Therapists in Lucerne Valley, CA

Photo of Erin D'Orio - Windsong Marriage, Family and Personal Therapy Inc, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Windsong Marriage, Family and Personal Therapy Inc
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Lucerne Valley, CA 92356
Welcome to Windsong Therapy. You wouldn't be here reading this if you were not going through something painful or difficult. The good news is that pain is often the touchstone of changing for the better. I want to help. I don't believe you become a good therapist just from school or books. It also requires living real life which includes pain, struggle and finding courage, tools and solutions to not only overcome, but then share that knowledge and experience with others.
Welcome to Windsong Therapy. You wouldn't be here reading this if you were not going through something painful or difficult. The good news is that pain is often the touchstone of changing for the better. I want to help. I don't believe you become a good therapist just from school or books. It also requires living real life which includes pain, struggle and finding courage, tools and solutions to not only overcome, but then share that knowledge and experience with others.
(760) 456-8870 View (760) 456-8870
Photo of Gina Weiss, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Gina Weiss
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Lucerne Valley, CA 92356
I most enjoy working with clients who are willing to look within and accept responsibility (not blame) for their thoughts, feelings and behavior. I feel especially honored to work with clients who have had traumatic childhood experiences, including sexual abuse. Although these events can have devastating consequences, I have found that survivors of childhood trauma can also be catapulted to higher than usual levels of consciousness and well-being when the traumas are healed. In other words, therapy is a very gratifying journey to walk with a client. I work well with anxiety, depression, chronic pain, eating disorders and dissociative disorders.
I most enjoy working with clients who are willing to look within and accept responsibility (not blame) for their thoughts, feelings and behavior. I feel especially honored to work with clients who have had traumatic childhood experiences, including sexual abuse. Although these events can have devastating consequences, I have found that survivors of childhood trauma can also be catapulted to higher than usual levels of consciousness and well-being when the traumas are healed. In other words, therapy is a very gratifying journey to walk with a client. I work well with anxiety, depression, chronic pain, eating disorders and dissociative disorders.
(909) 474-7893 View (909) 474-7893
Photo of Dawn Hull, MSW, LCSW, LISW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Dawn Hull
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, LISW
Verified Verified
Lucerne Valley, CA 92356  (Online Only)
I believe that everyone deserves to live a life that makes them excited to wake up in the morning. Unfortunately, many people live imprisoned in negativity brought upon by childhood trauma, abusive relationships, or toxic work environments. One of the bravest things you can do is begin to understand your own story and take steps to create a life worth living. My goal is to provide a safe place to work through your pain to understand the patterns that have kept you feeling stuck and help you get on a path towards self-compassion, healthy relationships, and overall contentment.
I believe that everyone deserves to live a life that makes them excited to wake up in the morning. Unfortunately, many people live imprisoned in negativity brought upon by childhood trauma, abusive relationships, or toxic work environments. One of the bravest things you can do is begin to understand your own story and take steps to create a life worth living. My goal is to provide a safe place to work through your pain to understand the patterns that have kept you feeling stuck and help you get on a path towards self-compassion, healthy relationships, and overall contentment.
(909) 324-6171 View (909) 324-6171

Online Therapists

Photo of Margaret Poytress, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Margaret Poytress
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Fullerton, CA 92833
My name is Margaret "Marj" Poytress, LMFT. My approach is to be present with you and witness as you process, learn, grow, and develop your true self. My therapeutic approach focuses on validating, teaching, empathy, and compassion. I will help facilitate change as you work towards achieving your therapy goals. I’m dedicated to helping you discover your best life. I utilize EMDR and Internal Family Systems approaches to help you alleviate symptoms and process problematic thoughts. I am trained in Triple P Parenting and can help with parenting issues for all ages.
My name is Margaret "Marj" Poytress, LMFT. My approach is to be present with you and witness as you process, learn, grow, and develop your true self. My therapeutic approach focuses on validating, teaching, empathy, and compassion. I will help facilitate change as you work towards achieving your therapy goals. I’m dedicated to helping you discover your best life. I utilize EMDR and Internal Family Systems approaches to help you alleviate symptoms and process problematic thoughts. I am trained in Triple P Parenting and can help with parenting issues for all ages.
(657) 571-1927 View (657) 571-1927
Photo of Emma Busby, MA, AMFT, APCC, EMDR, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Emma Busby
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT, APCC, EMDR
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Beverly Hills, CA 90210  (Online Only)
How do I heal from this? Will I ever feel normal again? Why do I feel like this? These questions, among others, are common ones in the pursuit of healing from trauma, grief, and the complex processes and systems of life. These questions have answers, and you are not alone in these thoughts!
How do I heal from this? Will I ever feel normal again? Why do I feel like this? These questions, among others, are common ones in the pursuit of healing from trauma, grief, and the complex processes and systems of life. These questions have answers, and you are not alone in these thoughts!
(818) 408-4830 View (818) 408-4830
Photo of Mary Taboada, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Mary Taboada
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90065
As a therapist, I work with you to help you identify your strengths and empower you to make positive changes in your life. I recognize that making the decision to seek help can be difficult, I use an approach that is compassionate, direct, and non-judgmental to help create an environment where you feel supported, validated and safe. In 2007, I began my journey working in the counseling filed by helping survivors of domestic violence.
As a therapist, I work with you to help you identify your strengths and empower you to make positive changes in your life. I recognize that making the decision to seek help can be difficult, I use an approach that is compassionate, direct, and non-judgmental to help create an environment where you feel supported, validated and safe. In 2007, I began my journey working in the counseling filed by helping survivors of domestic violence.
(323) 591-5259 View (323) 591-5259
Photo of Renee Feiger, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Renee Feiger
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90064
Is this a critical time or are you feeling stuck? At various times in our lives we reach a crossroad. Changes in your relationships, your work, your finances or about planning your future can cause anxiety and stress. I have successfully worked with people during these transitions. In treatment, I follow a holistic approach using various modalities such as psychodynamic psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral techniques, and coaching. We will identify your road blocks by exploring your worries and your fears, providing you with coping skills to achieve the life you want.
Is this a critical time or are you feeling stuck? At various times in our lives we reach a crossroad. Changes in your relationships, your work, your finances or about planning your future can cause anxiety and stress. I have successfully worked with people during these transitions. In treatment, I follow a holistic approach using various modalities such as psychodynamic psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral techniques, and coaching. We will identify your road blocks by exploring your worries and your fears, providing you with coping skills to achieve the life you want.
(310) 494-2858 View (310) 494-2858
Photo of Kathy Chapel, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Kathy Chapel
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Mission Hills, CA 91345
Do you struggle with feeling disconnected from yourself and others? Do you put your needs at the bottom of the To Do List? Do you wonder if life should feel somehow better? Happier? Now more than ever, people are feeling anxious, overwhelmed, and uncertain about how they’re supposed to manage their relationships, careers, and their lives. Pushing away your needs and not taking time for yourself can lead to long term issues for your mind and body. I believe it shouldn't be so hard to live a better life.
Do you struggle with feeling disconnected from yourself and others? Do you put your needs at the bottom of the To Do List? Do you wonder if life should feel somehow better? Happier? Now more than ever, people are feeling anxious, overwhelmed, and uncertain about how they’re supposed to manage their relationships, careers, and their lives. Pushing away your needs and not taking time for yourself can lead to long term issues for your mind and body. I believe it shouldn't be so hard to live a better life.
(818) 293-7591 View (818) 293-7591
Photo of Stephanie Gast, MS, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Stephanie Gast
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MS
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Fullerton, CA 92835  (Online Only)
Using an Attachment-based lens, I help folks understand & process family roles, relationship dynamics & survival mechanisms that no longer serve them. I specialize in supporting those struggling with anxiety, low-self esteem, emotional overwhelm, relationship issues, & other forms of inner child wounds. In order to feel safe & have our needs met, we may adopt behaviors such as conflict avoidance, people-pleasing, perfectionism, etc. Once needed to survive, as we get older, these protective mechanisms can cause states of depression/anxiety, stunt us from growing, & (unconsciously) recreate relationship patterns from our childhood.
Using an Attachment-based lens, I help folks understand & process family roles, relationship dynamics & survival mechanisms that no longer serve them. I specialize in supporting those struggling with anxiety, low-self esteem, emotional overwhelm, relationship issues, & other forms of inner child wounds. In order to feel safe & have our needs met, we may adopt behaviors such as conflict avoidance, people-pleasing, perfectionism, etc. Once needed to survive, as we get older, these protective mechanisms can cause states of depression/anxiety, stunt us from growing, & (unconsciously) recreate relationship patterns from our childhood.
(657) 214-3139 View (657) 214-3139
Photo of Sinthia Serrato, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Sinthia Serrato
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Brea, CA 92821  (Online Only)
I have worked in the mental health field for over 7 years. I have worked with young children, teens, adults, and older adults. I have experience treating trauma, anxiety, depression, parenting difficulties, and postpartum depression/anxiety. I utilize a combination of client centered therapy and Cognitive Behavioral therapy. I believe that in order to find the root of your symptoms, you need a safe place to do so. My main goal is to build a strong therapeutic relationship with my patients. Patients will not allow themselves to go to a vulnerable place if they do not feel safe.
I have worked in the mental health field for over 7 years. I have worked with young children, teens, adults, and older adults. I have experience treating trauma, anxiety, depression, parenting difficulties, and postpartum depression/anxiety. I utilize a combination of client centered therapy and Cognitive Behavioral therapy. I believe that in order to find the root of your symptoms, you need a safe place to do so. My main goal is to build a strong therapeutic relationship with my patients. Patients will not allow themselves to go to a vulnerable place if they do not feel safe.
(657) 837-6161 View (657) 837-6161
Photo of Sarah Schewitz - Couples Learn, Psychologist
Couples Learn
Psychologist
Verified Verified
Burbank, CA 91502  (Online Only)
Searching for the best solution for your relationship counseling needs? Our highly rated online couples therapy practice offers tailored solutions for individuals with relationship challenges, premarital counseling, couples therapy & marriage help. Ranked by Forbes as one of the best online couples therapy platforms, we stand apart as a premier psychology practice. Each of our therapists brings top-notch skills & expertise in the realm of love & relationships to help you on your journey towards healthier connections and a happier you. Don't wait! Grab the chance to chat with one of our amazing therapists for a free 30min consult.
Searching for the best solution for your relationship counseling needs? Our highly rated online couples therapy practice offers tailored solutions for individuals with relationship challenges, premarital counseling, couples therapy & marriage help. Ranked by Forbes as one of the best online couples therapy platforms, we stand apart as a premier psychology practice. Each of our therapists brings top-notch skills & expertise in the realm of love & relationships to help you on your journey towards healthier connections and a happier you. Don't wait! Grab the chance to chat with one of our amazing therapists for a free 30min consult.
(424) 383-7907 View (424) 383-7907
Photo of Cynthia V Sloan, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Cynthia V Sloan
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Downey, CA 90242  (Online Only)
Book with me now by clicking on my website. Do you feel overwhelmed and exhausted? Are you struggling to keep up with your relationships, work and health? I help individuals manage anxiety and depression. My clients are eager to improve, but don't yet have the tools needed to make this goal a reality. They often feel stuck, overwhelmed and anxious about their lives and relationships. Together, we can identify what's not working and get you back to balance. We'll use a strength based approach, addressing the needs of your mind, body and spirit.
Book with me now by clicking on my website. Do you feel overwhelmed and exhausted? Are you struggling to keep up with your relationships, work and health? I help individuals manage anxiety and depression. My clients are eager to improve, but don't yet have the tools needed to make this goal a reality. They often feel stuck, overwhelmed and anxious about their lives and relationships. Together, we can identify what's not working and get you back to balance. We'll use a strength based approach, addressing the needs of your mind, body and spirit.
(424) 799-0872 View (424) 799-0872
Photo of Ryannah Tannarome, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Ryannah Tannarome
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90003
Ryannah, a resident of Northern California, earned her Master’s in Counseling Psychology from John F. Kennedy University and her Bachelor’s in Psychology from Lawrence University. As a therapist, she has worked with children, adults, and families at local non-profits for the past twelve years. Additionally, she has served as a clinical supervisor for the last three years.
Ryannah, a resident of Northern California, earned her Master’s in Counseling Psychology from John F. Kennedy University and her Bachelor’s in Psychology from Lawrence University. As a therapist, she has worked with children, adults, and families at local non-profits for the past twelve years. Additionally, she has served as a clinical supervisor for the last three years.
(323) 375-2312 View (323) 375-2312
Photo of Lauren Duerson, MEd, LPCC, LCMHC, Counselor
Lauren Duerson
Counselor, MEd, LPCC, LCMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Studio City, CA 91604  (Online Only)
Are you struggling to navigate each day, weighed down by exhaustion, persistent low mood, excessive worry, or a state of hypervigilance? Have you battled anxiety, depression, trauma, substance use challenges, or struggled with your self-esteem? I want to assure you that you're not alone in your journey. I firmly believe that one of life's most courageous acts is to embark on a path of self-discovery, to gain insight into your personal journey, and to open the door to healing and growth. A central theme running through the modalities I utilize is mindfulness, self-compassion, and heightened awareness of both the body and emotions
Are you struggling to navigate each day, weighed down by exhaustion, persistent low mood, excessive worry, or a state of hypervigilance? Have you battled anxiety, depression, trauma, substance use challenges, or struggled with your self-esteem? I want to assure you that you're not alone in your journey. I firmly believe that one of life's most courageous acts is to embark on a path of self-discovery, to gain insight into your personal journey, and to open the door to healing and growth. A central theme running through the modalities I utilize is mindfulness, self-compassion, and heightened awareness of both the body and emotions
(310) 362-9418 View (310) 362-9418
Photo of Champagne Clark, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Champagne Clark
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Fontana, CA 92335
Hello! I am a trained licensed psychotherapist with degrees from Fort Hays State and Louisiana State University. I have been working in the mental health field for almost a decade and have experience treating a wide range of individuals who suffer from phobias, depression, trauma, PTSD, anxiety, and substance abuse. I truly understand that every person who enters this world is unique and so are their mental health struggles. My objective is to assist clients in implementing changes that will last. I currently provide therapeutic services in a comfortable environment that provides you with the security to be more open and freer.
Hello! I am a trained licensed psychotherapist with degrees from Fort Hays State and Louisiana State University. I have been working in the mental health field for almost a decade and have experience treating a wide range of individuals who suffer from phobias, depression, trauma, PTSD, anxiety, and substance abuse. I truly understand that every person who enters this world is unique and so are their mental health struggles. My objective is to assist clients in implementing changes that will last. I currently provide therapeutic services in a comfortable environment that provides you with the security to be more open and freer.
(951) 800-4023 View (951) 800-4023
Photo of Carla Barclay-Nathan, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Carla Barclay-Nathan
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Canyon Country, CA 91387  (Online Only)
I believe in creating a nonjudgmental space where you can come as you are- not the perfect, polished version you may feel pressure to be in the world. Whether you are suffering from depression, anxiety, grief and loss, unresolved trauma, substance abuse issues, or challenges in relationships, I am here to provide a space to explore these issues and foster personal growth. I believe that you are the expert in your life, and I am there to provide the support and feedback you need to address life’s challenges, identify barriers, explore solutions, and help you achieve your goals.
I believe in creating a nonjudgmental space where you can come as you are- not the perfect, polished version you may feel pressure to be in the world. Whether you are suffering from depression, anxiety, grief and loss, unresolved trauma, substance abuse issues, or challenges in relationships, I am here to provide a space to explore these issues and foster personal growth. I believe that you are the expert in your life, and I am there to provide the support and feedback you need to address life’s challenges, identify barriers, explore solutions, and help you achieve your goals.
(661) 306-2567 View (661) 306-2567
Photo of Denise Hernandez, AMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Denise Hernandez
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91104  (Online Only)
Do you ever feel needing to speak with someone about what is going on your mind? Trying to process what is going on? Having relationships concerns with significant partners, friends, or family? Wanting to learn ways to cope with difficult feelings?
Do you ever feel needing to speak with someone about what is going on your mind? Trying to process what is going on? Having relationships concerns with significant partners, friends, or family? Wanting to learn ways to cope with difficult feelings?
(323) 948-6303 View (323) 948-6303
Photo of Allison Young, ASW, Pre-Licensed Professional
Allison Young
Pre-Licensed Professional, ASW
Verified Verified
Long Beach, CA 90807
Hello, my name is Allison. As a therapist, I’m passionate about helping people in unfulfilling relationships learn how to build stronger intimate connections. Many of the individuals and couples I work with come to me because they are feeling emotionally and physically out of touch with their partners. My practice focuses on helping those partners communicate effectively and feel more seen, heard, and understood in the relationship. I work from a relational-cultural perspective, aiming to understand each person within the larger systems they exist in, and helping to bridge the gap in communication by getting to the root of conflict.
Hello, my name is Allison. As a therapist, I’m passionate about helping people in unfulfilling relationships learn how to build stronger intimate connections. Many of the individuals and couples I work with come to me because they are feeling emotionally and physically out of touch with their partners. My practice focuses on helping those partners communicate effectively and feel more seen, heard, and understood in the relationship. I work from a relational-cultural perspective, aiming to understand each person within the larger systems they exist in, and helping to bridge the gap in communication by getting to the root of conflict.
(562) 600-9189 View (562) 600-9189
Photo of Natalya Sivashov, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Natalya Sivashov
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Monterey Park, CA 91754
I lived in 3 different countries throughout my formative years which has inspired in me a love for multiculturalism, open-heartedness, resilience, and a passion for helping people heal. I am an LGBTQIA+ affirming therapist. Additionally, I am genuinely respectful and considerate of all different sexual and gender identities, cultures, ethnicities, and faiths. I draw from my interest, knowledge, and experience with somatic experiencing, EMDR, depth psychotherapy, mythology, and eco-therapy to assist my clients.
I lived in 3 different countries throughout my formative years which has inspired in me a love for multiculturalism, open-heartedness, resilience, and a passion for helping people heal. I am an LGBTQIA+ affirming therapist. Additionally, I am genuinely respectful and considerate of all different sexual and gender identities, cultures, ethnicities, and faiths. I draw from my interest, knowledge, and experience with somatic experiencing, EMDR, depth psychotherapy, mythology, and eco-therapy to assist my clients.
(626) 790-7060 View (626) 790-7060
Photo of Pamela K Sprankling, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Pamela K Sprankling
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Valencia, CA 91355
I employ an integrated therapeutic approach grounded toward helping people to help themselves. I provide an accepting, respectful and trusting atmosphere while utilizing the most appropriate methods to meet your unique needs. Change happens in small steps and reaching out takes a lot of courage. I would be honored to assist you on your path. Call and make an appointment today.
I employ an integrated therapeutic approach grounded toward helping people to help themselves. I provide an accepting, respectful and trusting atmosphere while utilizing the most appropriate methods to meet your unique needs. Change happens in small steps and reaching out takes a lot of courage. I would be honored to assist you on your path. Call and make an appointment today.
(661) 524-0121 View (661) 524-0121

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Lucerne Valley, CA

< 10

Therapists in Lucerne Valley, CA who prioritize treating:

100% Depression
100% Anxiety
100% Trauma and PTSD
67% Relationship Issues
67% Domestic Abuse
67% Spirituality
67% Behavioral Issues

Average years in practice

21 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Aetna
100% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
100% Anthem | Elevance

How Therapists in Lucerne Valley, CA see their clients

67% In Person and Online
33% Online Only

Gender breakdown

100% Female
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Lucerne Valley?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.