one's emotional experience, tools/skills/strategies, strong support system), and peak mental performance (mental skills training- imagery, goal setting, routines). I assist the elite athlete in designing a high performance mindset that can benefit them in their sport and in life. I am the first ever Mental Health & Sport Performance Specialist for the Oakland Roots SC. I am listed in the USPOC Mental Health Registry. I am also listed in the NFLPA's Clinician Directory.
(415) 322-8979 View (415) 322-8979
Photo of Amy O'Brien, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Amy O'Brien
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Rockridge, Oakland, CA 94618
I provide a warm, supportive environment that is uniquely yours, dedicated to your life and development. We will pay close attention to your thoughts, feelings and behaviors, helping you to better understand all the different parts of yourself. Together we will identify and explore the patterns of behavior and negative self perceptions that may hold you back from a life of balance, vitality and inner peace.
I provide a warm, supportive environment that is uniquely yours, dedicated to your life and development. We will pay close attention to your thoughts, feelings and behaviors, helping you to better understand all the different parts of yourself. Together we will identify and explore the patterns of behavior and negative self perceptions that may hold you back from a life of balance, vitality and inner peace.
(510) 858-2604 View (510) 858-2604
Photo of Adele Markey, AMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Adele Markey
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
Rockridge, Oakland, CA 94618
At some point in their lives, most people deal with emotional, mental, and relationship challenges. Maybe you are feeling down or empty. Perhaps you feel constantly stressed and anxious. You might be having difficulties with family, partners, friends, or colleagues. Or maybe you feel out of touch with your work, your passions, or even yourself. You are not alone. Therapy can help you work through challenging life experiences, both past and present, to help you feel better and to accomplish your goals. I believe that we heal through our relationships with others, and I want to provide this kind of healing relationship for you.
At some point in their lives, most people deal with emotional, mental, and relationship challenges. Maybe you are feeling down or empty. Perhaps you feel constantly stressed and anxious. You might be having difficulties with family, partners, friends, or colleagues. Or maybe you feel out of touch with your work, your passions, or even yourself. You are not alone. Therapy can help you work through challenging life experiences, both past and present, to help you feel better and to accomplish your goals. I believe that we heal through our relationships with others, and I want to provide this kind of healing relationship for you.
(510) 973-4072 View (510) 973-4072
Photo of Shanna LoPresti, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Shanna LoPresti
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Rockridge, Oakland, CA 94618
You can thrive, feel more freedom and peace, and you don't have to do it alone. Relationship challenges, confusing emotions, and transitions can leave us feeling shaky. Somatic (body-centered) therapy can help you understand yourself while healing past hurts. Every relationship you have had with others and society influences your well-being. I can help you navigate relationships with self, loved ones, and the wider world with confidence and ease. You possess tremendous inner strength, courage, and determination. If you are willing to work, you can have the change you desire. You deserve to be your best self.
You can thrive, feel more freedom and peace, and you don't have to do it alone. Relationship challenges, confusing emotions, and transitions can leave us feeling shaky. Somatic (body-centered) therapy can help you understand yourself while healing past hurts. Every relationship you have had with others and society influences your well-being. I can help you navigate relationships with self, loved ones, and the wider world with confidence and ease. You possess tremendous inner strength, courage, and determination. If you are willing to work, you can have the change you desire. You deserve to be your best self.
(415) 528-3513 View (415) 528-3513
Photo of Danila Musante, PhD, Psychologist
Danila Musante
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rockridge, Oakland, CA 94618
I provide compassionate, thoughtful treatment which helps clients to achieve meaningful change. My approach is tailored to each individual's needs and comfort to support the process of healing and growth. I attend to many aspects of identity and circumstance and work with clients to co-create an understanding of themselves and their difficulties.
I provide compassionate, thoughtful treatment which helps clients to achieve meaningful change. My approach is tailored to each individual's needs and comfort to support the process of healing and growth. I attend to many aspects of identity and circumstance and work with clients to co-create an understanding of themselves and their difficulties.
(510) 962-8087 View (510) 962-8087
Photo of Kristen M. VanKlootwyk, MA, AMFT, PCC, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Kristen M. VanKlootwyk
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT, PCC
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Rockridge, Oakland, CA 94618
2024 Specializing in couples and adult child and family work. If you are suffering in your relationship, or if you are experiencing symptoms of anxiety or depression, therapy can provide immediate relief so that you can move beyond simply getting by. Being truly heard and offered evidence based tools to make change are available to you in therapy. Busy working professionals, new parents, the newly retired, of all genders and orientations are welcome in my practice. I can offer you a safe place to be witnessed, rest, restore and heal. Contact me for a free 20 minute session today.
2024 Specializing in couples and adult child and family work. If you are suffering in your relationship, or if you are experiencing symptoms of anxiety or depression, therapy can provide immediate relief so that you can move beyond simply getting by. Being truly heard and offered evidence based tools to make change are available to you in therapy. Busy working professionals, new parents, the newly retired, of all genders and orientations are welcome in my practice. I can offer you a safe place to be witnessed, rest, restore and heal. Contact me for a free 20 minute session today.
(510) 660-0689 View (510) 660-0689
Photo of Sebastian Sheldon, PsyD, Psychologist
Sebastian Sheldon
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Rockridge, Oakland, CA 94618
Many of us feel alone with our suffering and haven't been taught how to address it. I find that a compassionate focus on the parts of us that suffer brings meaningful change. At some point we eventually discover we've developed behaviors that were once adaptive or self-protective but no longer serve us or that we are in relationships that bring emotional strain. I use a Jungian and relational approach, with the attempt to stay focused on emotions in the present while uncovering and integrating unconscious elements.
Many of us feel alone with our suffering and haven't been taught how to address it. I find that a compassionate focus on the parts of us that suffer brings meaningful change. At some point we eventually discover we've developed behaviors that were once adaptive or self-protective but no longer serve us or that we are in relationships that bring emotional strain. I use a Jungian and relational approach, with the attempt to stay focused on emotions in the present while uncovering and integrating unconscious elements.
(925) 900-5180 View (925) 900-5180
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Rockridge, Oakland, CA

70+

Average cost per session

$195

Therapists in Rockridge, Oakland, CA who prioritize treating:

99% Anxiety
95% Relationship Issues
92% Depression
89% Self Esteem
77% Grief
73% Life Transitions
68% Family Conflict

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

58% Aetna
46% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
46% Other

How Therapists in Rockridge, Oakland, CA see their clients

80% In Person and Online
20% Online Only

Gender breakdown

83% Female
17% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Rockridge, Oakland?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.