Trauma and PTSD Therapists in Los Angeles, CA
I enjoy working with adults, teens, children, and couples, addressing depression, anxiety, transitional age issues, relationship issues, domestic violence, trauma and PTSD, low self-esteem, procrastination, and problematic behaviors.
Life is difficult, and even the strongest and the most intelligent people need help at times. You should be proud of any steps you take towards challenging your fears and self-growth. Therapy is a process that offers a unique opportunity for transformation and growth by guiding you to reflect on your issues, challenge your fears, and develop a greater awareness of what is causing your problems. Overall this is what can help you heal and grow.
I enjoy working with adults, teens, children, and couples, addressing depression, anxiety, transitional age issues, relationship issues, domestic violence, trauma and PTSD, low self-esteem, procrastination, and problematic behaviors.
Life is difficult, and even the strongest and the most intelligent people need help at times. You should be proud of any steps you take towards challenging your fears and self-growth. Therapy is a process that offers a unique opportunity for transformation and growth by guiding you to reflect on your issues, challenge your fears, and develop a greater awareness of what is causing your problems. Overall this is what can help you heal and grow.
Neurofeedback has helped in issues of migraines, asthma, motor imbalances, low blood sugar, tic disorder, inattention, panic attacks, mood and trauma to name a few health benefits.
I have provided mental health services for a wide variety of disorders and diverse populations of children and adults for over 20 years. I am licensed as a Marriage and Family Therapist in multiple states. I use a holistic approaches to facilitate therapeutic change. I infuse my work with elements from evidenced-based interventions, behavioral, cognitive, experiential and psychodynamic therapies, and art therapy. My therapeutic work facilitates the individuals' desired changes using traditional and non-traditional methods, such as art therapy, EMDR, neurofeedback, mindfulness, and interpersonal process therapy.
Neurofeedback has helped in issues of migraines, asthma, motor imbalances, low blood sugar, tic disorder, inattention, panic attacks, mood and trauma to name a few health benefits.
I have provided mental health services for a wide variety of disorders and diverse populations of children and adults for over 20 years. I am licensed as a Marriage and Family Therapist in multiple states. I use a holistic approaches to facilitate therapeutic change. I infuse my work with elements from evidenced-based interventions, behavioral, cognitive, experiential and psychodynamic therapies, and art therapy. My therapeutic work facilitates the individuals' desired changes using traditional and non-traditional methods, such as art therapy, EMDR, neurofeedback, mindfulness, and interpersonal process therapy.
I have had the privilege to work with individuals with generational trauma, grief, ADHD, and relational/familial issues.
When we are exposed to trauma at an early age, it can seriously impact how we feel about ourselves and our relationships with others. Trauma can also profoundly affect whether we feel this is a safe world and can contribute to depression, anxiety, and relational/familial issues. My practice is from a strengths-based, trauma-informed perspective with a non-judgmental framework. I aim to understand clients’ internal responses and to provide more options for emotional regulation and problem-solving.
I have had the privilege to work with individuals with generational trauma, grief, ADHD, and relational/familial issues.
When we are exposed to trauma at an early age, it can seriously impact how we feel about ourselves and our relationships with others. Trauma can also profoundly affect whether we feel this is a safe world and can contribute to depression, anxiety, and relational/familial issues. My practice is from a strengths-based, trauma-informed perspective with a non-judgmental framework. I aim to understand clients’ internal responses and to provide more options for emotional regulation and problem-solving.
I graduated from CSPP in San Francisco and have advanced training in Addiction (including Adult Children of Alcoholics and Co-Dependency) and Trauma (including EMDR and EFT).
Congratulations on taking the first step toward a deeper self awareness! I work with my clients to help them understand how personal challenges like anxiety, depression, addiction or trauma may be influencing their relationships, work, or daily life. My style is interactive, engaged, and non-judgmental while integrating the psychological, emotional, physical and spiritual well being of the whole person. I also feel that it is important to incorporate laughter into the healing process! Once we can find the humor in our human-ness it becomes easier to forgive ourselves and others as we move toward more authentic happiness.
I graduated from CSPP in San Francisco and have advanced training in Addiction (including Adult Children of Alcoholics and Co-Dependency) and Trauma (including EMDR and EFT).
Congratulations on taking the first step toward a deeper self awareness! I work with my clients to help them understand how personal challenges like anxiety, depression, addiction or trauma may be influencing their relationships, work, or daily life. My style is interactive, engaged, and non-judgmental while integrating the psychological, emotional, physical and spiritual well being of the whole person. I also feel that it is important to incorporate laughter into the healing process! Once we can find the humor in our human-ness it becomes easier to forgive ourselves and others as we move toward more authentic happiness.
I have been a therapist since 2000 and have extensive training in the Trauma Resiliency Model (TRM) and Somatic Experiencing as well as being a Licensed Psychologist.
I assist professionals such as attorneys, CEO's and business owners under pressure to deliver and avoid choking in decisive moments. I help them rediscover their creativity and joy, as well as those individuals wanting to have more comfort in their day to day life. If you suffer with career burnout, anxiety, depression, trauma, addictions, relationship issues and/or major life transitions, I can help.
I have been a therapist since 2000 and have extensive training in the Trauma Resiliency Model (TRM) and Somatic Experiencing as well as being a Licensed Psychologist.
I assist professionals such as attorneys, CEO's and business owners under pressure to deliver and avoid choking in decisive moments. I help them rediscover their creativity and joy, as well as those individuals wanting to have more comfort in their day to day life. If you suffer with career burnout, anxiety, depression, trauma, addictions, relationship issues and/or major life transitions, I can help.
Dr. Elizabeth Ollen, PhD, is a licensed clinical psychologist. Her specializations include: trauma/ PTSD (childhood trauma, sexual and physical abuse, religious trauma, medical trauma), anxiety (generalized anxiety, social anxiety, hair pulling/trichotillomania, skin picking, panic, OCD, phobias), and mood (depression, grief, burnout, difficult life transitions). Dr. Ollen has a particular specialization in working with clients on LGBTQ health topics (sexual orientation and gender identity development across the lifespan, medical transition support, surgery readiness evaluations).
Dr. Elizabeth Ollen, PhD, is a licensed clinical psychologist. Her specializations include: trauma/ PTSD (childhood trauma, sexual and physical abuse, religious trauma, medical trauma), anxiety (generalized anxiety, social anxiety, hair pulling/trichotillomania, skin picking, panic, OCD, phobias), and mood (depression, grief, burnout, difficult life transitions). Dr. Ollen has a particular specialization in working with clients on LGBTQ health topics (sexual orientation and gender identity development across the lifespan, medical transition support, surgery readiness evaluations).
Asia McCready
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90071 (Online Only)
Greetings! My name is Asia and I help adult individuals with a history of developmental (childhood) trauma repair attachment injuries and thrive in their present-day relationships. As a team, we collaborate to make sense of these experiences, develop a toolkit of adaptive skills, and establish a safe space to promote post- traumatic growth. My therapeutic style is warm, collaborative, and individualized. You are the expert on your life, and I am here to challenge, guide and support you as you tread your therapeutic journey.
Greetings! My name is Asia and I help adult individuals with a history of developmental (childhood) trauma repair attachment injuries and thrive in their present-day relationships. As a team, we collaborate to make sense of these experiences, develop a toolkit of adaptive skills, and establish a safe space to promote post- traumatic growth. My therapeutic style is warm, collaborative, and individualized. You are the expert on your life, and I am here to challenge, guide and support you as you tread your therapeutic journey.
Reyna Orellana Vega
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90071 (Online Only)
Through these experiences I was trained in multiple modalities including trauma focused interventions (TF-CBT) and parenting (PCIT).
Hi there, I’m a licensed clinical social worker no. 87620 located in California. My passion is to work with clients to heal trauma wounds, improve the caregiver and child bond as well as Perinatal Mood Disorders. Thank you for taking the time to get to know me and my services. I’m a proud Salvadorian and a first-generation college graduate. I graduated from UCLA with a Bachelor’s in Sociology and USC Master of Social Work program.
Through these experiences I was trained in multiple modalities including trauma focused interventions (TF-CBT) and parenting (PCIT).
Hi there, I’m a licensed clinical social worker no. 87620 located in California. My passion is to work with clients to heal trauma wounds, improve the caregiver and child bond as well as Perinatal Mood Disorders. Thank you for taking the time to get to know me and my services. I’m a proud Salvadorian and a first-generation college graduate. I graduated from UCLA with a Bachelor’s in Sociology and USC Master of Social Work program.
Johnny Kim
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90067 (Online Only)
Not dealing with your mental well-being such as anxiety, trauma, depression, and addiction early on can have an insurmountable impact on your personal and professional lives.
Do you ever feel you're drifting through life, not fulfilled or passionate about your relationships, purpose, or career like you used to? Whether it be due to past traumas, toxic and abusive relationships, or lack of self-worth and purpose. Sometimes, we can come to a point in our lives where we feel we're constantly under stress, bored, disconnected, stagnant, and insignificant. If you can resonate with any of these feelings I want to work with you, and create a new sense of fulfillment and passion back into your life, relationships, and career. My approach is direct, clear, and practical with no judgments or shame.
Not dealing with your mental well-being such as anxiety, trauma, depression, and addiction early on can have an insurmountable impact on your personal and professional lives.
Do you ever feel you're drifting through life, not fulfilled or passionate about your relationships, purpose, or career like you used to? Whether it be due to past traumas, toxic and abusive relationships, or lack of self-worth and purpose. Sometimes, we can come to a point in our lives where we feel we're constantly under stress, bored, disconnected, stagnant, and insignificant. If you can resonate with any of these feelings I want to work with you, and create a new sense of fulfillment and passion back into your life, relationships, and career. My approach is direct, clear, and practical with no judgments or shame.
I am EMDR- trained and IFS-informed and approach my clients from a trauma-informed lens.
You are highly insightful and perceptive but find yourself trapped in a cycle of overthinking, self-criticism, or placing the needs of others above your own. Unable to shake the feeling that something is inherently wrong with you or that certain parts of you are unacceptable, you try to numb away this feeling, which might manifest in tendencies such as workaholism, incessantly consuming self-help content, or entering into unhealthy but addictive relationships. You're seeking healing that is in-depth and lasting.
I am EMDR- trained and IFS-informed and approach my clients from a trauma-informed lens.
You are highly insightful and perceptive but find yourself trapped in a cycle of overthinking, self-criticism, or placing the needs of others above your own. Unable to shake the feeling that something is inherently wrong with you or that certain parts of you are unacceptable, you try to numb away this feeling, which might manifest in tendencies such as workaholism, incessantly consuming self-help content, or entering into unhealthy but addictive relationships. You're seeking healing that is in-depth and lasting.
Dr. Marina Costanzo
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90026 (Online Only)
I appreciate working with a diversity of concerns, and specialize in depression, anxiety, identity exploration, stress management, trauma, PTSD, gender & sexuality, meaning-making, toxic stress of oppressions, and healthy relationships (with ourselves & others).
Hi there, I'm Dr. Marina Costanzo. It can be intimidating to enter (or re-enter) therapy with someone new, and face areas of our lives that we’ve been feeling overwhelmed, disconnected, shameful, stressed, or fearful about. I have a warm and non-judgmental approach to therapy, and hope to facilitate compassion, engagement, and empowerment. I will collaborate with you to provide effective tools for coping in the present, opportunities to safely explore the past, and to build hope, satisfaction, and joy for your future. I value working with clients facing all kinds of difficulties, from everyday stressors to larger concerns.
I appreciate working with a diversity of concerns, and specialize in depression, anxiety, identity exploration, stress management, trauma, PTSD, gender & sexuality, meaning-making, toxic stress of oppressions, and healthy relationships (with ourselves & others).
Hi there, I'm Dr. Marina Costanzo. It can be intimidating to enter (or re-enter) therapy with someone new, and face areas of our lives that we’ve been feeling overwhelmed, disconnected, shameful, stressed, or fearful about. I have a warm and non-judgmental approach to therapy, and hope to facilitate compassion, engagement, and empowerment. I will collaborate with you to provide effective tools for coping in the present, opportunities to safely explore the past, and to build hope, satisfaction, and joy for your future. I value working with clients facing all kinds of difficulties, from everyday stressors to larger concerns.
15 Second Videos
Evelyn K Co
Marina Costanzo
Shari Brickin
Sarah McGrew
Charles Johnson
David Quiroz
Angelika Kulyasova
Stara Shakti
Raquel Ross
Jessica Hyatt
Jared Anderson
Tiffany Cuevas
Jeshana Johnson
Negar Khaefi
Larry Levi
Burbank Psychology
Los Angeles Therapy Network
Larissa House
David Ibrahim
Carmen Spears
Hanna Stensby
Chris Peters
Dora Nayely Valencia
Uche Okolie
Lee Ann Teaney
Jennifer Romero
Michael Nutt
Sagebrush Psychotherapy
Dani Reisbaum
Emerald Aueyong
Kate Turnbull
Diana Malouf
Carl D Freeman
Sean Sprigle
Markus Issac Hicks
Laura Minero
Eva Gagnon
Katherine Dautenhahn (Anxiety Trauma Depression Burnout)
Olivia Einbund Gushansky
Meridian Counseling
Tony Madril
Yi-Chun Hsu
Jim Hjort
Julia Gache
Michelle Nosrati
Joshua L Davis
The Pink Moon Healing Collective
Melanie Rashbaum
Meridian Counseling
Rachel Ryan
Shari Brickin
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90068 (Online Only)
I specialize in trauma & PTSD, sexual abuse, anxiety, depression, psychedelic integration, and therapy for therapists.
You've worked so hard to manage the effects of trauma, but sometimes life still feels overwhelming. Maybe when things go wrong you believe it’s always your fault and so you choose to keep your life small. Maybe it’s just too hard to experience any peace or joy because you’re always protecting yourself emotionally from what might go wrong. Maybe it's too difficult to authentically connect to others. Together we’ll go deeper than traditional talk therapy to tap into the wisdom of your body, the various parts of your experience, the expansiveness of your mind, and the science of neurobiology.
I specialize in trauma & PTSD, sexual abuse, anxiety, depression, psychedelic integration, and therapy for therapists.
You've worked so hard to manage the effects of trauma, but sometimes life still feels overwhelming. Maybe when things go wrong you believe it’s always your fault and so you choose to keep your life small. Maybe it’s just too hard to experience any peace or joy because you’re always protecting yourself emotionally from what might go wrong. Maybe it's too difficult to authentically connect to others. Together we’ll go deeper than traditional talk therapy to tap into the wisdom of your body, the various parts of your experience, the expansiveness of your mind, and the science of neurobiology.
Matt Roberts
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90027
I specialize in dealing with OCD, anxiety, and trauma-related issues.
Do you feel like you're continually caught in a struggle with intrusive thoughts or spiraling worry? Maybe you have a cycle of repetitive mental or physical behaviors that only seem to make the problem worse? Do you suspect that you've been struggling with OCD but you've never gotten properly diagnosed or treated? If you've spent years talking about your problems, but still feel trapped in the same hole; or you want to change, but you're not sure how, you are headed in the right direction! I know how frustrating, defeating and draining these battles can be, and I'm here to help.
I specialize in dealing with OCD, anxiety, and trauma-related issues.
Do you feel like you're continually caught in a struggle with intrusive thoughts or spiraling worry? Maybe you have a cycle of repetitive mental or physical behaviors that only seem to make the problem worse? Do you suspect that you've been struggling with OCD but you've never gotten properly diagnosed or treated? If you've spent years talking about your problems, but still feel trapped in the same hole; or you want to change, but you're not sure how, you are headed in the right direction! I know how frustrating, defeating and draining these battles can be, and I'm here to help.
Zully Garcia
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90071 (Online Only)
I specialize in depression, anxiety, trauma, women's and children's issues using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Interpersonal Therapy to help my clients feel better and obtain the results for their life they want.
Hi! My name is Zully Garcia and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist based out of Southern California, but I provide mental health services statewide through telehealth. Are you happy with your life? How well are you coping with your stressors? What changes do you want to make? I work with women, teens and children.
I specialize in depression, anxiety, trauma, women's and children's issues using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Interpersonal Therapy to help my clients feel better and obtain the results for their life they want.
Hi! My name is Zully Garcia and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist based out of Southern California, but I provide mental health services statewide through telehealth. Are you happy with your life? How well are you coping with your stressors? What changes do you want to make? I work with women, teens and children.
Trisha Elise Neimeyer
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90026
Through mindful discussions, humor, philosophical exploration, and trauma-informed ‘parts’ work we will create practices that are useful and sustainable while preserving & strengthening aspects you value.
Together we will work toward the changes you want/need so you can get on living and enjoying your life. I fully believe you deserve to take time to explore these things & also understand time is precious.
Through mindful discussions, humor, philosophical exploration, and trauma-informed ‘parts’ work we will create practices that are useful and sustainable while preserving & strengthening aspects you value.
Together we will work toward the changes you want/need so you can get on living and enjoying your life. I fully believe you deserve to take time to explore these things & also understand time is precious.
Kelly L Hyde
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC, PhD
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90071 (Online Only)
My areas of expertise include of trauma-present day and developmental, PTSD, mood disorders, LGBTQ, relationship issues, family functioning, stress and grief, although I've worked in other areas of mental health as well.
I have over 17 years of experience providing psychotherapy to adults, couples, and adolescents. I started my career at John's Hopkins Hospital working as a clinician in the Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry. I’ve also worked on interdisciplinary clinical mental health teams in schools, treatment centers and in private practice.
My areas of expertise include of trauma-present day and developmental, PTSD, mood disorders, LGBTQ, relationship issues, family functioning, stress and grief, although I've worked in other areas of mental health as well.
I have over 17 years of experience providing psychotherapy to adults, couples, and adolescents. I started my career at John's Hopkins Hospital working as a clinician in the Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry. I’ve also worked on interdisciplinary clinical mental health teams in schools, treatment centers and in private practice.
Some of the areas I specialize in are anxiety, depression, and trauma.
Everyone deserves to feel heard and be validated. Finding some one to talk in an environment where you feel safe and respected can be the first step towards that. I provide Individual therapy and family therapy to adults, teens, and children. I believe in the importance of connecting with clients to build a strong, trusting therapeutic relationship. My mission is to help clients expand their inner strengths and skills to work toward improved emotional health and well-being.
Some of the areas I specialize in are anxiety, depression, and trauma.
Everyone deserves to feel heard and be validated. Finding some one to talk in an environment where you feel safe and respected can be the first step towards that. I provide Individual therapy and family therapy to adults, teens, and children. I believe in the importance of connecting with clients to build a strong, trusting therapeutic relationship. My mission is to help clients expand their inner strengths and skills to work toward improved emotional health and well-being.
Sarah McGrew
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90016 (Online Only)
I use EMDR, TRM ( Trauma Resiliency Model), CBT and other evidence based practices to support our work together.
You are the expert on your life and I believe that therapy is most helpful when it provides a safe space for you to be vulnerable and gain insight into what is not working for you and how to change it. I am transparent and warm and will approach you with compassion, humor, and openness. I'm an expert in trauma treatment with over 10 years working with people in all stages of the life cycle who have experienced traumatic events as well as anxiety, depression, anger, interpersonal and relational issues, life transitions, and parent-child and family conflict. I also love working with parents to provide coaching.
I use EMDR, TRM ( Trauma Resiliency Model), CBT and other evidence based practices to support our work together.
You are the expert on your life and I believe that therapy is most helpful when it provides a safe space for you to be vulnerable and gain insight into what is not working for you and how to change it. I am transparent and warm and will approach you with compassion, humor, and openness. I'm an expert in trauma treatment with over 10 years working with people in all stages of the life cycle who have experienced traumatic events as well as anxiety, depression, anger, interpersonal and relational issues, life transitions, and parent-child and family conflict. I also love working with parents to provide coaching.
In addition to having expertise with substance use disorders, I provide therapy for depression, anxiety, trauma, and issues related to singles, dating, love, and relationships.
I believe that psychotherapy can be a process of healing, self-discovery, and a path towards feeling more fully alive. Whether you are trying to alleviate troublesome symptoms, achieve a greater sense of well being, and/or achieve more intimacy and closeness with yourself and others, finding a therapist that is a good fit is an essential first step. Together, we will set goals, explore underlying issues, and work towards emotionally and intellectually understanding what is going on to empower you to create the life that you want.
In addition to having expertise with substance use disorders, I provide therapy for depression, anxiety, trauma, and issues related to singles, dating, love, and relationships.
I believe that psychotherapy can be a process of healing, self-discovery, and a path towards feeling more fully alive. Whether you are trying to alleviate troublesome symptoms, achieve a greater sense of well being, and/or achieve more intimacy and closeness with yourself and others, finding a therapist that is a good fit is an essential first step. Together, we will set goals, explore underlying issues, and work towards emotionally and intellectually understanding what is going on to empower you to create the life that you want.
I provide individual, couples, and group therapy focused on a number of issues with a specialty in addiction and trauma.
I am a clinical psychologist and founder of COPE Psychological Center and I specialize in addiction, trauma, and mood disorders. In addition to my practice, I have also managed a residential treatment program and was former faculty at UCLA. My goal in therapy is to utilize evidence-based treatments to help you understand the parts of your life most impacting you so that you can gain the tools, insights, and skills necessary to live the life you want. I hope to help you write new mental scripts, engage in more intentional behaviors, and ultimately have a new emotional experience that will provide the pathway to the life you want.
I provide individual, couples, and group therapy focused on a number of issues with a specialty in addiction and trauma.
I am a clinical psychologist and founder of COPE Psychological Center and I specialize in addiction, trauma, and mood disorders. In addition to my practice, I have also managed a residential treatment program and was former faculty at UCLA. My goal in therapy is to utilize evidence-based treatments to help you understand the parts of your life most impacting you so that you can gain the tools, insights, and skills necessary to live the life you want. I hope to help you write new mental scripts, engage in more intentional behaviors, and ultimately have a new emotional experience that will provide the pathway to the life you want.
See more therapy options for Los Angeles
Nearby Trauma and PTSD Therapists Searches for Los Angeles
- Baldwin Hills
- Beverly Hills
- Glassell Park
- Hollywood
- Huntington Park
- Leimert Park
- Maywood
- Playa Vista
- Silver Lake
- View Park
- West Hollywood
- Windsor Hills
Trauma and PTSD Therapists
When should I seek treatment for trauma?
Not everyone who undergoes trauma needs therapy to heal, but many do. If, after experiencing a traumatic event, you find yourself struggling with symptoms such as nightmares, dissociation, irritability, or emotional numbness—especially if these symptoms last more than a month and are severe enough to interfere with your daily functioning—you may benefit from seeking out therapy with a trauma-informed provider.
How long does trauma therapy take?
Different types of therapy for trauma unfold on different timelines. Prolonged exposure therapy and cognitive processing therapy, for example, each take about three months, while trauma-informed CBT may last anywhere from 8 to 25 sessions. Other approaches, especially those that are less structured or that incorporate elements from multiple modalities, may be more open-ended, though many patients report feeling better within the first few months of treatment.
What happens if trauma is left untreated?
Unaddressed trauma can have serious—even devastating—effects on relationships, career, and day-to-day functioning. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can lead people to distrust or lash out at others, making it difficult to maintain intimate relationships; it can also trigger symptoms such as flashbacks or hyperreactivity that can interfere with a person’s ability to function effectively, personally and/or professionally. Some sufferers turn to drugs to find relief. Symptoms may lessen on their own with time, but there is no guarantee that PTSD will resolve on its own.
Can PTSD come back after treatment?
It is possible for PTSD symptoms to recur months or years after successful treatment. This is because, like most mental health disorders, it is not possible to “cure” PTSD, and stressful life events may cause symptoms to recur in even the most resilient individuals. There is no shame in re-experiencing PTSD symptoms nor in returning to therapy when such relapses occur; indeed, many forms of trauma therapy explicitly encourage periodic “maintenance sessions” to reinforce coping skills and ensure that symptoms stay manageable.