Addiction Therapists in Lakewood, CA

Photo of Georgianna Olivieri, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Georgianna Olivieri
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Lakewood, CA 90805
Hello, my name is Georgianna Olivieri. I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist and Certified Counselor specializing in the treatment of people with Substance Use Disorder. My collaborative therapeutic approach focuses on helping clients to identify and fuel the power of their unique strengths to manage and overcome mental health and substance use challenges. My treatment forte includes Suicidal Ideation, Anger Management, ADHD, Personality Disorders, Trauma, and Attachment Disorders. I have a diverse background working with clientele including people from 5 to 87 years old. I work with individuals, couples, and families.
Hello, my name is Georgianna Olivieri. I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist and Certified Counselor specializing in the treatment of people with Substance Use Disorder. My collaborative therapeutic approach focuses on helping clients to identify and fuel the power of their unique strengths to manage and overcome mental health and substance use challenges. My treatment forte includes Suicidal Ideation, Anger Management, ADHD, Personality Disorders, Trauma, and Attachment Disorders. I have a diverse background working with clientele including people from 5 to 87 years old. I work with individuals, couples, and families.
(310) 362-9864 View (310) 362-9864
Photo of S. Jolene Hui, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
S. Jolene Hui
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Lakewood, CA 90712
I have years of experience working with those with addiction and substance use histories and those identifying as LGBTQ+.
Life is full of ups and downs - the first step in getting help is reaching out and I like to work with those who are open and willing to make the necessary changes for optimal happiness. I have experience with many different kinds of people struggling with their mental health issues - in particular those with addiction issues, mood disorders (including perinatal), psychotic disorders, and more. I love to work with those who are committed to bettering their mental health and improving their lives.
I have years of experience working with those with addiction and substance use histories and those identifying as LGBTQ+.
Life is full of ups and downs - the first step in getting help is reaching out and I like to work with those who are open and willing to make the necessary changes for optimal happiness. I have experience with many different kinds of people struggling with their mental health issues - in particular those with addiction issues, mood disorders (including perinatal), psychotic disorders, and more. I love to work with those who are committed to bettering their mental health and improving their lives.
(562) 210-0129 View (562) 210-0129
Photo of Bob Tyler, LAADC, CADC, II, ICADC, SAP, Drug & Alcohol Counselor
Bob Tyler
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LAADC, CADC, II, ICADC, SAP
Not Verified Not Verified
Lakewood, CA 90805
Drawing from 28 years working in the addiction recovery profession, while working in residential and outpatient treatment, my practice helps those who would like to pursue recovery from alcohol or drug addiction without the cost and time commitment of formal rehab. The ideal client for my practice is one who is experiencing consequences from their alcohol and/or drug use and wants to get sober or explore the possibility of such. I also work with families that have an addicted loved one and would like some direction. I have been sober myself for 30 years and have a passion to helps others receive the gift of recovery.
Drawing from 28 years working in the addiction recovery profession, while working in residential and outpatient treatment, my practice helps those who would like to pursue recovery from alcohol or drug addiction without the cost and time commitment of formal rehab. The ideal client for my practice is one who is experiencing consequences from their alcohol and/or drug use and wants to get sober or explore the possibility of such. I also work with families that have an addicted loved one and would like some direction. I have been sober myself for 30 years and have a passion to helps others receive the gift of recovery.
(714) 485-0838 View (714) 485-0838
Photo of Mary O'Connor, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Mary O'Connor
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Lakewood, CA 90805
My name is Mary O'Connor, and I am a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist who has had years of experience working with couples and families in transition. I have worked in the field of family counseling, substance abuse recovery and prevention of family violence. I have been training therapists for over 25 years and I love the work I do with couples and families. I have authored books on anger management and getting through divorce and several published articles in newspapers and websites.
My name is Mary O'Connor, and I am a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist who has had years of experience working with couples and families in transition. I have worked in the field of family counseling, substance abuse recovery and prevention of family violence. I have been training therapists for over 25 years and I love the work I do with couples and families. I have authored books on anger management and getting through divorce and several published articles in newspapers and websites.
(310) 362-9713 View (310) 362-9713
Photo of Jeanie Griffin, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Jeanie Griffin
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Lakewood, CA 90805
i I am Jeanie Griffin, DD., LMFT, LPC, LCDC, a dedicated advisor and inspirational life mentor specializing in aiding individuals & families impacted by addiction and empowering people seeking spiritual transformation. I have been called a guiding light for those navigating personal growth and life direction. I am loved by clients 18 to 80 years old. Jeanie Griffin is a Number 1 International Best-selling author, keynote speaker, spiritual guide, transformational leader, VIP retreat leader, mental health counselor and addictions trauma psychotherapist.
i I am Jeanie Griffin, DD., LMFT, LPC, LCDC, a dedicated advisor and inspirational life mentor specializing in aiding individuals & families impacted by addiction and empowering people seeking spiritual transformation. I have been called a guiding light for those navigating personal growth and life direction. I am loved by clients 18 to 80 years old. Jeanie Griffin is a Number 1 International Best-selling author, keynote speaker, spiritual guide, transformational leader, VIP retreat leader, mental health counselor and addictions trauma psychotherapist.
(323) 792-2511 View (323) 792-2511
Photo of Colleen Mielke, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Colleen Mielke
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Lakewood, CA 90712
Colleen Mielke, Licensed Clinical Social Worker. My approach to therapy depends on your situation and needs. In general, I would begin with attentive listening or empathy immersion before beginning our approach to your therapeutic needs. Usually, this approach begins with a psychodynamic approach and leads to a CBT approach to help you create the desired change you are looking for. Psychosocial, anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress, obsessive-compulsive, substance abuse, dual-diagnosis, and psychotic disorders. CBT (Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy. Psychodynamic Psychotherapy and Existential Processing.
Colleen Mielke, Licensed Clinical Social Worker. My approach to therapy depends on your situation and needs. In general, I would begin with attentive listening or empathy immersion before beginning our approach to your therapeutic needs. Usually, this approach begins with a psychodynamic approach and leads to a CBT approach to help you create the desired change you are looking for. Psychosocial, anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress, obsessive-compulsive, substance abuse, dual-diagnosis, and psychotic disorders. CBT (Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy. Psychodynamic Psychotherapy and Existential Processing.
(562) 270-6948 View (562) 270-6948
Photo of Chase Summers, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Chase Summers
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Lakewood, CA 90712
I have found that my style and approach are a good fit for adults who identify as LGBTQIA+ (as well as those who don't), who may be dealing with the challenges of life transitions; a history of trauma; relationship stressors; and substance use.
My name is Chase Summers, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in Central California and working with clients statewide via telehealth. I work with adults and specialize in anxiety, depression, life transitions, relationships, stress, substance use, and co-occurring disorders. My approach to therapy varies based on the needs of each client I work with. I most frequently use Client-Centered, Positive Psychology, Solution-Focused, and Trauma-Informed therapeutic approaches.
I have found that my style and approach are a good fit for adults who identify as LGBTQIA+ (as well as those who don't), who may be dealing with the challenges of life transitions; a history of trauma; relationship stressors; and substance use.
My name is Chase Summers, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in Central California and working with clients statewide via telehealth. I work with adults and specialize in anxiety, depression, life transitions, relationships, stress, substance use, and co-occurring disorders. My approach to therapy varies based on the needs of each client I work with. I most frequently use Client-Centered, Positive Psychology, Solution-Focused, and Trauma-Informed therapeutic approaches.
(619) 430-2319 View (619) 430-2319
Photo of Ashley Kretzschmar, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Ashley Kretzschmar
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Lakewood, CA 90712
Welcome! I help my clients find hope and purpose, resolve current emotional struggles, and create an abundant, thriving life. Anxiety, depression, marital distress and disconnection; worries, confusion, exhaustion, hopelessness...these are a few of the concerns that bring clients into my office. Together, we can understand these problems and find solutions to create a life of joy and meaning. My training has been in mood disorders, marital therapy, substance use and codependency, and trauma. I love helping clients reach their goals - great mental health, successful relationships, healthy boundaries, you name it!
Welcome! I help my clients find hope and purpose, resolve current emotional struggles, and create an abundant, thriving life. Anxiety, depression, marital distress and disconnection; worries, confusion, exhaustion, hopelessness...these are a few of the concerns that bring clients into my office. Together, we can understand these problems and find solutions to create a life of joy and meaning. My training has been in mood disorders, marital therapy, substance use and codependency, and trauma. I love helping clients reach their goals - great mental health, successful relationships, healthy boundaries, you name it!
(310) 307-3627 View (310) 307-3627
Photo of Andrea Cairella, LPCC, Counselor
Andrea Cairella
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Lakewood, CA 90713
Do you desire inner harmony, life satisfaction & greater joy in your life? Are you ready to heal from your emotional pain & enhance the quality of your life and relationships? As a compassionate therapist, I can guide you along your healing journey. I am dedicated to helping my clients succeed, experience inner peace, self-acceptance, joy, hope and love. I am intuitive, empathetic, multicultural & multilingual with over 10 years of experience. My specialty areas include: anxiety, PTSD/trauma, attachment issues, depression, addiction, relationship issues (couples and families), grief & loss and self-esteem issue for adults, children & adolescents.
Do you desire inner harmony, life satisfaction & greater joy in your life? Are you ready to heal from your emotional pain & enhance the quality of your life and relationships? As a compassionate therapist, I can guide you along your healing journey. I am dedicated to helping my clients succeed, experience inner peace, self-acceptance, joy, hope and love. I am intuitive, empathetic, multicultural & multilingual with over 10 years of experience. My specialty areas include: anxiety, PTSD/trauma, attachment issues, depression, addiction, relationship issues (couples and families), grief & loss and self-esteem issue for adults, children & adolescents.
(562) 732-4936 View (562) 732-4936
Photo of Andrea L Bell, LCSW, SEP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Andrea L Bell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, SEP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lakewood, CA 90711
I work with many people who feel overwhelmed--by traumatic events, or simply when modern life, feelings or relationships are "too much". Some tried regular talk therapy, but their symptoms didn't shift. This is often because the stress response is stuck in the body. This can show up as PTSD, anxiety, depression, low motivation, panic attacks, substance abuse, eating disorders, etc.My clients learn what their bodies are trying to tell them and how to stop symptoms & support healthy well-being. I have a knack for working with unusual or "out of the box" folks.
I work with many people who feel overwhelmed--by traumatic events, or simply when modern life, feelings or relationships are "too much". Some tried regular talk therapy, but their symptoms didn't shift. This is often because the stress response is stuck in the body. This can show up as PTSD, anxiety, depression, low motivation, panic attacks, substance abuse, eating disorders, etc.My clients learn what their bodies are trying to tell them and how to stop symptoms & support healthy well-being. I have a knack for working with unusual or "out of the box" folks.
(562) 667-5896 View (562) 667-5896
Photo of Kathy Remeika, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Kathy Remeika
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Lakewood, CA 90712
I have extensive experience working with addiction, anxiety, depression, mood and stress disorders.
I specialize in healing past traumas and resolving underlying core issues that may be keeping you feeling stuck. I do this by providing a supportive, caring and non-judgmental environment that I believe is needed to work effectively on personal and interpersonal struggles. Together, we will develop meaningful goals to reach your desired outcome and live the life you want. My style is direct, warm, engaged and interactive.
I have extensive experience working with addiction, anxiety, depression, mood and stress disorders.
I specialize in healing past traumas and resolving underlying core issues that may be keeping you feeling stuck. I do this by providing a supportive, caring and non-judgmental environment that I believe is needed to work effectively on personal and interpersonal struggles. Together, we will develop meaningful goals to reach your desired outcome and live the life you want. My style is direct, warm, engaged and interactive.
(562) 362-5181 View (562) 362-5181
Photo of David Sparks, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
David Sparks
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Lakewood, CA 90712
Whether it's navigating anxiety, coping with stress, managing depression, processing trauma, overcoming addiction or living with someone in addiction, I will provide a personalized support and treatment targeting effective coping skills and healing deep hurt.
My name is David Sparks, and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) and Certified Brainspotter based in Antioch, CA, working with clients statewide via telehealth. I primarily work with adults and adolescents, and specialize in anxiety, stress, depression, trauma, and addiction. I have an integrated approach, often utilizing cognitive behavioral therapy and brainspotting to reduce symptoms and improve wellness.
Whether it's navigating anxiety, coping with stress, managing depression, processing trauma, overcoming addiction or living with someone in addiction, I will provide a personalized support and treatment targeting effective coping skills and healing deep hurt.
My name is David Sparks, and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) and Certified Brainspotter based in Antioch, CA, working with clients statewide via telehealth. I primarily work with adults and adolescents, and specialize in anxiety, stress, depression, trauma, and addiction. I have an integrated approach, often utilizing cognitive behavioral therapy and brainspotting to reduce symptoms and improve wellness.
(951) 498-4944 View (951) 498-4944
Photo of Rebecca Souza, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Rebecca Souza
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Lakewood, CA 90712
I have over ten years of experience as a therapist specializing in anxiety, depression, and substance use.
Hi, and welcome to my page. First and foremost, I want to say how important it is to choose a therapist that feels right for you. A little about how I work .....I believe the therapeutic relationship is the foundation of our work together. I want to hear and encourage you to tell me your needs, what works best for you, and what is most vital for you to work on.
I have over ten years of experience as a therapist specializing in anxiety, depression, and substance use.
Hi, and welcome to my page. First and foremost, I want to say how important it is to choose a therapist that feels right for you. A little about how I work .....I believe the therapeutic relationship is the foundation of our work together. I want to hear and encourage you to tell me your needs, what works best for you, and what is most vital for you to work on.
(408) 413-3783 View (408) 413-3783
Photo of Tosha Sweet, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tosha Sweet
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Lakewood, CA 90805  (Online Only)
I am Tosha Sweet, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who is dedicated to helping people manage difficult emotions, gain greater understanding about themselves, and develop skills that promote healthy communication with important people in their lives. I have experience working with clients who experience mood and anxiety disorders, co-occurring substance use disorders, Bipolar and Schizophrenia spectrum disorders. I am client-centered and a highly collaborative therapist. I take an eclectic approach drawing upon clinical strategies from cognitive behavioral, solution-focused, and mindfulness techniques.
I am Tosha Sweet, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who is dedicated to helping people manage difficult emotions, gain greater understanding about themselves, and develop skills that promote healthy communication with important people in their lives. I have experience working with clients who experience mood and anxiety disorders, co-occurring substance use disorders, Bipolar and Schizophrenia spectrum disorders. I am client-centered and a highly collaborative therapist. I take an eclectic approach drawing upon clinical strategies from cognitive behavioral, solution-focused, and mindfulness techniques.
(626) 702-2720 View (626) 702-2720
Photo of Briana Nicole Messerschmidt, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Briana Nicole Messerschmidt
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Lakewood, CA 90712
I specialize in Compassion Fatigue, Trauma Recovery, Pet Loss & Bereavement, and Addiction Recovery.
Do you have “sticky” self-defeating thoughts that won’t leave you alone? Do you “know” you’re good enough but don’t “feel” it? Have you suffered the loss of a pet or loved one and struggling to find someone who “gets it”? I am here to help with these and more. We have all been faced with major changes and sacrifices since 2020. Some changes have left scares and holes in us. I truly believe that we all have the power to grow and heal within us; sometimes we just need a little guidance and specialized tools to get started. I can help you gain strength, motivation, resiliency, and a deeper compassion for yourself and your journey.
I specialize in Compassion Fatigue, Trauma Recovery, Pet Loss & Bereavement, and Addiction Recovery.
Do you have “sticky” self-defeating thoughts that won’t leave you alone? Do you “know” you’re good enough but don’t “feel” it? Have you suffered the loss of a pet or loved one and struggling to find someone who “gets it”? I am here to help with these and more. We have all been faced with major changes and sacrifices since 2020. Some changes have left scares and holes in us. I truly believe that we all have the power to grow and heal within us; sometimes we just need a little guidance and specialized tools to get started. I can help you gain strength, motivation, resiliency, and a deeper compassion for yourself and your journey.
(805) 728-1212 View (805) 728-1212
Photo of Hollis Theon Rogers, LPCC
Hollis Theon Rogers
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lakewood, CA 90712
I am Hollis 'Theon" Rogers, I am a Licensed Professional Counselor. I am also a certified substance abuse counselor with many years of experience. I utilize mainly Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Solutions focused as my approach. My focus is on Black/ African American and Hispanic cultures and the specific issues that come from the group. I also address military issues including trauma and help with getting the benefit military personnel deserve. I typically work with the military and veterans and people of color. I have experience with addressing domestic violence issues.
I am Hollis 'Theon" Rogers, I am a Licensed Professional Counselor. I am also a certified substance abuse counselor with many years of experience. I utilize mainly Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Solutions focused as my approach. My focus is on Black/ African American and Hispanic cultures and the specific issues that come from the group. I also address military issues including trauma and help with getting the benefit military personnel deserve. I typically work with the military and veterans and people of color. I have experience with addressing domestic violence issues.
(909) 314-1718 View (909) 314-1718
Photo of Kim Chronister, LCP, Psychologist
Kim Chronister
Psychologist, LCP
Verified Verified
Lakewood, CA 90712
My name is Dr. Kim Chronister. I'm a licensed Clinical Psychologist. I specialize in mood disorders, anxiety, substance abuse, eating disorders, breakup recovery, and relationships. I typically work with adolescents and adults in individual and couples therapy. I work well with those who have a curiosity about themselves and a willingness to be open to change. I focus on the strengths of the individual rather than on weaknesses.
My name is Dr. Kim Chronister. I'm a licensed Clinical Psychologist. I specialize in mood disorders, anxiety, substance abuse, eating disorders, breakup recovery, and relationships. I typically work with adolescents and adults in individual and couples therapy. I work well with those who have a curiosity about themselves and a willingness to be open to change. I focus on the strengths of the individual rather than on weaknesses.
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Photo of Tiffany Manilla, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Tiffany Manilla
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Lakewood, CA 90805
Hello! My name is Tiffany Manilla. I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in the state of California. I have 9 years of experience in the therapy field, working with patients from all walks of life. My clinical experience includes working in an inpatient substance abuse recovery program for women, during which time I provided individual, group, and family counseling. In addition, I worked in a school-based setting for 4 years, providing mental health counseling to students with physical and mental disabilities. The patients ranged from school-aged to young adults, with predominately young adults on my caseload.
Hello! My name is Tiffany Manilla. I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in the state of California. I have 9 years of experience in the therapy field, working with patients from all walks of life. My clinical experience includes working in an inpatient substance abuse recovery program for women, during which time I provided individual, group, and family counseling. In addition, I worked in a school-based setting for 4 years, providing mental health counseling to students with physical and mental disabilities. The patients ranged from school-aged to young adults, with predominately young adults on my caseload.
(310) 861-2839 View (310) 861-2839
Marion Shanker
Marriage & Family Therapist
Verified Verified
Lakewood, CA 90712
In this often complicated, sometimes confusing world, it can be difficult to get through the rough spots to a more fulfilling life. That's why my gentle and supportive approach to therapy has helped so many individuals.
In this often complicated, sometimes confusing world, it can be difficult to get through the rough spots to a more fulfilling life. That's why my gentle and supportive approach to therapy has helped so many individuals.
(562) 449-3866 View (562) 449-3866
Photo of Zane (Susan) Walshe, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Zane (Susan) Walshe
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Lakewood, CA 90711
I am a Licensed Marriage, Family Therapist in private practice in Long Beach, California working with individuals, couples, and families. As a Transmasculine person who uses the pronouns they/them/theirs, I am especially qualified and passionate about working with folks in the LGBTQIA+ Community and their allies. An eclectic therapist focused on the healing arts utilizing a wide variety of theories and techniques including Mindfulness, Somatic, Cognitive Behavioral, Existential and Gestalt to serve the diverse needs of my clients. I also supervise wonderful, skilled, and compassionate Associates who offer caring therapy on a scale.
I am a Licensed Marriage, Family Therapist in private practice in Long Beach, California working with individuals, couples, and families. As a Transmasculine person who uses the pronouns they/them/theirs, I am especially qualified and passionate about working with folks in the LGBTQIA+ Community and their allies. An eclectic therapist focused on the healing arts utilizing a wide variety of theories and techniques including Mindfulness, Somatic, Cognitive Behavioral, Existential and Gestalt to serve the diverse needs of my clients. I also supervise wonderful, skilled, and compassionate Associates who offer caring therapy on a scale.
(562) 445-3729 View (562) 445-3729
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Addiction Therapists

What is the best therapy for addiction?

Addiction treatment will be tailored to the individual. People seeking help for addiction—whether with a psychotherapist, in an outpatient clinic, or in a residential program—should expect to engage in multiple types of treatments, sometimes including medication. For anyone recovering from addiction, avoiding situations in which one has typically used a substance is essential, as is the support of close connections. Since substance use disorders tend to co-occur with underlying mental health conditions such as anxiety or depression, those must also be addressed as part of any recovery plan.

How long does therapy for addiction take?

There is no set timeline for recovery from addiction. Patients and their families should expect the work to last several months, if not longer. Residential treatment programs may be based on a stay of 30, 60, or 90 days, with continuing work after release, but only about 1 percent of people are treated in such facilities. Ceasing use is just the first step; therapy to help maintain abstinence and effect behavior change must follow. The process of recovery, neuroscience has shown, involves brain cells recovering the capacity to respond to natural sources of reward and restore control over the impulse to use. Another definition of recovery is restoring voluntary control over one’s substance use and retaking all of one’s previous responsibilities.

How effective is drug addiction treatment?

Substance use disorders are treatable and remission is achievable for many who seek recovery; by some estimates, more than three-quarters of people who become addicted to alcohol or drugs recover. But that success rarely occurs quickly or on a set timeline; relapse is not only common, but many therapists and clinicians view it as a normal part of the process—not always a sign that a person has returned to addiction, but a signal that their treatment should be adjusted to help them regain control. Overall, research suggests, five years after the end of substance use, one’s risk of relapse is no greater than that of others who had not faced addiction. Other experts believe that complete abstinence is not the only measure of recovery, and that, through effective treatment, many people can learn to control their use.

How can you get addiction treatment for someone?

The most important factor in recovery from addiction is widely understood to be an individual’s commitment to change. For that reason,“interventions” in which friends and family gather to urge or force someone to begin immediate treatment often backfire; even when such efforts do lead someone to begin treatment, they may be less likely to stay than those who are self-driven. Still, family members can play an important role in supporting an individual who seeks help and can take part in family therapy as one element of a loved one’s treatment.