Borderline Personality (BPD) Therapists in West Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA

Photo of Ciaran Kane Phelps, AMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Ciaran Kane Phelps
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
West Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90034
Waitlist for new clients
My work often centers around folks who are experiencing grief or loss, healing from trauma, navigating life transitions, or experiencing relational challenges. My areas of specialty are neurodivergence (autism, ADHD, etc.), gender exploration, and BPD. I also support folks who are dealing with overwhelming anxiety, depression, dissociation, or cPTSD. I am queer-affirming and trans-affirming. I also have familiarity with spiritual and religious trauma. I bring an anti-oppressive, postmodern, and trauma-informed framework into my work. I support individual adults, kids, families, and couples.
My work often centers around folks who are experiencing grief or loss, healing from trauma, navigating life transitions, or experiencing relational challenges. My areas of specialty are neurodivergence (autism, ADHD, etc.), gender exploration, and BPD. I also support folks who are dealing with overwhelming anxiety, depression, dissociation, or cPTSD. I am queer-affirming and trans-affirming. I also have familiarity with spiritual and religious trauma. I bring an anti-oppressive, postmodern, and trauma-informed framework into my work. I support individual adults, kids, families, and couples.
(424) 363-4350 View (424) 363-4350
Photo of Dr. Kelly A Williams, PsyD, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Dr. Kelly A Williams
Marriage & Family Therapist, PsyD, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
West Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90064
Welcome! I want you to know that engaging in counseling is not an admission of failure. On the contrary, it is a bold statement of growth and strength. I specialize in Borderline Personality Disorder, Couples and Marital Counseling, and Trauma. Most of my clients find me easy to talk to and appreciate my practical and relational approach to treatment. Call for a free consultation - ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS. I accept Private Payors, Cigna, Blue Shield of California, Magellan, United Healthcare, and Optum Health Insurance.
Welcome! I want you to know that engaging in counseling is not an admission of failure. On the contrary, it is a bold statement of growth and strength. I specialize in Borderline Personality Disorder, Couples and Marital Counseling, and Trauma. Most of my clients find me easy to talk to and appreciate my practical and relational approach to treatment. Call for a free consultation - ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS. I accept Private Payors, Cigna, Blue Shield of California, Magellan, United Healthcare, and Optum Health Insurance.
(818) 287-0456 View (818) 287-0456
Photo of Alyson DiRocco Fisher, PsyD, Psychologist
Alyson DiRocco Fisher
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
West Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90034
I specialize in treating bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder, depression, and anxiety.
Connecting with the right therapist can be challenging. As a clinician, I strive to empower clients to make meaningful changes, while also helping them hold self-compassion in the process. I ground my work in evidence-based therapies, and use an in-depth case conceptualization to understand how problems are getting in the way of the life my clients want to lead.
I specialize in treating bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder, depression, and anxiety.
Connecting with the right therapist can be challenging. As a clinician, I strive to empower clients to make meaningful changes, while also helping them hold self-compassion in the process. I ground my work in evidence-based therapies, and use an in-depth case conceptualization to understand how problems are getting in the way of the life my clients want to lead.
(310) 564-0785 View (310) 564-0785
Photo of Dr. Yamonte Cooper, EdD, LPCC, NCC, CST
Dr. Yamonte Cooper
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, EdD, LPCC, NCC, CST
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
West Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90025
With 20+ years of counseling experience, I offer psychotherapy and sex therapy for adults and couples of diverse backgrounds dealing with relationship difficulties, sexual dysfunctions, gender & sexual identity, trauma, depression & anxiety, borderline personality, grief, and other mental health problems.
Are you desperate to feel love and connection in your relationship while feeling hopeless and alone? Do you feel anxious or sad? Maybe you want to strengthen your relationship? Do you want to have greater communication and understanding? Maybe your relationship needs a shift to create change and healing? Are you tired of suffering and being in pain? If so, I would like to collaborate and help you with your relationship or individually while empowering you to live your best life!
With 20+ years of counseling experience, I offer psychotherapy and sex therapy for adults and couples of diverse backgrounds dealing with relationship difficulties, sexual dysfunctions, gender & sexual identity, trauma, depression & anxiety, borderline personality, grief, and other mental health problems.
Are you desperate to feel love and connection in your relationship while feeling hopeless and alone? Do you feel anxious or sad? Maybe you want to strengthen your relationship? Do you want to have greater communication and understanding? Maybe your relationship needs a shift to create change and healing? Are you tired of suffering and being in pain? If so, I would like to collaborate and help you with your relationship or individually while empowering you to live your best life!
(310) 912-7610 View (310) 912-7610
Photo of Alex J. Russan, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Alex J. Russan
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
West Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90034
I work with a range of experiences, including anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, OCD, borderline and narcissistic states, addictions, and recovery from profound trauma.
I am interested in helping people figure out whatever it is they need to figure out; in getting unstuck from wherever they find themselves stuck. I create an empathetic, supportive and trauma informed environment to help you see and challenge self-defeating patterns and beliefs, to find more satisfying ways to live and interact with others. I provide a unique therapeutic experience for each client, based on their individual needs, working primarily from a psychodynamic/analytic lens, integrating aspects of ERP (Exposure Response Prevention), mindfulness and existential therapy.
I work with a range of experiences, including anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, OCD, borderline and narcissistic states, addictions, and recovery from profound trauma.
I am interested in helping people figure out whatever it is they need to figure out; in getting unstuck from wherever they find themselves stuck. I create an empathetic, supportive and trauma informed environment to help you see and challenge self-defeating patterns and beliefs, to find more satisfying ways to live and interact with others. I provide a unique therapeutic experience for each client, based on their individual needs, working primarily from a psychodynamic/analytic lens, integrating aspects of ERP (Exposure Response Prevention), mindfulness and existential therapy.
(323) 792-1835 View (323) 792-1835
Photo of Diane DeMartino, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Diane DeMartino
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
West Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90025
I love working with passionate, creative, and sensitive professionals, as well as young adults navigating difficult challenges. These unique individuals often experience sensory overload and overwhelm, and they seek ways to create more manageable and meaningful lives where their talents can truly shine. They aim to better understand and regulate their emotions, boost self-respect, set healthy boundaries, improve relationships, find balance, and cultivate a sense of purpose. They are looking for genuine self-care and aspire to build an authentic life that reflects their true strengths and dreams.
I love working with passionate, creative, and sensitive professionals, as well as young adults navigating difficult challenges. These unique individuals often experience sensory overload and overwhelm, and they seek ways to create more manageable and meaningful lives where their talents can truly shine. They aim to better understand and regulate their emotions, boost self-respect, set healthy boundaries, improve relationships, find balance, and cultivate a sense of purpose. They are looking for genuine self-care and aspire to build an authentic life that reflects their true strengths and dreams.
(323) 991-8392 View (323) 991-8392
Photo of Daniel-Ardeshir Ravanshenas, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Daniel-Ardeshir Ravanshenas
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
West Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90064
Affordable and accessible therapy is a necessity. I have two main concentrations to my practice: 1) I work with those interested in a confidential therapeutic setting to resolve complex psychological states and feelings (such as anxiety, depression, addiction, eating disorders, trauma, childhood, relationship difficulties, personal grief, fear, shame, worthlessness, and existential questions about meaning-in-life). 2) I work in a consultant capacity for individuals with prescribed short-term, career-minded professional goals (public speaking, presentations, social skills, deadlines, writer's block, and management strategies).
Affordable and accessible therapy is a necessity. I have two main concentrations to my practice: 1) I work with those interested in a confidential therapeutic setting to resolve complex psychological states and feelings (such as anxiety, depression, addiction, eating disorders, trauma, childhood, relationship difficulties, personal grief, fear, shame, worthlessness, and existential questions about meaning-in-life). 2) I work in a consultant capacity for individuals with prescribed short-term, career-minded professional goals (public speaking, presentations, social skills, deadlines, writer's block, and management strategies).
(424) 353-3211 View (424) 353-3211
Photo of Ashley Pezeshkifar, LMFT, CPC, MA, Marriage & Family Therapist
Ashley Pezeshkifar
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CPC, MA
Verified Verified
West Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90025  (Online Only)
My work enables the client to become aware of emotions and resources as they learn techniques for self-management, communication & resourcefulness. Building emotional resilience is key towards achieving a balanced life. I work with the conscious & subconscious mind, while helping gain self-awareness to understand that self-limiting behaviors are caused by thoughts, feelings & beliefs of which you may be unaware. I help build awareness & empowerment during your journey. The motivations and process of therapy are unique to each individual. My practice includes work with individuals, couples, families, children, geriatrics, & groups.
My work enables the client to become aware of emotions and resources as they learn techniques for self-management, communication & resourcefulness. Building emotional resilience is key towards achieving a balanced life. I work with the conscious & subconscious mind, while helping gain self-awareness to understand that self-limiting behaviors are caused by thoughts, feelings & beliefs of which you may be unaware. I help build awareness & empowerment during your journey. The motivations and process of therapy are unique to each individual. My practice includes work with individuals, couples, families, children, geriatrics, & groups.
(424) 369-6133 View (424) 369-6133
Photo of Jenny J Rivera Cruz, MSW, LCSW, 85335, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jenny J Rivera Cruz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, 85335
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
West Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90034  (Online Only)
I am an LCSW counselor licensed in California with over 10 years of experience working as a therapist and currently as a program manager. I have worked with clients with a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, parenting problems, grief and loss, PTSD and non traditional group/services (drumming, mindfulness groups, grief and loss groups, parenting group, adjustment/life changes groups. I also helped many people who have experienced physical/sexual abuse trauma or emotional abuse. Empowering individuals through finding their inner strengths to live a better quality of life is my forte.
I am an LCSW counselor licensed in California with over 10 years of experience working as a therapist and currently as a program manager. I have worked with clients with a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, parenting problems, grief and loss, PTSD and non traditional group/services (drumming, mindfulness groups, grief and loss groups, parenting group, adjustment/life changes groups. I also helped many people who have experienced physical/sexual abuse trauma or emotional abuse. Empowering individuals through finding their inner strengths to live a better quality of life is my forte.
(310) 361-1660 View (310) 361-1660
Photo of Sheri Lynn Kane, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Sheri Lynn Kane
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
West Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90025
You are exhausted, anxious, and depressed. You want someone who can understand you and help you find the relief you deserve. I can teach you why you feel the way you do and why your body and mind respond the way they do. If you are ready to regain your life and feel whole again, call me, I can help!
You are exhausted, anxious, and depressed. You want someone who can understand you and help you find the relief you deserve. I can teach you why you feel the way you do and why your body and mind respond the way they do. If you are ready to regain your life and feel whole again, call me, I can help!
(424) 353-2855 View (424) 353-2855
Photo of Kerri Karlsen, LMFT, MA, Marriage & Family Therapist
Kerri Karlsen
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
West Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90034  (Online Only)
Therapy is a deeply personal, multifaceted journey inward in an already complex world. To those who choose to venture down this road, the process can leave one feeling emotional and vulnerable, but it will also be healing, enlightening and enriching. Taking steps down this path is a virtuous act and I am here to honor you and your process. Together we will gently explore what may be causing you pain. Healing is at the heart of my practice - what you will experience with me is empathy, non-judgmental compassion, and authenticity. My therapeutic style is warm, energetic and engaged.
Therapy is a deeply personal, multifaceted journey inward in an already complex world. To those who choose to venture down this road, the process can leave one feeling emotional and vulnerable, but it will also be healing, enlightening and enriching. Taking steps down this path is a virtuous act and I am here to honor you and your process. Together we will gently explore what may be causing you pain. Healing is at the heart of my practice - what you will experience with me is empathy, non-judgmental compassion, and authenticity. My therapeutic style is warm, energetic and engaged.
(747) 204-3313 View (747) 204-3313
Photo of Kathleen W Gray, PsyD, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Kathleen W Gray
Marriage & Family Therapist, PsyD, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
West Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90064  (Online Only)
I want to help you have a happier life. People usually come to therapy w/ a problem that they are unable to solve on their own. I respect the work you have already done to try to get unstuck. What I offer is the possibility for new & imaginative ways of thinking about your dilemmas & a positive & supportive place to try out different ways of being in the world. With respect for your past, the work in our therapy is focused on the present and a "where do we go from here" perspective.
I want to help you have a happier life. People usually come to therapy w/ a problem that they are unable to solve on their own. I respect the work you have already done to try to get unstuck. What I offer is the possibility for new & imaginative ways of thinking about your dilemmas & a positive & supportive place to try out different ways of being in the world. With respect for your past, the work in our therapy is focused on the present and a "where do we go from here" perspective.
(424) 625-2229 View (424) 625-2229
Photo of Eran Solomon, MA, LMFT, RDT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Eran Solomon
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, RDT
Verified Verified
West Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90025
Thank you for viewing my profile. If you feel anxious, sad or perhaps you struggle with one or more of your relationships, you are not alone. Together, we will work on gaining a better understanding of yourself, what motivates you to do the things you do, and explore the dynamics of your interpersonal relationships. In a direct, warm and gentle approach, I will help you explore your internal obstacles and together, we will work through them. Please feel free to reach out with any questions that you may have and/or to set up an initial consultation.
Thank you for viewing my profile. If you feel anxious, sad or perhaps you struggle with one or more of your relationships, you are not alone. Together, we will work on gaining a better understanding of yourself, what motivates you to do the things you do, and explore the dynamics of your interpersonal relationships. In a direct, warm and gentle approach, I will help you explore your internal obstacles and together, we will work through them. Please feel free to reach out with any questions that you may have and/or to set up an initial consultation.
(323) 736-5038 View (323) 736-5038
Photo of Hannah Bystritsky Johnson, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Hannah Bystritsky Johnson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
West Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024
Life is filled with challenges that can can sometimes feel like too much for one person to manage on their own. If you’re struggling or feeling stuck and overwhelmed you may also be feeling alone. I’m here to walk along side you and help you explore what is underneath. With a compassionate and evidence-based approach, I provide an individualized treatment plan designed to address each person's unique symptoms and needs. My practice focuses on creating a safe and non-judgemental space to help you work towards reaching your goals.
Life is filled with challenges that can can sometimes feel like too much for one person to manage on their own. If you’re struggling or feeling stuck and overwhelmed you may also be feeling alone. I’m here to walk along side you and help you explore what is underneath. With a compassionate and evidence-based approach, I provide an individualized treatment plan designed to address each person's unique symptoms and needs. My practice focuses on creating a safe and non-judgemental space to help you work towards reaching your goals.
(310) 929-6279 View (310) 929-6279
Photo of Elan Javanfard, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Elan Javanfard
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
West Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90035
Elan Javanfard is a Psychotherapist (LMFT # 87054) who specializes in reintegrating the whole self, by utilizing present focused methods of discovery and coping. By using evidence-based theories and psychodynamic practices, Mr. Javanfard assists all clients alike to bridge the past and the future to create a more positive present. Mr. Javanfard is skilled in a variety of interventions ranging from distress tolerance to interpersonal effectiveness.
Elan Javanfard is a Psychotherapist (LMFT # 87054) who specializes in reintegrating the whole self, by utilizing present focused methods of discovery and coping. By using evidence-based theories and psychodynamic practices, Mr. Javanfard assists all clients alike to bridge the past and the future to create a more positive present. Mr. Javanfard is skilled in a variety of interventions ranging from distress tolerance to interpersonal effectiveness.
(424) 322-6309 View (424) 322-6309
Photo of Emily Rebecca Ward, AMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Emily Rebecca Ward
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
9 Endorsed
West Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90064  (Online Only)
Are you ready to stop feeling anxious and/or depressed? Do you want to learn skills to calm your racing mind? Do you remember a time when anxiety, depression, & personal issues weren’t a part of your daily life? I can give you the tools and coping skills to change this. I help children/teenagers, couples, and individuals just like you: ones that have it within them to learn how to cope with their anxiety or depression and go back to living life the way that they remember it. I can support you on your journey towards feeling more self-confident, happy, fulfilled. I can help to guide you to a better understanding of yourself & others.
Are you ready to stop feeling anxious and/or depressed? Do you want to learn skills to calm your racing mind? Do you remember a time when anxiety, depression, & personal issues weren’t a part of your daily life? I can give you the tools and coping skills to change this. I help children/teenagers, couples, and individuals just like you: ones that have it within them to learn how to cope with their anxiety or depression and go back to living life the way that they remember it. I can support you on your journey towards feeling more self-confident, happy, fulfilled. I can help to guide you to a better understanding of yourself & others.
(310) 564-0604 View (310) 564-0604
Photo of Danielle Kayne-O’Gilvie, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Danielle Kayne-O’Gilvie
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
West Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90025
My approach is built upon warmth and collaboration, aiming to address challenges within a safe environment. Together, we will work to understand into your difficulties, nurturing self-compassion and embracing acceptance, while seeking avenues toward constructive change and breaking unhelpful patterns. Whether you are struggling with depression, anxiety, life transitions, emotional struggles, staying grounded in the present, relationship stressors, or managing distress, our sessions provide a space to explore past experiences while acquiring coping mechanisms for present stressors and building towards a fulfilling future.
My approach is built upon warmth and collaboration, aiming to address challenges within a safe environment. Together, we will work to understand into your difficulties, nurturing self-compassion and embracing acceptance, while seeking avenues toward constructive change and breaking unhelpful patterns. Whether you are struggling with depression, anxiety, life transitions, emotional struggles, staying grounded in the present, relationship stressors, or managing distress, our sessions provide a space to explore past experiences while acquiring coping mechanisms for present stressors and building towards a fulfilling future.
(424) 321-8755 View (424) 321-8755
Photo of Mark Papp, PsyD, MA, Psychologist
Mark Papp
Psychologist, PsyD, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
West Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90034  (Online Only)
Dr. Papp works with adults 18 years and older, as well as couples and families. He approaches his work with each client in a unique manner, incorporating a non-judgmental perspective alongside psychodynamic elements. He assists clients in helping them to understand ties between their current challenges and past experiences, identifying significant relational patterns and tendencies.
Dr. Papp works with adults 18 years and older, as well as couples and families. He approaches his work with each client in a unique manner, incorporating a non-judgmental perspective alongside psychodynamic elements. He assists clients in helping them to understand ties between their current challenges and past experiences, identifying significant relational patterns and tendencies.
(424) 272-0781 View (424) 272-0781
Photo of Arielle Hanien, Rabbi, PsyD, SEP, Pre-Licensed Professional
Arielle Hanien
Pre-Licensed Professional, Rabbi, PsyD, SEP
Verified Verified
West Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90064
You deserve the support you need. When we are struggling with anxiety, PTSD, personal or relationship transitions, life can feel especially difficult. Experiences of trauma, changes in our identity and relationships, legal or learning challenges can sometimes be overwhelming--even long after they happen. Often, beliefs that once provided guidance or comfort change, leaving us feel even more lost at sea. Yet deep within, we all have access to a feeling of our aliveness that can help us navigate these rough spots. Our work offers you safety and caring to bolster your strengths, recover your joy, and find your inner knowing once again.
You deserve the support you need. When we are struggling with anxiety, PTSD, personal or relationship transitions, life can feel especially difficult. Experiences of trauma, changes in our identity and relationships, legal or learning challenges can sometimes be overwhelming--even long after they happen. Often, beliefs that once provided guidance or comfort change, leaving us feel even more lost at sea. Yet deep within, we all have access to a feeling of our aliveness that can help us navigate these rough spots. Our work offers you safety and caring to bolster your strengths, recover your joy, and find your inner knowing once again.
(424) 397-1961 View (424) 397-1961
Photo of Julie Markowitz, LCSW, MBA, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Julie Markowitz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MBA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
West Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90025  (Online Only)
I believe in all people’s innate capacity to heal. To me, all symptoms that we experience whether it be chronic pain, anxiety, depression, panic attacks, etc can be explained by trauma. Trauma does not have to be big events. Trauma can be if we are not attuned to emotionally as children or if our parents have their own unprocessed trauma—this sort of trauma often leads to deep seeded beliefs that we are unloveable and bad. Our healing comes from teaching our parts that we are loveable and accepted just as we are.
I believe in all people’s innate capacity to heal. To me, all symptoms that we experience whether it be chronic pain, anxiety, depression, panic attacks, etc can be explained by trauma. Trauma does not have to be big events. Trauma can be if we are not attuned to emotionally as children or if our parents have their own unprocessed trauma—this sort of trauma often leads to deep seeded beliefs that we are unloveable and bad. Our healing comes from teaching our parts that we are loveable and accepted just as we are.
(323) 576-4632 View (323) 576-4632
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Borderline Personality (BPD) Therapists

What is the most successful approach to treating borderline personality disorder?

Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is considered the gold standard of treatment for borderline personality disorder. An evidence-based treatment, it addresses the extreme emotional reactivity, the relationship difficulties, and the acts of self-harm that create so much distress for BPD patients. DBT is a comprehensive program that includes both regular individual psychotherapy sessions and weekly group sessions of skills training.

What happens in treatment of borderline personality disorder?

Treatment typically consists of weekly individual therapy sessions that last an hour and group skill-focused instructional sessions that may last up to two hours. Patients are typically given homework “assignments” in which they are asked to practice in their daily life the skills they acquire in therapy. Patients also keep a diary tracking their emotions and impulses as a way to know which situations are most problematic and to help them gain control over their own behavior. Difficult situations and feelings are typically reviewed in therapy sessions and more constructive solutions found.

What kinds of problems does BPD treatment help with?

DBT was initially developed to dampen the self-destructive impulses of chronically suicidal patients. It is now the treatment of choice for borderline personality disorder, a serious condition marked by extreme emotional reactivity, relationship instability, and self-injurious behaviors. Treatment of BPD helps patients tolerate the flux of emotions without acting on them, often with a specific focus on tolerating negative emotions. DBT addresses the core problems of BPD—fear of abandonment, low self-esteem, and impulsivity.

What is the goal of treatment in borderline personality disorder?

The goal of treatment for borderline personality disorder (BPD) is to relieve the extreme emotional distress that patients experience—to curb their emotional reactivity, to minimize their inclination to self-harm, and to reduce their impulsivity. Toward these ends, patients are not only taught an array of new coping skills and techniques for emotional regulation, they are given opportunities to practice them. Another major goal of treatment is interpersonal effectiveness; patients learn and problem-solve ways to effectively communicate in relationships, especially how to ask for what they need as a way to minimize hurt feelings.