Addiction Therapists in Downey, CA

Photo of Ralph Gongora, Pre-Licensed Professional
Ralph Gongora
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Downey, CA 90240
I have extensive experience in Addiction, Alcohol, Marijuana, Cocaine Gambling, Sex other addiction disorders that are impacting an individual and family life.
Perhaps you are feeling sad, anxious, angry, and struggling with addictions. As a compassionate Life Coach I will listen without judgment and acknowledge your experiences with authenticity and genuineness. Clients are the expert’s that allows better understanding of their experiences toward healing. Together we can seek solutions and learn how to apply them for self-empowerment to make life better and more fulfilling.
I have extensive experience in Addiction, Alcohol, Marijuana, Cocaine Gambling, Sex other addiction disorders that are impacting an individual and family life.
Perhaps you are feeling sad, anxious, angry, and struggling with addictions. As a compassionate Life Coach I will listen without judgment and acknowledge your experiences with authenticity and genuineness. Clients are the expert’s that allows better understanding of their experiences toward healing. Together we can seek solutions and learn how to apply them for self-empowerment to make life better and more fulfilling.
(562) 203-1438 View (562) 203-1438
Photo of Nicholas Russi, LAADC-S, CCS, ICAADC, Drug & Alcohol Counselor
Nicholas Russi
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LAADC-S, CCS, ICAADC
Verified Verified
Downey, CA 90239
For many years I struggled with addiction, Anxiety, and depression.
**Telehealth Video sessions are available** Are you having trouble controlling your drinking but feel like "rehab" isn't for you? Have loved ones in your life pleaded with you to stop? Is your alcohol or drug use causing relationship issues? Anxiety problems? I know exactly how your feeling. Alcohol or drug abuse can extremely difficult to manage on your own. For the last 19 years I’ve been helping clients navigate the personal recovery process and the trials and tribulations they come with it. If you are in a place in your life where you are ready to make some needed changes, I can help you be free from the grips of addiction.
For many years I struggled with addiction, Anxiety, and depression.
**Telehealth Video sessions are available** Are you having trouble controlling your drinking but feel like "rehab" isn't for you? Have loved ones in your life pleaded with you to stop? Is your alcohol or drug use causing relationship issues? Anxiety problems? I know exactly how your feeling. Alcohol or drug abuse can extremely difficult to manage on your own. For the last 19 years I’ve been helping clients navigate the personal recovery process and the trials and tribulations they come with it. If you are in a place in your life where you are ready to make some needed changes, I can help you be free from the grips of addiction.
(562) 573-7504 View (562) 573-7504
Photo of Adam Castillo, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Adam Castillo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Downey, CA 90242  (Online Only)
I specialize in helping individuals facing various challenges, such as addiction, anxiety, depression, and past trauma.
Hi, I'm Adam Castillo, LCSW specializing in trauma-informed care, I want to help you manage your daily responsibilities and maintain healthy relationships. Do you struggle to prioritize self-care? I can work with you to identify triggers and solutions that can restore balance in your life.
I specialize in helping individuals facing various challenges, such as addiction, anxiety, depression, and past trauma.
Hi, I'm Adam Castillo, LCSW specializing in trauma-informed care, I want to help you manage your daily responsibilities and maintain healthy relationships. Do you struggle to prioritize self-care? I can work with you to identify triggers and solutions that can restore balance in your life.
(310) 742-8702 View (310) 742-8702
Photo of Omar Alhassoon, LCP, Psychologist
Omar Alhassoon
Psychologist, LCP
Verified Verified
Downey, CA 90242
I am also trained in psychotherapy to help with life transitions, aging, stress, grief, and addiction.
Are you seeking a therapist who combines warmth and understanding with cutting-edge neuroscience-informed psychotherapy? My approach to therapy is rooted in empathy, compassion, and a genuine desire to understand your unique experiences. I graduated in 2003 from the University of California San Diego with a PhD in Clinical Neuropsychology. My background allows me to offer a blend of support and scientific insight drawing from my own research in neuroscience. I integrate the latest findings into our sessions, providing an understanding of the mind-body connection and how it influences emotions, behaviors, and thoughts.
I am also trained in psychotherapy to help with life transitions, aging, stress, grief, and addiction.
Are you seeking a therapist who combines warmth and understanding with cutting-edge neuroscience-informed psychotherapy? My approach to therapy is rooted in empathy, compassion, and a genuine desire to understand your unique experiences. I graduated in 2003 from the University of California San Diego with a PhD in Clinical Neuropsychology. My background allows me to offer a blend of support and scientific insight drawing from my own research in neuroscience. I integrate the latest findings into our sessions, providing an understanding of the mind-body connection and how it influences emotions, behaviors, and thoughts.
(562) 414-5437 View (562) 414-5437
Photo of Maria Migliore, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Maria Migliore
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Downey, CA 90242
I’ve worked with a variety of ages from 5 years to the elder population. School, work, and relationship issues are my specialties. Are you struggling with depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, or substance/alcohol issues? I have extensive experience with helping with life’s hurdles. A holistic approach to life has always intrigued me. We heal our bodies with vitamins and exercise. We also need to nourish our souls and minds. Therapy has helped so many. There are so many stressors and triggers in life. I love helping people and helping them move forward. Making this the best life.
I’ve worked with a variety of ages from 5 years to the elder population. School, work, and relationship issues are my specialties. Are you struggling with depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, or substance/alcohol issues? I have extensive experience with helping with life’s hurdles. A holistic approach to life has always intrigued me. We heal our bodies with vitamins and exercise. We also need to nourish our souls and minds. Therapy has helped so many. There are so many stressors and triggers in life. I love helping people and helping them move forward. Making this the best life.
(510) 422-4371 View (510) 422-4371
Photo of Harold Carrier, LCPC, Counselor
Harold Carrier
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Downey, CA 90241
Hello, my name is Harold Ray Carrier, I am a licensed professional clinical counselor (LPCC). I utilize various approaches with therapy, and I’m known for experience with anxiety, depression, conflict resolution, relationship challenges, adjustment challenges, and alcohol/other substance use challenges. I am comfortable working with all clients. I am experienced with males and females from the ages of 16-80. I am comfortable with a variety of challenges involving anxiety, depression, dual diagnosis, conflict resolution, relationship challenges, adjustment/change challenges, substance use, and more.
Hello, my name is Harold Ray Carrier, I am a licensed professional clinical counselor (LPCC). I utilize various approaches with therapy, and I’m known for experience with anxiety, depression, conflict resolution, relationship challenges, adjustment challenges, and alcohol/other substance use challenges. I am comfortable working with all clients. I am experienced with males and females from the ages of 16-80. I am comfortable with a variety of challenges involving anxiety, depression, dual diagnosis, conflict resolution, relationship challenges, adjustment/change challenges, substance use, and more.
(510) 913-9962 View (510) 913-9962
Photo of Audrey Hill-Lindsay, CP, Psychologist
Audrey Hill-Lindsay
Psychologist, CP
Verified Verified
Downey, CA 90241
My name is Dr. Audrey Hill-Lindsay and I am licensed Psychologist in California (License PSY22270), as well as New York License 020483). I believe that therapy is a healing journey that can help to build strength, discover peace, and achieve more equilibrium in one's life. Each person must find their own unique path based on their goals, desires and past experiences. I work with a wide array of diagnoses, including mood & anxiety disorders, trauma, life changes, cognitive & memory problems, addiction & substance abuse.
My name is Dr. Audrey Hill-Lindsay and I am licensed Psychologist in California (License PSY22270), as well as New York License 020483). I believe that therapy is a healing journey that can help to build strength, discover peace, and achieve more equilibrium in one's life. Each person must find their own unique path based on their goals, desires and past experiences. I work with a wide array of diagnoses, including mood & anxiety disorders, trauma, life changes, cognitive & memory problems, addiction & substance abuse.
(619) 566-7510 View (619) 566-7510
Photo of John Dury, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
John Dury
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Downey, CA 90241
John Dury is an experienced professional counselor and marriage and family therapist who has been in practice for more than 25 years. John is also a Master Addiction Counselor as well as a member of the American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy. I work with those experiencing a wide variety of issues that affect relationships such as anxiety, depression, anger, conflict resolution, and substance and process addictions.
John Dury is an experienced professional counselor and marriage and family therapist who has been in practice for more than 25 years. John is also a Master Addiction Counselor as well as a member of the American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy. I work with those experiencing a wide variety of issues that affect relationships such as anxiety, depression, anger, conflict resolution, and substance and process addictions.
(760) 389-3771 View (760) 389-3771
Photo of Shelly Short, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Shelly Short
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Downey, CA 90241
Hi there, I'm Shelly, an experienced licensed marriage and family therapist. I facilitate and guide clients through their emotional growth and healing process. I am open-minded, solution-focused, and goal-oriented. I specialize in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), an evidence-based psychotherapy approach that works to heal mental, emotional, and behavioral issues such as trauma, PTSD, anxiety, phobias, depression, ADHD, low self-esteem, addiction, codependency and relationship problems. In addition to EMDR, I use CBT, DBT, Solution Focused Therapy, and Mindfulness Techniques.
Hi there, I'm Shelly, an experienced licensed marriage and family therapist. I facilitate and guide clients through their emotional growth and healing process. I am open-minded, solution-focused, and goal-oriented. I specialize in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), an evidence-based psychotherapy approach that works to heal mental, emotional, and behavioral issues such as trauma, PTSD, anxiety, phobias, depression, ADHD, low self-esteem, addiction, codependency and relationship problems. In addition to EMDR, I use CBT, DBT, Solution Focused Therapy, and Mindfulness Techniques.
(949) 997-2989 View (949) 997-2989
Photo of Rosa K Gilbert, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Rosa K Gilbert
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Downey, CA 90239
Throughout my career, I’ve gained experience through working for protective services, in family practice, and as a substance abuse therapist.
Does it feel like life has been pulled out from under you? Do you feel overwhelmed or discouraged? Perhaps you’re dealing with trust or communication issues in your family or marriage. I work with couples and individuals struggling with problems like family conflict, past abuse, anxiety, substance misuse, and more. Throughout my 35 years of experience as a mental health professional, I’ve learned that most people are seeking one thing in particular – to feel more in control of their life. We all need validation and support. I provide this for my clients, while helping them feel more confident and hopeful about the future.
Throughout my career, I’ve gained experience through working for protective services, in family practice, and as a substance abuse therapist.
Does it feel like life has been pulled out from under you? Do you feel overwhelmed or discouraged? Perhaps you’re dealing with trust or communication issues in your family or marriage. I work with couples and individuals struggling with problems like family conflict, past abuse, anxiety, substance misuse, and more. Throughout my 35 years of experience as a mental health professional, I’ve learned that most people are seeking one thing in particular – to feel more in control of their life. We all need validation and support. I provide this for my clients, while helping them feel more confident and hopeful about the future.
(714) 881-4577 View (714) 881-4577
Photo of Enowoghomwenma Osaghae, LCP, Psychologist
Enowoghomwenma Osaghae
Psychologist, LCP
Verified Verified
Downey, CA 90241
My focus is on individuals experiencing varying stressors related to live/work issues, anxiety, depression, substance/other addiction problems, and trauma.
My name is Dr. Eno Osaghae. I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist (PSY34976) based in California with specialized training in psychological evaluations, advocacy, crisis management, Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder, PTSD/Trauma, anxiety, depression, substance abuse, addictive disorders, and working with individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum and neurodevelopmental disorders. I work from an integrative approach, drawing from psychodynamic, humanistic, and cognitive behavioral perspectives.
My focus is on individuals experiencing varying stressors related to live/work issues, anxiety, depression, substance/other addiction problems, and trauma.
My name is Dr. Eno Osaghae. I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist (PSY34976) based in California with specialized training in psychological evaluations, advocacy, crisis management, Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder, PTSD/Trauma, anxiety, depression, substance abuse, addictive disorders, and working with individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum and neurodevelopmental disorders. I work from an integrative approach, drawing from psychodynamic, humanistic, and cognitive behavioral perspectives.
(951) 540-1022 View (951) 540-1022
Photo of Phillip Chaidez, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Phillip Chaidez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Downey, CA 90240
I have had experience working with individuals with trauma, substance use, and homelessness.
You have taken a brave step by deciding to seek therapy. Remembering unpleasant events and becoming aware of feelings attached to those events can bring on strong feelings of anger, depression, anxiety, and hopelessness. We will work collaboratively to support you on this new journey to find your true self. Utilizing a strengths based approach that can incorporate Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and other modalities, we can create positive changes.
I have had experience working with individuals with trauma, substance use, and homelessness.
You have taken a brave step by deciding to seek therapy. Remembering unpleasant events and becoming aware of feelings attached to those events can bring on strong feelings of anger, depression, anxiety, and hopelessness. We will work collaboratively to support you on this new journey to find your true self. Utilizing a strengths based approach that can incorporate Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and other modalities, we can create positive changes.
(323) 693-7923 View (323) 693-7923
Photo of Rosa Portillo, MA, MS, AMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Rosa Portillo
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, MS, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Downey, CA 90239
Welcome! I'm committed to guiding you through life's challenges and fostering resilience and wellness. Specializing in anxiety, depression, addiction, life transitions, and self-esteem, I offer compassionate, evidence-based support for your growth. In addition to my focus areas, I also have extensive experience working with neurodiverse populations, and I am committed to creating an inclusive and supportive environment. I am LGBTQ+ affirming and have worked closely with the Latinx community and am dedicated to fostering a non-judgmental therapy space.
Welcome! I'm committed to guiding you through life's challenges and fostering resilience and wellness. Specializing in anxiety, depression, addiction, life transitions, and self-esteem, I offer compassionate, evidence-based support for your growth. In addition to my focus areas, I also have extensive experience working with neurodiverse populations, and I am committed to creating an inclusive and supportive environment. I am LGBTQ+ affirming and have worked closely with the Latinx community and am dedicated to fostering a non-judgmental therapy space.
(562) 784-8056 View (562) 784-8056
Photo of Aaron Quiroz, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Aaron Quiroz
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Downey, CA 90242
Waitlist for new clients
How often do you find yourself wanting to truly express yourself but can't? Do you fear backlash for expressing the challenges you are facing in the workplace, public settings, or even in the home? I am open-minded, empathetic, and unconventional in my approach from years of experience in working with clients and families in community mental health based settings. Since 2013 I have had a wide range of experience working with a variety of clients including severe and persistently ill, dual-diagnosis/substance use disordered, homeless, and at-risk transitional-aged populations on their path to recovery.
How often do you find yourself wanting to truly express yourself but can't? Do you fear backlash for expressing the challenges you are facing in the workplace, public settings, or even in the home? I am open-minded, empathetic, and unconventional in my approach from years of experience in working with clients and families in community mental health based settings. Since 2013 I have had a wide range of experience working with a variety of clients including severe and persistently ill, dual-diagnosis/substance use disordered, homeless, and at-risk transitional-aged populations on their path to recovery.
(562) 303-5440 View (562) 303-5440
Photo of Judy Wahl Talley, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Judy Wahl Talley
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Downey, CA 90241  (Online Only)
Contemporary society places an enormous burden upon the individual to succeed - and look good while doing it - at the same time as the fabric of our families are disintegrating and social supports are fragmented. Many of us have survived a childhood of chaos and, if we have been able to form a lasting intimate relationship, find that our partner is ill-equipped as well, to surmount the many personal, financial, social, political challenges of today's world. My approach is informed by therapeutic practices which emphasize compassion, gaining insight, and developing acceptance of one's true self.
Contemporary society places an enormous burden upon the individual to succeed - and look good while doing it - at the same time as the fabric of our families are disintegrating and social supports are fragmented. Many of us have survived a childhood of chaos and, if we have been able to form a lasting intimate relationship, find that our partner is ill-equipped as well, to surmount the many personal, financial, social, political challenges of today's world. My approach is informed by therapeutic practices which emphasize compassion, gaining insight, and developing acceptance of one's true self.
(760) 731-6250 View (760) 731-6250
Photo of Saqib Iqbal (Saqi), LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Saqib Iqbal (Saqi)
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Downey, CA 90239
My passion for mental health stems from my recovery story. I fell in love with the people and organizations that helped me. And, when I starting helping others on the path of personal growth, I knew what I was put on this planet to do. So, I got out of the job I hated to pursue a Master's Degree in Social Work at USC. My approach to psychotherapy focuses on learning about the journey my clients have experienced. Followed by a solution-focused orientation that encourages forward progress and goal achievement. I believe that with love, support, and honesty anything is possible.
My passion for mental health stems from my recovery story. I fell in love with the people and organizations that helped me. And, when I starting helping others on the path of personal growth, I knew what I was put on this planet to do. So, I got out of the job I hated to pursue a Master's Degree in Social Work at USC. My approach to psychotherapy focuses on learning about the journey my clients have experienced. Followed by a solution-focused orientation that encourages forward progress and goal achievement. I believe that with love, support, and honesty anything is possible.
(562) 526-1964 View (562) 526-1964
Photo of Aritcela Vega, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Aritcela Vega
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Downey, CA 90241  (Online Only)
Are you feeling stressed, depressed, or anxious? I am here to help with ongoing issues that can effect the quality of life that often cause presenting problems. A lot of times it is difficult to ask someone for help so I commend you on your choice to seek therapy. My style of therapy is from an emphatic genuine place. Hablo Espanol.
Are you feeling stressed, depressed, or anxious? I am here to help with ongoing issues that can effect the quality of life that often cause presenting problems. A lot of times it is difficult to ask someone for help so I commend you on your choice to seek therapy. My style of therapy is from an emphatic genuine place. Hablo Espanol.
(562) 837-2863 View (562) 837-2863
Photo of Ryan Silva, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Ryan Silva
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Downey, CA 90241  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) practicing in California. I hold a Master's degree from Alliant International University and boast over a decade of professional experience. Throughout my 11 years in practice, I have specialized in providing comprehensive support to adults spanning various age groups, addressing a wide spectrum of mental health conditions. I feel like the impact I have on clients is to help empower clients in defining meaningful and achievable goals that align with their personal growth and well-being, fostering a sense of ownership and motivation throughout their therapeutic journey.
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) practicing in California. I hold a Master's degree from Alliant International University and boast over a decade of professional experience. Throughout my 11 years in practice, I have specialized in providing comprehensive support to adults spanning various age groups, addressing a wide spectrum of mental health conditions. I feel like the impact I have on clients is to help empower clients in defining meaningful and achievable goals that align with their personal growth and well-being, fostering a sense of ownership and motivation throughout their therapeutic journey.
(562) 568-7358 View (562) 568-7358
Photo of Brittney Walker, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Brittney Walker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Downey, CA 90242
Hi there, I'm Brittney, I am licensed in California with nine years of therapy experience. I have experience helping clients with stress, anxiety, relationship issues, family conflicts, trauma, and abuse. I believe in treating everyone with respect, sensitivity, and compassion. I bring a unique approach as I embrace the Afrocentric perspective and can provide culturally sensitive therapy to minorities through education from an HBCU and my being a minority from the inner city. I have experience with adults from 18-85 from different ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds. I am here to de-stigmatize mental health and have a therapist!
Hi there, I'm Brittney, I am licensed in California with nine years of therapy experience. I have experience helping clients with stress, anxiety, relationship issues, family conflicts, trauma, and abuse. I believe in treating everyone with respect, sensitivity, and compassion. I bring a unique approach as I embrace the Afrocentric perspective and can provide culturally sensitive therapy to minorities through education from an HBCU and my being a minority from the inner city. I have experience with adults from 18-85 from different ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds. I am here to de-stigmatize mental health and have a therapist!
(949) 989-5736 View (949) 989-5736
Photo of Gina Cordato, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Gina Cordato
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Downey, CA 90241
Hello! My name is Gina Cordato. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker dedicated to providing compassionate and effective therapy to individuals facing various challenges. With a client-centered approach, I create a safe and supportive environment where clients can explore their thoughts, feelings, and experiences. I believe in the power of collaboration and work closely with each client to tailor treatment plans to their unique needs and goals. Whether you're navigating life transitions, struggling with mental health issues, or seeking personal growth, I am here to support you on your journey toward healing and self-discovery.
Hello! My name is Gina Cordato. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker dedicated to providing compassionate and effective therapy to individuals facing various challenges. With a client-centered approach, I create a safe and supportive environment where clients can explore their thoughts, feelings, and experiences. I believe in the power of collaboration and work closely with each client to tailor treatment plans to their unique needs and goals. Whether you're navigating life transitions, struggling with mental health issues, or seeking personal growth, I am here to support you on your journey toward healing and self-discovery.
(949) 978-0150 View (949) 978-0150
1
Addiction Therapists

What is the best therapy for addiction?

Addiction treatment will be tailored to the individual. People seeking help for addiction—whether with a psychotherapist, in an outpatient clinic, or in a residential program—should expect to engage in multiple types of treatments, sometimes including medication. For anyone recovering from addiction, avoiding situations in which one has typically used a substance is essential, as is the support of close connections. Since substance use disorders tend to co-occur with underlying mental health conditions such as anxiety or depression, those must also be addressed as part of any recovery plan.

How long does therapy for addiction take?

There is no set timeline for recovery from addiction. Patients and their families should expect the work to last several months, if not longer. Residential treatment programs may be based on a stay of 30, 60, or 90 days, with continuing work after release, but only about 1 percent of people are treated in such facilities. Ceasing use is just the first step; therapy to help maintain abstinence and effect behavior change must follow. The process of recovery, neuroscience has shown, involves brain cells recovering the capacity to respond to natural sources of reward and restore control over the impulse to use. Another definition of recovery is restoring voluntary control over one’s substance use and retaking all of one’s previous responsibilities.

How effective is drug addiction treatment?

Substance use disorders are treatable and remission is achievable for many who seek recovery; by some estimates, more than three-quarters of people who become addicted to alcohol or drugs recover. But that success rarely occurs quickly or on a set timeline; relapse is not only common, but many therapists and clinicians view it as a normal part of the process—not always a sign that a person has returned to addiction, but a signal that their treatment should be adjusted to help them regain control. Overall, research suggests, five years after the end of substance use, one’s risk of relapse is no greater than that of others who had not faced addiction. Other experts believe that complete abstinence is not the only measure of recovery, and that, through effective treatment, many people can learn to control their use.

How can you get addiction treatment for someone?

The most important factor in recovery from addiction is widely understood to be an individual’s commitment to change. For that reason,“interventions” in which friends and family gather to urge or force someone to begin immediate treatment often backfire; even when such efforts do lead someone to begin treatment, they may be less likely to stay than those who are self-driven. Still, family members can play an important role in supporting an individual who seeks help and can take part in family therapy as one element of a loved one’s treatment.