Therapists in Napa, CA

Photo of Julie Iverson, Marriage & Family Therapist
Julie Iverson
Marriage & Family Therapist
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Napa, CA 94558  (Online Only)
Whether your child or teenager is facing challenges that you are not sure how to handle, or you are a young adult facing the complexities of life and feeling overwhelmed, I believe counseling can help. I have a passion for helping children, teens, and young adults grow their skills and confidence so they can live a life where they feel they can thrive. I love working with youth and young adults who are struggling with trauma, PTSD, depression, anxiety and/or their sense of self-worth. I exclusively provide tele-therapy (think FaceTime) for people who reside in California.
Whether your child or teenager is facing challenges that you are not sure how to handle, or you are a young adult facing the complexities of life and feeling overwhelmed, I believe counseling can help. I have a passion for helping children, teens, and young adults grow their skills and confidence so they can live a life where they feel they can thrive. I love working with youth and young adults who are struggling with trauma, PTSD, depression, anxiety and/or their sense of self-worth. I exclusively provide tele-therapy (think FaceTime) for people who reside in California.
(707) 205-4311 View (707) 205-4311
Photo of Corinne Weaver, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Corinne Weaver
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Napa, CA 94559
Sometimes we get stuck in life and need a greater level of help and/or guidance than our friends and family can provide. My goal is to help you figure out where you are, where you want to be, and how you can get there. I have practical experience and am comfortable working with a wide variety of clients and concerns.
Sometimes we get stuck in life and need a greater level of help and/or guidance than our friends and family can provide. My goal is to help you figure out where you are, where you want to be, and how you can get there. I have practical experience and am comfortable working with a wide variety of clients and concerns.
(707) 505-9346 View (707) 505-9346
Photo of Dr. Kirsten Kuzirian, PsyD, Psychologist
Dr. Kirsten Kuzirian
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Napa, CA 94559
Waitlist for new clients
Hi! I am a neurodivergent (ADHD, Autism, Anxiety) affirming child/adolescent clinician. I enjoy supporting parents (check out my mindful parenting podcast at WideAwakeParenting.com) and kids with in person DBT, CBT and play therapy tools. I also complete ADHD, Autism and Specific Learning Disorder evaluations to identify your child's cognitive and emotional profile and make social, emotional and educational recommendations. My favorite part of this work is getting to know your family. We will use your family's strengths and value system to create comfortable solutions for you and your child.
Hi! I am a neurodivergent (ADHD, Autism, Anxiety) affirming child/adolescent clinician. I enjoy supporting parents (check out my mindful parenting podcast at WideAwakeParenting.com) and kids with in person DBT, CBT and play therapy tools. I also complete ADHD, Autism and Specific Learning Disorder evaluations to identify your child's cognitive and emotional profile and make social, emotional and educational recommendations. My favorite part of this work is getting to know your family. We will use your family's strengths and value system to create comfortable solutions for you and your child.
(707) 309-6688 View (707) 309-6688
Photo of Rocio B Cuddy, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Rocio B Cuddy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Napa, CA 94559
The transformation of the human spirit has been a passion of mine for as long as I can remember. Throughout my professional career of thirty plus years in mental health, health and drug recovery settings, I have come to revere the mind, body and spirit connection and developed an understanding of its importance in a journey towards wellness. I have had the privilege of supporting individuals of all ages, needs and backgrounds in this way and look forward to working with you to develop more awareness of these three parts for your desired level of integration. Let's talk about my tailored services for you and those you care for.
The transformation of the human spirit has been a passion of mine for as long as I can remember. Throughout my professional career of thirty plus years in mental health, health and drug recovery settings, I have come to revere the mind, body and spirit connection and developed an understanding of its importance in a journey towards wellness. I have had the privilege of supporting individuals of all ages, needs and backgrounds in this way and look forward to working with you to develop more awareness of these three parts for your desired level of integration. Let's talk about my tailored services for you and those you care for.
(707) 600-2193 View (707) 600-2193
Photo of Erin Findley, PsyD, Psychologist
Erin Findley
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Napa, CA 94558
Being in a long-term relationship can be difficult. Job stress, parenting, chronic illness, and past trauma all add to the disruption in a relationship. When one or more of these are at play, your energy is sapped and your ability to respond to your partner or kids with patience is limited. It's hard to keep yourself from just reacting, whether that reaction is to snap out or shut down. I know - from very personal experience - how it feels to be trapped, alone, and stuck in a relationship without any idea how to make it better. But now, there's a roadmap to making these issues better, and I'd like to share it with you.
Being in a long-term relationship can be difficult. Job stress, parenting, chronic illness, and past trauma all add to the disruption in a relationship. When one or more of these are at play, your energy is sapped and your ability to respond to your partner or kids with patience is limited. It's hard to keep yourself from just reacting, whether that reaction is to snap out or shut down. I know - from very personal experience - how it feels to be trapped, alone, and stuck in a relationship without any idea how to make it better. But now, there's a roadmap to making these issues better, and I'd like to share it with you.
(510) 661-3191 View (510) 661-3191
Photo of Christy Stein, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Christy Stein
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Napa, CA 94558  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Making the decision for change and taking the first step in that direction are acts of courage and creation. Whether you are struggling emotionally or you would just like to examine yourself more deeply, I am here to support you on the path. I work across cultures with individuals and couples on challenges ranging from extreme trauma to addiction to life transitions. You do not have to manage these difficulties alone.
Making the decision for change and taking the first step in that direction are acts of courage and creation. Whether you are struggling emotionally or you would just like to examine yourself more deeply, I am here to support you on the path. I work across cultures with individuals and couples on challenges ranging from extreme trauma to addiction to life transitions. You do not have to manage these difficulties alone.
(415) 462-4245 View (415) 462-4245
Photo of Anna C. Lewis, PhD, Psychologist
Anna C. Lewis
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Napa, CA 94559
I work with bright, thoughtful people with complicated lives. Many are the adult children of difficult parents, people-pleasers, over-thinkers, highly sensitive, or therapists themselves. Their challenges include life transitions, relationship problems, and questions about who they are and what they want. I trust each client's sense of what is most important to discuss, and I use client feedback and responses to learn what specific approach best suits the client's needs. My general way of working is conversational, warm, and collaborative, and I see my clients as the true experts on their experiences.
I work with bright, thoughtful people with complicated lives. Many are the adult children of difficult parents, people-pleasers, over-thinkers, highly sensitive, or therapists themselves. Their challenges include life transitions, relationship problems, and questions about who they are and what they want. I trust each client's sense of what is most important to discuss, and I use client feedback and responses to learn what specific approach best suits the client's needs. My general way of working is conversational, warm, and collaborative, and I see my clients as the true experts on their experiences.
(707) 505-9612 View (707) 505-9612
Photo of You Her, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
You Her
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Napa, CA 94558
Hi, my name are You Her. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in California. I've worked in the mental health field for over 5 years and focus on helping others who with a variety of mental health challenges, especially challenges with Depression and Anxiety. Other areas I've helped individuals through include experiences with trauma, life changes, self-esteem, and cultural stress. Theoretical approaches I utilize include CBT, Solution Focused, DBT, and Motivational Interviewing.
Hi, my name are You Her. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in California. I've worked in the mental health field for over 5 years and focus on helping others who with a variety of mental health challenges, especially challenges with Depression and Anxiety. Other areas I've helped individuals through include experiences with trauma, life changes, self-esteem, and cultural stress. Theoretical approaches I utilize include CBT, Solution Focused, DBT, and Motivational Interviewing.
(707) 985-7259 View (707) 985-7259
Photo of Melissa Marrapese - Melissa Marrapese, Ph.D., PhD, Psychologist
Melissa Marrapese, Ph.D.
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Napa, CA 94559
I specialize in Eye Movement Desensitization & Reprocessing Therapy (EMDR), an evidenced based approach to treating a variety of clinical problems, including trauma, adverse life experiences, anxiety, depression and pain. EMDR targets past/current issues, and helps clients to face the future more adaptively. I also provide a range of additional services, including psychological assessments, pre-employment evaluations, expert witness testimony, trainings to various agencies and companies on topics including trauma, resiliency, mental health awareness and communication skills. I'm also a certified psychedelic assisted therapist.
I specialize in Eye Movement Desensitization & Reprocessing Therapy (EMDR), an evidenced based approach to treating a variety of clinical problems, including trauma, adverse life experiences, anxiety, depression and pain. EMDR targets past/current issues, and helps clients to face the future more adaptively. I also provide a range of additional services, including psychological assessments, pre-employment evaluations, expert witness testimony, trainings to various agencies and companies on topics including trauma, resiliency, mental health awareness and communication skills. I'm also a certified psychedelic assisted therapist.
(707) 414-3135 View (707) 414-3135
Photo of Jessica Gray (Nee Hulin), LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Jessica Gray (Nee Hulin)
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Napa, CA 94559  (Online Only)
Making the decision to enter therapy is not an easy one. Therapy can feel daunting to those who are experiencing a sense of confusion, hopelessness, or worry about their lives. I offer a safe environment to those seeking to better themselves. I believe in finding what works for you and implementing those practices into your daily life. I am here to help you harness your inner strengths by using compassion, understanding and guidance. I believe that you are the expert in your life and I use a genuine and holistic approach to aid you in moving through difficulties.
Making the decision to enter therapy is not an easy one. Therapy can feel daunting to those who are experiencing a sense of confusion, hopelessness, or worry about their lives. I offer a safe environment to those seeking to better themselves. I believe in finding what works for you and implementing those practices into your daily life. I am here to help you harness your inner strengths by using compassion, understanding and guidance. I believe that you are the expert in your life and I use a genuine and holistic approach to aid you in moving through difficulties.
(707) 531-7521 View (707) 531-7521
Photo of Cathie Gordon - Empathy Works Therapy, LMFT, LPCC, LCSW, Marriage & Family Therapist
Empathy Works Therapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LPCC, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Napa, CA 94559
If you are looking for help dealing with overwhelming emotions, relationship difficulties, or challenging life transitions, I’m glad you have found us. Empathy Works is a warm welcoming therapy group blending compassionate counseling techniques with evidence-based therapies. Our therapists specialize in working with couples, families, adults, teens, and children seeking meaningful and lasting change in their lives. We work with individuals, couples and families on a wide variety of issues such as depression, anxiety, relationship issues, parenting, stage of life transitions, trauma, and grief and loss across the life span.
If you are looking for help dealing with overwhelming emotions, relationship difficulties, or challenging life transitions, I’m glad you have found us. Empathy Works is a warm welcoming therapy group blending compassionate counseling techniques with evidence-based therapies. Our therapists specialize in working with couples, families, adults, teens, and children seeking meaningful and lasting change in their lives. We work with individuals, couples and families on a wide variety of issues such as depression, anxiety, relationship issues, parenting, stage of life transitions, trauma, and grief and loss across the life span.
(707) 606-0582 View (707) 606-0582
Photo of Nicole Terrazas, LMFT, MT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Nicole Terrazas
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MT
Verified Verified
Napa, CA 94558  (Online Only)
Hello! Do you suffer from anxiety or depression? Are you experiencing difficulties in your relationships? Do you want to learn how to regulate your emotions? Do you need skills to help you manage distress? Would you like to learn how to more effectively communicate in your relationships? Would you like help finding focus in your life and making sense of your thoughts and feelings? I can help relieve distress with evidence-based skills through Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, or DBT.
Hello! Do you suffer from anxiety or depression? Are you experiencing difficulties in your relationships? Do you want to learn how to regulate your emotions? Do you need skills to help you manage distress? Would you like to learn how to more effectively communicate in your relationships? Would you like help finding focus in your life and making sense of your thoughts and feelings? I can help relieve distress with evidence-based skills through Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, or DBT.
(707) 690-5284 View (707) 690-5284
Photo of Sydnie Souza, MFTA, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Sydnie Souza
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MFTA
Verified Verified
Napa, CA 94559
Ensuring that you feel truly seen and heard is my primary goal. I am dedicated to providing compassionate support by helping individuals navigate their emotional well-being and relationships. Through therapy, a safe and non-judgmental space is created where you can explore your thoughts, emotions, and experiences without fear of criticism.
Ensuring that you feel truly seen and heard is my primary goal. I am dedicated to providing compassionate support by helping individuals navigate their emotional well-being and relationships. Through therapy, a safe and non-judgmental space is created where you can explore your thoughts, emotions, and experiences without fear of criticism.
(707) 348-5825 View (707) 348-5825
Photo of Elaina Scrutchins, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Elaina Scrutchins
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Napa, CA 94559
I view my role as a therapist as being both a safe witness and a compassionate guide with the goal of increasing your ability to cope with life's challenges, improve functioning, and increase your sense of health and wellbeing. I work adults and adolescents, treating a variety of issues and conditions using specialized treatment modalities, including Mindfulness, EMDR, and Internal Family Systems therapy, and DBT and CBT.
I view my role as a therapist as being both a safe witness and a compassionate guide with the goal of increasing your ability to cope with life's challenges, improve functioning, and increase your sense of health and wellbeing. I work adults and adolescents, treating a variety of issues and conditions using specialized treatment modalities, including Mindfulness, EMDR, and Internal Family Systems therapy, and DBT and CBT.
(707) 998-5943 View (707) 998-5943
Photo of Michelle Joan Frisch, MSW, PhD, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Michelle Joan Frisch
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, PhD
Verified Verified
Napa, CA 94559
Marriage can be extremely challenging, especially if your childhood was less than ideal. I help couples learn to listen to each other and talk about difficult issues without being triggered by past events or experiences. These reactions can cause defensiveness, or result in attacks on, or withdrawal from, the other. I help change these patterns, facilitate productive discussions and help you get the love and closeness back in your marriage. Couples can heal, become stronger in their bond and rejoin in love even after an affair or infatuation. I have 29 years of experience as an insight-oriented psychotherapist working with individuals and couples.
Marriage can be extremely challenging, especially if your childhood was less than ideal. I help couples learn to listen to each other and talk about difficult issues without being triggered by past events or experiences. These reactions can cause defensiveness, or result in attacks on, or withdrawal from, the other. I help change these patterns, facilitate productive discussions and help you get the love and closeness back in your marriage. Couples can heal, become stronger in their bond and rejoin in love even after an affair or infatuation. I have 29 years of experience as an insight-oriented psychotherapist working with individuals and couples.
(707) 902-3990 View (707) 902-3990
Photo of Taylor Vulk, MS, AMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern
Taylor Vulk
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern, MS, AMFT
Verified Verified
Napa, CA 94559
I genuinely believe in the ability to change, heal and grow through challenging times. Whether you’re a child, adolescent, adult or family, you deserve to move through life with harmony within yourself and in your relationships. My hope is to help you/your child to navigate life’s challenges and wonders through better understanding emotional regulation, supporting connections, and building skills that can support you/your child throughout a lifetime. My ultimate goal is to provide every client the space to find more self-acceptance and inner peace with the hopes of achieving a solid grounding in one's authentic self.
I genuinely believe in the ability to change, heal and grow through challenging times. Whether you’re a child, adolescent, adult or family, you deserve to move through life with harmony within yourself and in your relationships. My hope is to help you/your child to navigate life’s challenges and wonders through better understanding emotional regulation, supporting connections, and building skills that can support you/your child throughout a lifetime. My ultimate goal is to provide every client the space to find more self-acceptance and inner peace with the hopes of achieving a solid grounding in one's authentic self.
(707) 375-9886 View (707) 375-9886
Photo of Denise A Traina, PhD, Psychologist
Denise A Traina
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Napa, CA 94559
There are many reasons for seeking therapy, but most often the goal is to feel better, live more fully, or improve coping skills. I believe that effective therapy is tailored to the presenting issue, specific treatment goals, individual temperament as well as an ongoing assessment of effectiveness. My style is one of openness, acceptance, curiosity, respect, optimism, and encouragement.
There are many reasons for seeking therapy, but most often the goal is to feel better, live more fully, or improve coping skills. I believe that effective therapy is tailored to the presenting issue, specific treatment goals, individual temperament as well as an ongoing assessment of effectiveness. My style is one of openness, acceptance, curiosity, respect, optimism, and encouragement.
(510) 380-8155 View (510) 380-8155
Photo of Gina Stanwood Kramer, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Gina Stanwood Kramer
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Napa, CA 94559
Thank you for your interest in my practice. I have over 20 years of clinical experience supporting children, adolescents, adults, and families. I work to tailor my approach to each individual's specific needs & concerns so that together we can create a path towards healing, empowerment and change. I believe that each person and age-group has different needs within a therapy setting. I utilize play, art, sand, and interactive talk therapy to create a safe, compassionate and dynamic approach to support change.
Thank you for your interest in my practice. I have over 20 years of clinical experience supporting children, adolescents, adults, and families. I work to tailor my approach to each individual's specific needs & concerns so that together we can create a path towards healing, empowerment and change. I believe that each person and age-group has different needs within a therapy setting. I utilize play, art, sand, and interactive talk therapy to create a safe, compassionate and dynamic approach to support change.
(707) 412-8939 View (707) 412-8939
Photo of Pam Walton, MA, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Pam Walton
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Napa, CA 94559
Welcome. I have over 24 years of experience as a therapist, and master's degrees in Clinical Psychology and Physiology. I also have over 30 years of experience teaching and practicing mindfulness, and a background in neuroscience research. If you are suffering from anxiety, anger, depression, trauma, addiction or family/marriage problems, I can help. I can take you beyond traditional talk-based therapy using experiential methods, to access and change emotional and behavioral patterns that keep you stuck. Please see my website for additional information on my training and experience.
Welcome. I have over 24 years of experience as a therapist, and master's degrees in Clinical Psychology and Physiology. I also have over 30 years of experience teaching and practicing mindfulness, and a background in neuroscience research. If you are suffering from anxiety, anger, depression, trauma, addiction or family/marriage problems, I can help. I can take you beyond traditional talk-based therapy using experiential methods, to access and change emotional and behavioral patterns that keep you stuck. Please see my website for additional information on my training and experience.
(707) 207-6036 View (707) 207-6036
Photo of Ailsa Long, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Ailsa Long
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Napa, CA 94558
Ailsa Long, MFC 40771. I focus on adult clients experiencing life stressors, family stressors, Anxiety, Trauma, Depression, and grief. I work with adult clients experiencing depression, anxiety, panic attacks, grief, Trauma, and family, relationship, and life stressors. I’m very validating and empathetic but I’m also tools-oriented and have a direct approach as well.
Ailsa Long, MFC 40771. I focus on adult clients experiencing life stressors, family stressors, Anxiety, Trauma, Depression, and grief. I work with adult clients experiencing depression, anxiety, panic attacks, grief, Trauma, and family, relationship, and life stressors. I’m very validating and empathetic but I’m also tools-oriented and have a direct approach as well.
(707) 728-8055 View (707) 728-8055
1
...

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Napa, CA

200+

Average cost per session

$160

Therapists in Napa, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
90% Depression
77% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
72% Trauma and PTSD
72% Coping Skills
68% Grief

Average years in practice

15 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

61% Aetna
60% Cigna and Evernorth
58% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Napa, CA see their clients

71% In Person and Online
29% Online Only

Gender breakdown

83% Female
16% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Napa?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.