Parent-Child Interaction (PCIT) Therapists in Long Beach, CA
![Photo of Lori Mattingly, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/e8275a7f-efd6-404f-8dc3-98c7c6459566/1/320x400.jpeg)
Lori Mattingly
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Long Beach, CA 90808
Waitlist for new clients
My specialties include working with clients to identify and process trauma, improve communication, and increase positive parent-child interactions.
Do you struggle to open up with others? To feel emotions deeply? To understand others? I welcome you into a space to bravely uncover and acknowledge your hardest moments in life, to be curious, to process, and to find freedom and empowerment in redefining yourself, your life and your future.
My specialties include working with clients to identify and process trauma, improve communication, and increase positive parent-child interactions.
Do you struggle to open up with others? To feel emotions deeply? To understand others? I welcome you into a space to bravely uncover and acknowledge your hardest moments in life, to be curious, to process, and to find freedom and empowerment in redefining yourself, your life and your future.
![Photo of Vanessa Miller, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/64408e6a-e082-41b8-99ba-977c4efbddd6/3/320x400.jpeg)
I am a trauma informed therapist who utilizes a variety of therapeutic modalities such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Somatic Experiencing, Solution-Focused Therapy and Parent-Child Interaction Therapy to provide clients with various interventions/practices that facilitate accomplishment of their goals.
What is your story? Listening to people’s stories and being a part of their unique journey has always been my passion. The ability to share personal information is not always easy and being open to guidance may not always be natural. I strive to create a supportive environment in which this process becomes more comfortable. My professional experience is centered around working with individuals, children, adolescents and their families.
I am a trauma informed therapist who utilizes a variety of therapeutic modalities such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Somatic Experiencing, Solution-Focused Therapy and Parent-Child Interaction Therapy to provide clients with various interventions/practices that facilitate accomplishment of their goals.
What is your story? Listening to people’s stories and being a part of their unique journey has always been my passion. The ability to share personal information is not always easy and being open to guidance may not always be natural. I strive to create a supportive environment in which this process becomes more comfortable. My professional experience is centered around working with individuals, children, adolescents and their families.
![Photo of Vanessa K. Patterson, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/4fe8a4cd-6c5e-4884-be8d-1f40e789650f/2/320x400.jpeg)
Vanessa K. Patterson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Long Beach, CA 90815
I am certified in PCIT and I work with parents of preschool age children drawing from the latest neuroscience related to a child's developing brain.
Hello and welcome! Finding the right therapist can be a challenging task and I want to acknowledge your courage for taking the first step towards creating vital change in your life. When reaching out for help, we all want to feel at ease and comfortable; working with someone free of judgement who treats us with kindness and respect. I am very easy to talk to and my aim is to assist you in obtaining a more meaningful and fulfilling life. I have been working with children, adults, teenagers, families and couples for over 10 years.
I am certified in PCIT and I work with parents of preschool age children drawing from the latest neuroscience related to a child's developing brain.
Hello and welcome! Finding the right therapist can be a challenging task and I want to acknowledge your courage for taking the first step towards creating vital change in your life. When reaching out for help, we all want to feel at ease and comfortable; working with someone free of judgement who treats us with kindness and respect. I am very easy to talk to and my aim is to assist you in obtaining a more meaningful and fulfilling life. I have been working with children, adults, teenagers, families and couples for over 10 years.
![Photo of Lori Lynn Mann, LMFT, PsyD, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/ce9f6262-e142-4c59-9eee-3fc693719691/2/320x400.jpeg)
Week of 9/4/24: 4 openings this week! Text now to book: 949-292-9673. I'm here for you. Let me be your ally as you walk through your journey. I come from a place of zero judgment and complete compassion. My work as a therapist lends itself to an ability to connect with your inner experience and in your relationship with yourself, with others, and with circumstance. I will be with you every step of the way and will be help you to navigate your roadmap.
Week of 9/4/24: 4 openings this week! Text now to book: 949-292-9673. I'm here for you. Let me be your ally as you walk through your journey. I come from a place of zero judgment and complete compassion. My work as a therapist lends itself to an ability to connect with your inner experience and in your relationship with yourself, with others, and with circumstance. I will be with you every step of the way and will be help you to navigate your roadmap.
![Photo of Vanessa Sedano, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/e0f5390b-a0e0-4be7-9986-24f7ad4242ae/1/320x400.jpeg)
Vanessa Sedano
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Long Beach, CA 90807
I work with a wide range of communities and take an individualized approach to care. Young adults on a quest for clarity amidst life's uncertainties. Individuals gracefully bridging the gap between two cultures and embracing their diverse identities. Couples desiring to dismantle destructive patterns, foster healthy communication, and nurture a profound and lasting bond. Individuals courageously confronting chronic pain and illness, seeking solace and healing. Caregivers wanting to unlearn harmful parenting styles and step away from dynamics that don’t serve them.
I work with a wide range of communities and take an individualized approach to care. Young adults on a quest for clarity amidst life's uncertainties. Individuals gracefully bridging the gap between two cultures and embracing their diverse identities. Couples desiring to dismantle destructive patterns, foster healthy communication, and nurture a profound and lasting bond. Individuals courageously confronting chronic pain and illness, seeking solace and healing. Caregivers wanting to unlearn harmful parenting styles and step away from dynamics that don’t serve them.
![Photo of Susana Marroquin, LMFT, PsyD, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/49910603-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/3/320x400.jpeg)
We all carry wounds and pain with us that can weigh us down, preventing us from becoming the person or mother we want to be. The moment we begin to heal those wounds, we blossom and grow into the individual we are capable of becoming. If you are feeling anxious, depressed, angry, stuck, resentful, unable to communicate needs and have positive relationships with others or yourself, you need professional support to help you unravel what is keeping you from reaching your full potential. I have 15 years experience working with mothers, children, families, couples, individuals of all backgrounds.
We all carry wounds and pain with us that can weigh us down, preventing us from becoming the person or mother we want to be. The moment we begin to heal those wounds, we blossom and grow into the individual we are capable of becoming. If you are feeling anxious, depressed, angry, stuck, resentful, unable to communicate needs and have positive relationships with others or yourself, you need professional support to help you unravel what is keeping you from reaching your full potential. I have 15 years experience working with mothers, children, families, couples, individuals of all backgrounds.
![Photo of Aline Inocencio, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/384cc8b6-d2c3-48f0-a35f-35208bb73d23/1/320x400.jpeg)
I find it beautiful when people are unapologetically who they are! I believe that our scars and deepest fears have a way in shaping us to be exactly who we are meant to be in this life, and on our journey to self-fulfillment. I hope to help you navigate life so that you find happiness in who you are. I'll meet you with gratitude for the opportunity, and trust that together we can work through the aspects of your life that hinder your ability to feel happy. Reiki III Master energy healer. Sou originalmente do Brasil, e ofereço sessōes de terapia em português.
I find it beautiful when people are unapologetically who they are! I believe that our scars and deepest fears have a way in shaping us to be exactly who we are meant to be in this life, and on our journey to self-fulfillment. I hope to help you navigate life so that you find happiness in who you are. I'll meet you with gratitude for the opportunity, and trust that together we can work through the aspects of your life that hinder your ability to feel happy. Reiki III Master energy healer. Sou originalmente do Brasil, e ofereço sessōes de terapia em português.
![Photo of Jennifer C Cohen, MACL, LMFT, C-IAYT, RYT 500, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/fc533485-bd68-47a1-8125-a4a45fd0092d/1/320x400.png)
Jennifer C Cohen
Marriage & Family Therapist, MACL, LMFT, C-IAYT, RYT 500
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Long Beach, CA 90802 (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
My general frame work is that you cannot separate the body from the mind nor can you separate a person from their life time of experiences, therefore working with all of these systems is a highly effective way to improve happiness, decrease anxiety and stress, and increase coping skills to manage life with more ease and improved relationships. Now offering emergency Intensive Couples Counseling! I work well with individuals and couples who are seeking to learn more holistic ways to address their emotional and relational challenges whether they be family of origin issues, trauma, chronic illness, anxiety, or depression.
My general frame work is that you cannot separate the body from the mind nor can you separate a person from their life time of experiences, therefore working with all of these systems is a highly effective way to improve happiness, decrease anxiety and stress, and increase coping skills to manage life with more ease and improved relationships. Now offering emergency Intensive Couples Counseling! I work well with individuals and couples who are seeking to learn more holistic ways to address their emotional and relational challenges whether they be family of origin issues, trauma, chronic illness, anxiety, or depression.
![Photo of Briana Barrera, Pre-Licensed Professional](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/2bdebdc5-d41c-4fea-8161-ee3e0a2bebd3/3/320x400.jpeg)
Briana is extremely compassionate, attuned, non-judgmental, and deeply cares about her clients. She is an advanced practitioner in CBT, DBT, and EMDR Phase I-III. She most recently worked as a psychotherapist at Mental Health America Los Angeles Wellness Center (MHALA) and was widely loved by her clients. Briana has worked with depression, anxiety, mood disorders, trauma, family crisis, and relationship conflicts.
Briana is extremely compassionate, attuned, non-judgmental, and deeply cares about her clients. She is an advanced practitioner in CBT, DBT, and EMDR Phase I-III. She most recently worked as a psychotherapist at Mental Health America Los Angeles Wellness Center (MHALA) and was widely loved by her clients. Briana has worked with depression, anxiety, mood disorders, trauma, family crisis, and relationship conflicts.
![Photo of Veronica Calkins, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/c1e4672f-bd0d-4394-a73f-6c782ed689bf/2/320x400.jpeg)
A Licensed Psychotherapist specializing in trauma, crisis, grief, anxiety, depression, and relationships. Veronica provides an empathetic and caring environment to work through challenges without judgment. Veronica obtained her B.A. in Psychology with a minor in Applied Developmental Psychology and Master’s in Social Welfare at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). She is trained in CBT, DBT, and family and couples therapy. She is also certified in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and the administration of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and Deep-Brain Theta Stimulation.
A Licensed Psychotherapist specializing in trauma, crisis, grief, anxiety, depression, and relationships. Veronica provides an empathetic and caring environment to work through challenges without judgment. Veronica obtained her B.A. in Psychology with a minor in Applied Developmental Psychology and Master’s in Social Welfare at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). She is trained in CBT, DBT, and family and couples therapy. She is also certified in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and the administration of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and Deep-Brain Theta Stimulation.
![Photo of Melanie Maddox, ASW, EMDR](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/156f5f3c-98df-4aa1-baf3-084fe119945e/1/320x400.png)
Are you experiencing challenges in dealing with anxiety, depression, and traumatic experiences? Do you struggle with effective communication and setting boundaries in your relationships with others? Life often presents obstacles and difficulties that might lead to these difficulties without proper tools, resources, and guidance. I utilize CBT, DBT, ACT, and Trauma-informed care to help you manage symptoms and promote healing and growth. With a deep appreciation for the uniqueness of each client and their lived experiences, I foster a collaborative and inclusive therapeutic environment.
Are you experiencing challenges in dealing with anxiety, depression, and traumatic experiences? Do you struggle with effective communication and setting boundaries in your relationships with others? Life often presents obstacles and difficulties that might lead to these difficulties without proper tools, resources, and guidance. I utilize CBT, DBT, ACT, and Trauma-informed care to help you manage symptoms and promote healing and growth. With a deep appreciation for the uniqueness of each client and their lived experiences, I foster a collaborative and inclusive therapeutic environment.
15 Second Videos
Vanessa K. Patterson
Jennifer C Cohen
Windows of Hope Counseling Center
Nadeshda Hernandez
Nikki Anavim
Odette Boyd
![Photo of Wendy Ferguson, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/d033af94-53f4-4d4b-8ac8-466eb94de206/1/320x400.jpeg)
Wendy Ferguson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Long Beach, CA 90804 (Online Only)
Are you feeling stuck, depressed, anxious or overwhelmed? Taking steps in making meaningful change can be intimidating, so congratulate yourself in this journey. I offer Ketamine Assisted Psychotherapy (KAP) through Journey Clinical, which can help you navigate through previous traumas, process current struggles and find emotional relief by disassociating the mind with ketamine’s trance-inducing properties. This glimpse into the subconscious help individuals work through unveiled deep rooted barriers gifting greater motivation for change through a peaceful and empowering new lens to life.
Are you feeling stuck, depressed, anxious or overwhelmed? Taking steps in making meaningful change can be intimidating, so congratulate yourself in this journey. I offer Ketamine Assisted Psychotherapy (KAP) through Journey Clinical, which can help you navigate through previous traumas, process current struggles and find emotional relief by disassociating the mind with ketamine’s trance-inducing properties. This glimpse into the subconscious help individuals work through unveiled deep rooted barriers gifting greater motivation for change through a peaceful and empowering new lens to life.
![Photo of Corinne Towery, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/67ae9f31-3df1-4c7c-939f-e66074a2052f/2/320x400.jpeg)
Corinne Towery
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Long Beach, CA 90804
Feeling understood, supported, and safe are key aspects of the therapeutic relationship. The process of therapy also includes developing and enhancing self understanding. Together, we can explore and understand difficult issues in your life and gain a deeper understanding of your situation. Through this process, we can begin to offer you new emotional experiences and provide you with skills to improve your relationships with others and yourself. In a safe setting with warmth and engagement, I provide an opportunity to gently navigate what is bothering you most.
Feeling understood, supported, and safe are key aspects of the therapeutic relationship. The process of therapy also includes developing and enhancing self understanding. Together, we can explore and understand difficult issues in your life and gain a deeper understanding of your situation. Through this process, we can begin to offer you new emotional experiences and provide you with skills to improve your relationships with others and yourself. In a safe setting with warmth and engagement, I provide an opportunity to gently navigate what is bothering you most.
![Photo of Stephanie Pinto, AMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/75c9dda3-3de1-48eb-b722-4e00d1f7d7f1/1/320x400.jpeg)
Welcome, I am glad you are here! Life can be difficult to navigate at times, but you don’t have to do it alone. Congratulations on taking the first step toward your mental health wellness. My name is Stephanie Pinto, I am a first-generation Latina immigrant. I am passionate about helping Latinx and BIPOC communities reach their full potential. As a bilingual therapist, I offer in-person and telehealth sessions in both English and Spanish. I have experience working with children, teens, and adults facing anxiety, depression, trauma-related issues, grief, and identity formation.
Welcome, I am glad you are here! Life can be difficult to navigate at times, but you don’t have to do it alone. Congratulations on taking the first step toward your mental health wellness. My name is Stephanie Pinto, I am a first-generation Latina immigrant. I am passionate about helping Latinx and BIPOC communities reach their full potential. As a bilingual therapist, I offer in-person and telehealth sessions in both English and Spanish. I have experience working with children, teens, and adults facing anxiety, depression, trauma-related issues, grief, and identity formation.
![Photo of Dawn Therese Dominguez - Windows of Hope Counseling Center, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/ea0a1bf6-26af-426d-9b5a-fa3b2c9e0e33/2/320x400.jpeg)
Windows of Hope Counseling Center
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Long Beach, CA 90802
Welcome! We offer individual, couples and family counseling in a warm and comfortable environment! We help individuals and couples work through difficult life experiences in a nurturing and loving way, and assist your process offering compassionate communication practices and tools to work through even the most difficult life situations. We specialize in couples counseling, grief counseling, blended family counseling, anger management counseling, substance abuse counseling, depression counseling, anxiety counseling, self improvement counseling & personal growth counseling. We offer a safe space for you to share and heal!
Welcome! We offer individual, couples and family counseling in a warm and comfortable environment! We help individuals and couples work through difficult life experiences in a nurturing and loving way, and assist your process offering compassionate communication practices and tools to work through even the most difficult life situations. We specialize in couples counseling, grief counseling, blended family counseling, anger management counseling, substance abuse counseling, depression counseling, anxiety counseling, self improvement counseling & personal growth counseling. We offer a safe space for you to share and heal!
![Photo of Nadeshda Hernandez, LMFT, CHT, MACP, MBA, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3fadc15f-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
Nadeshda Hernandez
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CHT, MACP, MBA
Verified Verified
Long Beach, CA 90807
I am very effective with children who have behavioral challenges due to trauma, pressures, family troubles, or unknowns. I easily connect with teens who struggle to fit in or feel understood so they can open up and allow me to help them. I empower young adults who are feeling anxious and/or depressed. I can guide couples to rekindle their passion and commitment for each other as two separate grounded individuals who choose each other on a regular basis. I guide adult individuals who are going through break ups to have major breakthroughs in their journey. Let's get you to wherever you want to be.
I am very effective with children who have behavioral challenges due to trauma, pressures, family troubles, or unknowns. I easily connect with teens who struggle to fit in or feel understood so they can open up and allow me to help them. I empower young adults who are feeling anxious and/or depressed. I can guide couples to rekindle their passion and commitment for each other as two separate grounded individuals who choose each other on a regular basis. I guide adult individuals who are going through break ups to have major breakthroughs in their journey. Let's get you to wherever you want to be.
![Photo of Jennifer Jackson, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/d37b01f1-ecd8-4318-b4ef-0bca1292dbd2/1/320x400.jpeg)
Jennifer Jackson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Long Beach, CA 90807
Waitlist for new clients
I’m so glad you’re showing up for yourself. You may have arrived here today because you feel a nudge in your spirit to lean into healing and growth. You realize the weight of the life experiences you’ve been carrying are hindering you, stealing your peace and joy, and disrupting your connection with yourself and the people you care for most. You are ready to explore the root causes, and you want support as you learn and unlearn, and become more yourself. Shame has eaten away at your insecurities and wounds. You know you can’t do it alone, but you feel alone. I want you to know: You are not alone. We were created for connection.
I’m so glad you’re showing up for yourself. You may have arrived here today because you feel a nudge in your spirit to lean into healing and growth. You realize the weight of the life experiences you’ve been carrying are hindering you, stealing your peace and joy, and disrupting your connection with yourself and the people you care for most. You are ready to explore the root causes, and you want support as you learn and unlearn, and become more yourself. Shame has eaten away at your insecurities and wounds. You know you can’t do it alone, but you feel alone. I want you to know: You are not alone. We were created for connection.
![Photo of Ani Harutyunyan, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/615491a3-9e19-462d-8bc1-34fa008c3104/1/320x400.jpeg)
Ani Harutyunyan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Long Beach, CA 90813
My name is Ani Harutyunyan. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker having earned my Master of Social Work Degree from the University of Southern California and a Bachelor of Arts Degree in Psychology from California State University Northridge. I am a member of NASW and a Certified Cognitive Behavior Therapist. I provide individual, family, couples, and group psychotherapy to adults. Psychotherapy is both a helping relationship and a process of change, which overcomes challenges and increases happiness.
My name is Ani Harutyunyan. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker having earned my Master of Social Work Degree from the University of Southern California and a Bachelor of Arts Degree in Psychology from California State University Northridge. I am a member of NASW and a Certified Cognitive Behavior Therapist. I provide individual, family, couples, and group psychotherapy to adults. Psychotherapy is both a helping relationship and a process of change, which overcomes challenges and increases happiness.
![Photo of Nicole Abadi - LBC Wellness, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/9c5b3852-c07f-4599-9d57-14018c74c272/3/320x400.jpeg)
LBC Wellness
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Long Beach, CA 90803 (Online Only)
Are you happy? You certainly deserve to be. If your past and/or current life events prevent you from living the life you want, reach out to us today and let's see if we can help. We are a group practice comprised of both licensed clinicians and associates with eclectic backgrounds. We're dedicated to helping the lives of those in our community. We work with adolescents (12+), adults, and those in the LGBT community too, and we work with many different mental health issues. Our style is warm, inviting, collaborative, and judgement free. 100% virtual. We accept medi-cal that's managed by MHN/Healthnet but no other medi-cal plan.
Are you happy? You certainly deserve to be. If your past and/or current life events prevent you from living the life you want, reach out to us today and let's see if we can help. We are a group practice comprised of both licensed clinicians and associates with eclectic backgrounds. We're dedicated to helping the lives of those in our community. We work with adolescents (12+), adults, and those in the LGBT community too, and we work with many different mental health issues. Our style is warm, inviting, collaborative, and judgement free. 100% virtual. We accept medi-cal that's managed by MHN/Healthnet but no other medi-cal plan.
![Photo of Alysia St. Clair, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/0b27dab5-5cf7-467b-ba50-2f32ba5e3c51/2/320x400.jpeg)
Alysia St. Clair
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Long Beach, CA 90802
FALL 2024: Accepting New Clients!
FALL 2024: Accepting New Clients!
See more therapy options for Long Beach
Nearby Parent-Child Interaction (PCIT) Therapists Searches for Long Beach
- Buena Park
- Cerritos
- Compton
- Downey
- Garden Grove
- Huntington Beach
- Lakewood
- Los Alamitos
- Palos Verdes Estates
- Redondo Beach
- Seal Beach
- Torrance
Parent-Child Interaction (PCIT) Therapists
Does parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT) work?
PCIT is an evidence-based treatment that has been shown to be effective across domains, including for children with behavioral problems, those on the autism spectrum, and those who have experienced early childhood trauma. Further, studies have found that the skills developed through PCIT benefit not only the child in therapy but also siblings, as the parent internalizes lessons learned in sessions and is able to incorporate them into interactions with other family members.
How long does PCIT last?
The duration of treatment depends on the specific challenges clients face. Sessions are typically 60 to 90 minutes long, and treatment lasts, on average, between 12 and 20 sessions. Factors that influence treatment duration include how regularly a client attends treatment, how much progress is achieved between sessions, the particular skills that need development, and the extent to which the parent and therapist see improvement.
Can PCIT be done online?
PCIT is among the therapy types best suited for video sessions. Therapists are able to communicate with parents with essentially the same ease, and by observing the parent and child at home in their normal environment, the therapist may gain additional insight into their interactions, as the child will have their normal toys and may feel more comfortable and act more naturally than they would in a therapist’s room.
Does PCIT help parents?
In addition to the skills parents develop through the treatment, PCIT has also been shown to reduce frustration, stress, and depression in parents and promote confidence and a sense of calm when dealing with their children. The desired outcomes of PCIT include a reduction in defiant and aggressive behavior by children and an improvement in communicating their feelings productively, complying with parental instruction, and behaving according to parents’ rules. Growth in these areas can be a relief for parents.