Photo of Jerry Weichman - The Weichman Clinic, PhD, Psychologist
The Weichman Clinic
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Irvine, CA 92612
We diagnose and serve children and adolescents coping with: * Abusive Dating Relationships * Academic Challenges * ADHD * Anxiety and Stress-Related Disorders * Austism and Spectrum-Related Disorders * Bipolar Disorder * Body Image Issues * Chronic Headaches * Concussions * Cutting and Self-Mutilation * Depression * Epilepsy * Family Relational Problems * Learning Disorders * Low Self Esteem * Movement Disorders * Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder * Oppositional Defiance and Behavioral Problems * Substance Abuse * Trauma and PTSD.
It's tough being a parent today. Do you have a kid or teen who is struggling? Does your family need answers about your child's state of mind or are looking for actual tools to help heal your family dynamic? Our mission is simple: The Weichman Clinic provides comprehensive mental health services, evaluations, diagnosis and collaborative treatment. And we do it all in one place with a special focus on the unique physiological and psychological needs of children and adolescents.The Weichman Clinic at Hoag Hospital's Neurosciences Institute provides unparalleled access to doctors and therapists who exclusively specialize in children and adolescents. Its multi-disciplinary team of professionals treats a variety of issues such as childhood or teenage developmental issues and complex mental health concerns. Each team member bring in-depth understanding of the unique needs of young people as well as a commitment to helping them gain insight into themselves so they can grow and thrive as adults.
We diagnose and serve children and adolescents coping with: * Abusive Dating Relationships * Academic Challenges * ADHD * Anxiety and Stress-Related Disorders * Austism and Spectrum-Related Disorders * Bipolar Disorder * Body Image Issues * Chronic Headaches * Concussions * Cutting and Self-Mutilation * Depression * Epilepsy * Family Relational Problems * Learning Disorders * Low Self Esteem * Movement Disorders * Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder * Oppositional Defiance and Behavioral Problems * Substance Abuse * Trauma and PTSD.
It's tough being a parent today. Do you have a kid or teen who is struggling? Does your family need answers about your child's state of mind or are looking for actual tools to help heal your family dynamic? Our mission is simple: The Weichman Clinic provides comprehensive mental health services, evaluations, diagnosis and collaborative treatment. And we do it all in one place with a special focus on the unique physiological and psychological needs of children and adolescents.The Weichman Clinic at Hoag Hospital's Neurosciences Institute provides unparalleled access to doctors and therapists who exclusively specialize in children and adolescents. Its multi-disciplinary team of professionals treats a variety of issues such as childhood or teenage developmental issues and complex mental health concerns. Each team member bring in-depth understanding of the unique needs of young people as well as a commitment to helping them gain insight into themselves so they can grow and thrive as adults.
(949) 537-2393 View (949) 537-2393
Photo of Matt Fleischman, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Matt Fleischman
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Irvine, CA 92612
Hi, my name is Matt Fleischman. I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in Newport Beach. I have over 10 years of experience working with children, teens, young adults, families, and couples with a variety of mental heath issues. I specialize in working with children and teens with: Behavior problems, ADHD, Depression, Trauma, and relationship difficulties. I am currently taking new clients. I look forward to working with you!
Hi, my name is Matt Fleischman. I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in Newport Beach. I have over 10 years of experience working with children, teens, young adults, families, and couples with a variety of mental heath issues. I specialize in working with children and teens with: Behavior problems, ADHD, Depression, Trauma, and relationship difficulties. I am currently taking new clients. I look forward to working with you!
(949) 484-0520 View (949) 484-0520
Photo of Michelle Y. Kim, MA, LPCC
Michelle Y. Kim
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Irvine, CA 92619
Are you feeling stuck or alone in your struggles? Are you dealing with anxiety, depression, or relationship problems? Are your past traumas getting in the way of healthy, emotionally connected relationships? You do not have to go through it alone. I can provide a safe space, collaborate with you to make sense of what is happening inside of you, and guide you towards healing and growth. Communicating more effectively, understanding and connecting with self and others on a more deeper level can help you feel more empowered and free to live life to the fullest.
Are you feeling stuck or alone in your struggles? Are you dealing with anxiety, depression, or relationship problems? Are your past traumas getting in the way of healthy, emotionally connected relationships? You do not have to go through it alone. I can provide a safe space, collaborate with you to make sense of what is happening inside of you, and guide you towards healing and growth. Communicating more effectively, understanding and connecting with self and others on a more deeper level can help you feel more empowered and free to live life to the fullest.
(949) 326-2762 View (949) 326-2762
Photo of Patrice Lopez-Dowrey, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Patrice Lopez-Dowrey
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Irvine, CA 92614
Any new journey begins with courage, and therapy is no different. As a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, I am passionate about collaborating with my clients in creating a safe, non-judgmental, and empathetic environment to support them in building skills and supports that will help them today and for the future. Our work will focus on your hopes and goals as you create the life you always wanted.
Any new journey begins with courage, and therapy is no different. As a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, I am passionate about collaborating with my clients in creating a safe, non-judgmental, and empathetic environment to support them in building skills and supports that will help them today and for the future. Our work will focus on your hopes and goals as you create the life you always wanted.
(760) 472-5502 View (760) 472-5502
Photo of Sandee Baker, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Sandee Baker
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
Irvine, CA 92612
Life is constantly changing, and it isn't always easy to navigate change. Change can cause us to feel discomfort, sadness, anxiety, anger, loneliness and so much more. I am a Marriage and Family Therapist that enjoys working with all people to help process life events and challenges. How an individual perceives these changes/daily events and activities will determine one's self-esteem, self-worth and how one thinks and feels on a daily basis. Through therapy, one can expect to learn how to cope with change and often the unwanted thoughts and feelings that comes with it. Please email below to set up a free 15-minute consultation.
Life is constantly changing, and it isn't always easy to navigate change. Change can cause us to feel discomfort, sadness, anxiety, anger, loneliness and so much more. I am a Marriage and Family Therapist that enjoys working with all people to help process life events and challenges. How an individual perceives these changes/daily events and activities will determine one's self-esteem, self-worth and how one thinks and feels on a daily basis. Through therapy, one can expect to learn how to cope with change and often the unwanted thoughts and feelings that comes with it. Please email below to set up a free 15-minute consultation.
(714) 386-1492 View (714) 386-1492
Photo of Pilar Aguero-Cardosa, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Pilar Aguero-Cardosa
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Irvine, CA 92606  (Online Only)
I strive to help my clients achieve lasting change though natural means such as self-compassion, mindfulness, and positive empowerment. I like to work with individuals, families, and couples dealing with anxiety, depression, and anger problems. During my over 20 years of experience as a psychotherapist, I have to achieve an extensive experience working with couples and families issues such as making the marriage work, divorce, blended families daily situations and co-parenting. My main goal is to help clients solved their presenting problems with the least amount of sessions possible.
I strive to help my clients achieve lasting change though natural means such as self-compassion, mindfulness, and positive empowerment. I like to work with individuals, families, and couples dealing with anxiety, depression, and anger problems. During my over 20 years of experience as a psychotherapist, I have to achieve an extensive experience working with couples and families issues such as making the marriage work, divorce, blended families daily situations and co-parenting. My main goal is to help clients solved their presenting problems with the least amount of sessions possible.
(949) 407-5782 View (949) 407-5782
Photo of Vennus Zand, PsyD, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Vennus Zand
Marriage & Family Therapist, PsyD, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Irvine, CA 92606
Have events in your life caused you to feel anxiety, depression, or other emotional stress? Has dealing with these emotions left you feeling hopeless, exhausted and unable to focus? I believe I can help you work through and overcome these feelings. With over seven years of experience I have successfully helped many individuals, couples, families, adolescents and children recover from the negative feelings that you are currently experiencing.
Have events in your life caused you to feel anxiety, depression, or other emotional stress? Has dealing with these emotions left you feeling hopeless, exhausted and unable to focus? I believe I can help you work through and overcome these feelings. With over seven years of experience I have successfully helped many individuals, couples, families, adolescents and children recover from the negative feelings that you are currently experiencing.
(949) 229-4936 View (949) 229-4936
Photo of Ben Eric Friday, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Ben Eric Friday
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Irvine, CA 92614  (Online Only)
Every time you talk to your parent you feel invalidated. They’ve always been difficult to deal with, and no matter what you try, each interaction leaves you feeling helpless, overwhelmed, anxious, and angry. You get mad at yourself for getting all worked up. Why can’t you just get over it?! Let things go, everyone says. Yes, growing up with them was hard. You know they were not a perfect parent, and you don’t completely blame them - they grew up with abuse themselves. But, it still affects you? You have your own life, but still feel so hurt by everything that’s happened. You’re worried that it’s causing other problems too.
Every time you talk to your parent you feel invalidated. They’ve always been difficult to deal with, and no matter what you try, each interaction leaves you feeling helpless, overwhelmed, anxious, and angry. You get mad at yourself for getting all worked up. Why can’t you just get over it?! Let things go, everyone says. Yes, growing up with them was hard. You know they were not a perfect parent, and you don’t completely blame them - they grew up with abuse themselves. But, it still affects you? You have your own life, but still feel so hurt by everything that’s happened. You’re worried that it’s causing other problems too.
(916) 471-2618 View (916) 471-2618
Photo of Chase Espinoza: Testing And Evaluations, PsyD, Testing, Neuro, Evals, Assess, Psychologist
Chase Espinoza: Testing And Evaluations
Psychologist, PsyD, Testing, Neuro, Evals, Assess
Verified Verified
Irvine, CA 92618
I provide several types of psychological, employment-related, psychoeducational, developmental, and neuropsychological evaluations. State-of-the-art methods including TOVA and interactive iPad-based tests for efficient and accurate services. I am insurance-contracted and work with diverse populations and testing purposes. If you are recommended, requested, or ordered to undergo assessment, please reach out. You will receive a high-quality, scientifically informed evaluation, with a comprehensive report, feedback, and recommendations. I am a practicing clinical and professorial member of the International Neuropsychological Society.
I provide several types of psychological, employment-related, psychoeducational, developmental, and neuropsychological evaluations. State-of-the-art methods including TOVA and interactive iPad-based tests for efficient and accurate services. I am insurance-contracted and work with diverse populations and testing purposes. If you are recommended, requested, or ordered to undergo assessment, please reach out. You will receive a high-quality, scientifically informed evaluation, with a comprehensive report, feedback, and recommendations. I am a practicing clinical and professorial member of the International Neuropsychological Society.
(949) 536-9857 View (949) 536-9857
Photo of Julie J. Wells, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Julie J. Wells
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Irvine, CA 92606  (Online Only)
Are you struggling with relationship or personal issues? I invite you to schedule a free consultation so I can help you discover tools for better communication and emotional health. Therapy is not a one-size-fits-all, let me assess what is going on for you and learn about the areas of stress in your life. I use a variety of methods, including Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Relaxation/Guided Imagery and Emotionally Focused Therapy for couples and families. I also specialize in grief, anxiety, blended families and co-parenting issues as a certified Parenting with Love and Logic Facilitator.
Are you struggling with relationship or personal issues? I invite you to schedule a free consultation so I can help you discover tools for better communication and emotional health. Therapy is not a one-size-fits-all, let me assess what is going on for you and learn about the areas of stress in your life. I use a variety of methods, including Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Relaxation/Guided Imagery and Emotionally Focused Therapy for couples and families. I also specialize in grief, anxiety, blended families and co-parenting issues as a certified Parenting with Love and Logic Facilitator.
(949) 531-7072 View (949) 531-7072
Photo of Katie Moore, PsyD, Psychologist
Katie Moore
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Irvine, CA 92614
Dr. Katie Moore is a highly experienced licensed clinical psychologist with an extraordinary ability to connect with teens and adults who have been unable to make progress, or were even unwilling to meet, with previous therapists. Additionally, she is formally trained in EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) and TF-CBT (Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy): two of the premier evidence based treatments for trauma. Dr. Moore started her career as a therapist treating adults, including severely and persistently mentally ill adults in a locked psychiatric facility.
Dr. Katie Moore is a highly experienced licensed clinical psychologist with an extraordinary ability to connect with teens and adults who have been unable to make progress, or were even unwilling to meet, with previous therapists. Additionally, she is formally trained in EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) and TF-CBT (Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy): two of the premier evidence based treatments for trauma. Dr. Moore started her career as a therapist treating adults, including severely and persistently mentally ill adults in a locked psychiatric facility.
(949) 997-0187 View (949) 997-0187
Photo of Lori Johnson, PsyD, Psychologist
Lori Johnson
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Irvine, CA 92618
I strongly believe that therapy should be a safe place where anyone can come and talk about their life without judgment or shame. It is a place where everyone can benefit from unconditional empathy, understanding, and grace. I am an outgoing person who is easy to talk to, and I do my best to make the therapeutic process as smooth and understandable as possible. We will go at your pace and create a personalized treatment plan to meet your needs and goals. I strive to help you become self sustaining where you can gain a sense of understanding of what skills you need, why you are utilizing them, and when to utilize the skills learned.
I strongly believe that therapy should be a safe place where anyone can come and talk about their life without judgment or shame. It is a place where everyone can benefit from unconditional empathy, understanding, and grace. I am an outgoing person who is easy to talk to, and I do my best to make the therapeutic process as smooth and understandable as possible. We will go at your pace and create a personalized treatment plan to meet your needs and goals. I strive to help you become self sustaining where you can gain a sense of understanding of what skills you need, why you are utilizing them, and when to utilize the skills learned.
(949) 426-7069 View (949) 426-7069
Photo of Colleen Daniel - Dr. Colleen Daniel and Associates, PsyD, Psychologist
Dr. Colleen Daniel and Associates
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Irvine, CA 92604
Dr. Colleen Daniel and her staff provide comprehensive and holistic mental health treatment for clients of all ages. Our treatment is tailored to match the individual needs of each client or family. Services include: evaluations of learning disabilities, ADHD/ADD, Autism Spectrum Disorders, psychological issues, neurological conditions, and accommodations for SAT/ACT/LSAT/MCAT exams; individual and group therapy for children, teens, and adults.
Dr. Colleen Daniel and her staff provide comprehensive and holistic mental health treatment for clients of all ages. Our treatment is tailored to match the individual needs of each client or family. Services include: evaluations of learning disabilities, ADHD/ADD, Autism Spectrum Disorders, psychological issues, neurological conditions, and accommodations for SAT/ACT/LSAT/MCAT exams; individual and group therapy for children, teens, and adults.
(949) 536-7713 View (949) 536-7713
Photo of joshua Eugene Marquez - Mind Thrive Health, Psychologist
Mind Thrive Health
Psychologist
Verified Verified
Irvine, CA 92618
As a Therapy practice we love to help everyone! no matter what the situation is, our purpose is to help anyone struggling during these times!
As a Therapy practice we love to help everyone! no matter what the situation is, our purpose is to help anyone struggling during these times!
(949) 989-5476 View (949) 989-5476
Photo of David Ibrahim, LMFT, LAADC , E500RYT, EMDR, ISTDP, Drug & Alcohol Counselor
David Ibrahim
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LMFT, LAADC , E500RYT, EMDR, ISTDP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Irvine, CA 92606
Do you wonder if you’re an addict, maybe not? I provide assessments and interventions for addiction. I’ve worked with famous actors, directors, major league athletes, scholars, scientists, studio executives, military, and engineers, Hip Hop moguls and all individuals. I specialize in trauma and addiction. I deal with issues such as controlled drinking, sobriety, relationship, couple's or family issues, Court, incest survivor trauma, and addiction issues. I'm also an LMFT, and Yoga and Meditation Therapist, and EMDR Therapist which gives me a unique ability to help my patients integrate in their bodies emotionally and mentally.
Do you wonder if you’re an addict, maybe not? I provide assessments and interventions for addiction. I’ve worked with famous actors, directors, major league athletes, scholars, scientists, studio executives, military, and engineers, Hip Hop moguls and all individuals. I specialize in trauma and addiction. I deal with issues such as controlled drinking, sobriety, relationship, couple's or family issues, Court, incest survivor trauma, and addiction issues. I'm also an LMFT, and Yoga and Meditation Therapist, and EMDR Therapist which gives me a unique ability to help my patients integrate in their bodies emotionally and mentally.
(323) 531-5725 View (323) 531-5725
Photo of Kasey Bogoje - The Mindful Lemon, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
The Mindful Lemon
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Irvine, CA 92618  (Online Only)
Our mission is to provide quality online mental health and substance abuse services while breaking down the barriers of traditional, office based therapy. Traditional mental health and substance abuse treatment tends to focus on what makes you sick, what you are lacking but at The Mindful Lemon, our clinicians let you sit in the driver’s seat, focusing on your strengths and assets to help you become the best version of you! This can be via traditional talk therapy, medication management, mindfulness techniques, an emphasis on health, wellness and fitness or any combination of the above.
Our mission is to provide quality online mental health and substance abuse services while breaking down the barriers of traditional, office based therapy. Traditional mental health and substance abuse treatment tends to focus on what makes you sick, what you are lacking but at The Mindful Lemon, our clinicians let you sit in the driver’s seat, focusing on your strengths and assets to help you become the best version of you! This can be via traditional talk therapy, medication management, mindfulness techniques, an emphasis on health, wellness and fitness or any combination of the above.
(949) 468-3964 View (949) 468-3964
Photo of Alicia Delgado, L, C, S, W, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Alicia Delgado
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, L, C, S, W
Verified Verified
Irvine, CA 92614
We all have times in our lives that are challenging and difficult but with some help we can navigate through them. In my opinion, therapy should be collaborative, compassionate, comfortable and safe. I would like for us to work together to resolve whatever issue/goal you may have. One of the most courageous decisions you’ll ever make is to finally let go of what is hurting your heart and soul.
We all have times in our lives that are challenging and difficult but with some help we can navigate through them. In my opinion, therapy should be collaborative, compassionate, comfortable and safe. I would like for us to work together to resolve whatever issue/goal you may have. One of the most courageous decisions you’ll ever make is to finally let go of what is hurting your heart and soul.
(949) 569-7161 View (949) 569-7161
Kathy Caritina Evans
Marriage & Family Therapist, PsyD, LMFT
Verified Verified
Irvine, CA 92618
Constant worries keep many people from leading a productive life and negatively affect relationships. A safe and accepting therapeutic environment will help place those worries into perspective. I have worked with children, adolescents, couples, families, adults, and senior citizens. I provide an array of counseling services, including: adolescent substance abuse, post-traumatic stress disorder, parenting skills, anger management, grief and bereavement, trauma, anxiety disorders, self-harm behaviors, gender identity, sexual orientation, acculturation, depression, bipolar disorders, major depressive disorder, and domestic violence.
Constant worries keep many people from leading a productive life and negatively affect relationships. A safe and accepting therapeutic environment will help place those worries into perspective. I have worked with children, adolescents, couples, families, adults, and senior citizens. I provide an array of counseling services, including: adolescent substance abuse, post-traumatic stress disorder, parenting skills, anger management, grief and bereavement, trauma, anxiety disorders, self-harm behaviors, gender identity, sexual orientation, acculturation, depression, bipolar disorders, major depressive disorder, and domestic violence.
(657) 444-1252 View (657) 444-1252
Photo of Renee Ward, MA, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Renee Ward
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Irvine, CA 92604  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Hello! I'm Renee and I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. As a therapist I have had the opportunity to work with clients looking for guidance and relief in many areas such as: anxiety, depression, addiction, trauma, neurodivergent issues related to ADHD/Autism/Asperger's, body dysmorphia and gender dysphoria. I am neurodiversity and gender affirming. Please contact me for a 15 min free consultation to see if we are a good fit. I will get back to you within 24 hours.
Hello! I'm Renee and I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. As a therapist I have had the opportunity to work with clients looking for guidance and relief in many areas such as: anxiety, depression, addiction, trauma, neurodivergent issues related to ADHD/Autism/Asperger's, body dysmorphia and gender dysphoria. I am neurodiversity and gender affirming. Please contact me for a 15 min free consultation to see if we are a good fit. I will get back to you within 24 hours.
(714) 586-8678 View (714) 586-8678
Photo of Nader Siahdohoni - VCAT Mental Health and Detox Center, PhD, Psychologist
VCAT Mental Health and Detox Center
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Irvine, CA 92620
At VCATTRC we provide neurocognitive and brain based treatment methodologies for substance abuse and psychological disorders. We believe that there is a strong correlation between a healthy brain and a person’s mental, behavioral, and cognitive functioning. Mental behavioral disorders such as anxiety, depression, and addiction, have been linked to serious behavioral and cognitive dysfunctions in adults with long history of addictive behavior. Thus, treating such disorders and related co-occurring disorders is in need of a proper and specialized multidimensional assessment, evaluation, and neurocognitive treatment plan.
At VCATTRC we provide neurocognitive and brain based treatment methodologies for substance abuse and psychological disorders. We believe that there is a strong correlation between a healthy brain and a person’s mental, behavioral, and cognitive functioning. Mental behavioral disorders such as anxiety, depression, and addiction, have been linked to serious behavioral and cognitive dysfunctions in adults with long history of addictive behavior. Thus, treating such disorders and related co-occurring disorders is in need of a proper and specialized multidimensional assessment, evaluation, and neurocognitive treatment plan.
(949) 577-7442 View (949) 577-7442
1
Oppositional Defiance (ODD) Therapists

What is the most effective treatment for oppositional defiant disorder?

The treatment of Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) will involve multiple approaches designed to help both the youngster and their parents, sometimes including medication. A therapist will help a child learn ways to regulate their emotions, curb their impulsiveness, and counteract anger, defiance, and disruption, while showing parents ways to bring these lessons into their home. A technique designed for children with conditions like ODD, known as Collaborative and Proactive Solutions (CPS), may also be used. CPS addresses a child’s concerns and rewards appropriate responses while discouraging harsh punishment or criticism.

How does treatment for oppositional defiant disorder work?

Treatment for ODD addresses the issues underlying a child’s defiance and disruption, the emotional regulation and impulse-control skills they lack, and the way adults respond to them. ODD therapy is based on the idea that children with the disorder understand the difference between right and wrong, that they want to behave well, and that, with help, they can. By responding to the child with empathy instead of harsh criticism, ignoring nonviolent behaviors, and rewarding positive actions, a therapist, and the other adults in a child’s life, can help children improve their behavior.

How long does therapy for oppositional defiant disorder take?

Therapy for oppositional defiant disorder is not a short-term undertaking. Depending on the severity of a child’s symptoms, their age, the presence of other conditions like ADHD, anxiety or a mood disorder, and their family dynamic, it can take months before improvement is noted. The cooperation of parents and teachers is crucial, because the skills learned in therapy must be practiced in real-world situations, with all their potential triggers.

Does oppositional defiant disorder go away?

ODD can remit following treatment. ODD is often diagnosed in nursery school, and early intervention is essential for a positive prognosis. In two-thirds of children, according to the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, symptoms resolve within three years.