Depression Therapists in Chico, CA

Photo of Nancy Ellner, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Nancy Ellner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chico, CA 95928  (Online Only)
One of my greatest passions in life is my work as a therapist. With warmth, humor and compassion, I help others to heal and move forward in their lives. Perhaps, you are feeling "stuck"- overwhelmed by feelings of anxiety or depression, relationship problems, issues related to aging or chronic illness. loneliness, grief or a vague sense that something feels "off." Coping with life's daily stresses can take a toll on your quality of life, making it increasingly difficult to find & experience meaning and joy. These are difficult times, difficult issues, & sometimes it's hard to get through them alone.
One of my greatest passions in life is my work as a therapist. With warmth, humor and compassion, I help others to heal and move forward in their lives. Perhaps, you are feeling "stuck"- overwhelmed by feelings of anxiety or depression, relationship problems, issues related to aging or chronic illness. loneliness, grief or a vague sense that something feels "off." Coping with life's daily stresses can take a toll on your quality of life, making it increasingly difficult to find & experience meaning and joy. These are difficult times, difficult issues, & sometimes it's hard to get through them alone.
(530) 645-9474 View (530) 645-9474
Daedalys R Wilson
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Chico, CA 95928
My name is Daedalys Wilson. I am a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist. I have been working with adults, adolescents, children and couples in a therapeutic manner for over 20 years. I can competently assist others with challenges associated with depression, anxiety, trauma, relationships and parenting skills. I have had the opportunity to help others with facing challenges in their lives that have been overwhelming and assisted them with those issues becoming manageable in their daily lives.
My name is Daedalys Wilson. I am a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist. I have been working with adults, adolescents, children and couples in a therapeutic manner for over 20 years. I can competently assist others with challenges associated with depression, anxiety, trauma, relationships and parenting skills. I have had the opportunity to help others with facing challenges in their lives that have been overwhelming and assisted them with those issues becoming manageable in their daily lives.
(530) 625-7293 View (530) 625-7293
Photo of Tim Quinn, MA, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Tim Quinn
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
Chico, CA 95928  (Online Only)
Is it time for you to make some changes? Want to prevent divorce? Having trouble just talking to each other? Feeling depressed, anxious, hopeless? There's warm, professional, sensitive and good-humored help available, using competence gained from many years of experience. I help couples with high conflict, including infidelity, who want to save, or simply improve, their relationship. I also have extensive experience and training in treating anxiety, panic, stress, anger, depression, and substance abuse problems. I take satisfaction in successful outcomes with clients who believed therapy could never help (I'm also LGBTQ friendly).
Is it time for you to make some changes? Want to prevent divorce? Having trouble just talking to each other? Feeling depressed, anxious, hopeless? There's warm, professional, sensitive and good-humored help available, using competence gained from many years of experience. I help couples with high conflict, including infidelity, who want to save, or simply improve, their relationship. I also have extensive experience and training in treating anxiety, panic, stress, anger, depression, and substance abuse problems. I take satisfaction in successful outcomes with clients who believed therapy could never help (I'm also LGBTQ friendly).
(530) 719-4019 View (530) 719-4019
Photo of Jessy Maranto, AMFT, APCC, MA, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Jessy Maranto
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT, APCC, MA
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Chico, CA 95928
Just when you think you are getting used to one phase of life, the next one throws you a curve ball. Whether your life includes being single, adjusting to marriage or parenthood, raising a teen, children leaving the home, or adjusting to retirement, each phase brings plenty of unique challenges. Issues such as anxiety, depression, stress, and life dissatisfaction can seem like constant companions through it all. It can feel exhausting! Life should not be about working so hard yet feeling so flat!
Just when you think you are getting used to one phase of life, the next one throws you a curve ball. Whether your life includes being single, adjusting to marriage or parenthood, raising a teen, children leaving the home, or adjusting to retirement, each phase brings plenty of unique challenges. Issues such as anxiety, depression, stress, and life dissatisfaction can seem like constant companions through it all. It can feel exhausting! Life should not be about working so hard yet feeling so flat!
(530) 572-5685 View (530) 572-5685
Photo of Jennifer Miller, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Jennifer Miller
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Chico, CA 95926
My name is Dr. Jennifer Miller, LMFT. I have been working in mental health for 17 years in both outpatient and inpatient settings. The focus of my practice has been to support folks experiencing anxiety, depression, and addiction in building healthy, adaptive coping mechanisms to increase their quality of life. I have experience working with clients from ages 10 to 92 years old. In my private practice I am currently working with clients ages 18 years and older, who are experiencing symptoms of anxiety, depression or have substance use concerns.
My name is Dr. Jennifer Miller, LMFT. I have been working in mental health for 17 years in both outpatient and inpatient settings. The focus of my practice has been to support folks experiencing anxiety, depression, and addiction in building healthy, adaptive coping mechanisms to increase their quality of life. I have experience working with clients from ages 10 to 92 years old. In my private practice I am currently working with clients ages 18 years and older, who are experiencing symptoms of anxiety, depression or have substance use concerns.
(530) 625-7681 View (530) 625-7681
Photo of Earl Villorente, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Earl Villorente
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chico, CA 95926
I am most comfortable working with teens and adults dealing with grief, depression, anxiety, substance abuse, and difficulty managing work, school, and/or life transitions.
Hello, my name is Earl Villorente. I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and I provide individual therapy via telehealth. It is my goal to provide a safe space for us to work together to reduce symptoms and promote positive change to help you heal and enjoy a meaningful life. I specialize in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to address symptoms by working on unhealthy thinking and behavior patterns - and creating or improving healthy ones. I also use therapeutic lenses of strength-based, client-centered, and solution-focused to help you identify and achieve your goals.
I am most comfortable working with teens and adults dealing with grief, depression, anxiety, substance abuse, and difficulty managing work, school, and/or life transitions.
Hello, my name is Earl Villorente. I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and I provide individual therapy via telehealth. It is my goal to provide a safe space for us to work together to reduce symptoms and promote positive change to help you heal and enjoy a meaningful life. I specialize in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to address symptoms by working on unhealthy thinking and behavior patterns - and creating or improving healthy ones. I also use therapeutic lenses of strength-based, client-centered, and solution-focused to help you identify and achieve your goals.
(530) 489-5589 View (530) 489-5589
Photo of Joanne Nitchman, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Joanne Nitchman
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Chico, CA 95926
Are you having trouble in your marriage, your relationships, suffering with depression, grief, trauma,etc? Sometimes all it takes is a kind heart and a listening ear from someone who cares enough to walk beside you and help you overcome those challenges.
Hi, my name is Joanne Nitchman, LMFT. I am genuine, empathic and authentic. I can incorporate my life experiences in a way that helps people navigate anxiety, depression, relationship struggles, trauma, grief and loss. I use a Cognitive Behavior Therapy approach along with being person centered. I also can provide EMDR and Brainspotting. There’s always hope and I will partner with you to help you discover your way forward.I enjoy working with adults, elders and couples.
Are you having trouble in your marriage, your relationships, suffering with depression, grief, trauma,etc? Sometimes all it takes is a kind heart and a listening ear from someone who cares enough to walk beside you and help you overcome those challenges.
Hi, my name is Joanne Nitchman, LMFT. I am genuine, empathic and authentic. I can incorporate my life experiences in a way that helps people navigate anxiety, depression, relationship struggles, trauma, grief and loss. I use a Cognitive Behavior Therapy approach along with being person centered. I also can provide EMDR and Brainspotting. There’s always hope and I will partner with you to help you discover your way forward.I enjoy working with adults, elders and couples.
(530) 627-2474 View (530) 627-2474
Photo of Lisa Hancock, MS, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Lisa Hancock
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, MFT
Verified Verified
Chico, CA 95928
This is a powerful tool to transform trauma, negative beliefs, depression, anxiety, and other troubling conditions often times quite rapidly.
Accepting New Clients. In my 21 years of supporting people with all sorts of issues, it’s certainly clear that we just don’t get through life unscathed. We can find ourselves feeling overwhelmed and we can even feel unsafe. You may be experiencing an impasse and struggle to connect in your relationships. Maybe you have taken on negative beliefs about yourself. Having had tough transitions or traumatic events, you may now want some assistance. I offer a warm and authentic relationship creating safety to assist as you find your way.
This is a powerful tool to transform trauma, negative beliefs, depression, anxiety, and other troubling conditions often times quite rapidly.
Accepting New Clients. In my 21 years of supporting people with all sorts of issues, it’s certainly clear that we just don’t get through life unscathed. We can find ourselves feeling overwhelmed and we can even feel unsafe. You may be experiencing an impasse and struggle to connect in your relationships. Maybe you have taken on negative beliefs about yourself. Having had tough transitions or traumatic events, you may now want some assistance. I offer a warm and authentic relationship creating safety to assist as you find your way.
(530) 419-5232 View (530) 419-5232
Photo of Devin Lee Collins, MS, AMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Devin Lee Collins
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MS, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chico, CA 95926
Welcome! My name is Devin Collins. I am an Associate Marriage and Family therapist with the goal of helping individuals navigate the challenges of life. I have experience working with those who struggle with anxiety, depression, and trauma. When anyone struggles with any kind of mental health concern, I believe it is important to have a safe space to be able to process thoughts, feelings, and experiences. I would like to be that person to provide you with a helpful, comforting, and healing space.
Welcome! My name is Devin Collins. I am an Associate Marriage and Family therapist with the goal of helping individuals navigate the challenges of life. I have experience working with those who struggle with anxiety, depression, and trauma. When anyone struggles with any kind of mental health concern, I believe it is important to have a safe space to be able to process thoughts, feelings, and experiences. I would like to be that person to provide you with a helpful, comforting, and healing space.
(530) 288-6661 View (530) 288-6661
Photo of Melissa Croley, MFT, MEd, Marriage & Family Therapist
Melissa Croley
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT, MEd
Verified Verified
Chico, CA 95928
My speciality has included working with children with depression, anxiety, ADHD, divorce/trauma, and academic and/or behavioral issues; teens/college students with depression, anxiety, trauma, substance abuse, and eating disorders; and adults experiencing depression, anxiety, divorce, and overwhelming stress.
I have over 25 years of experience in treating adults, teens, and children struggling with depression, anxiety, divorce, trauma, substance abuse, self-harm, ADHD, behavior/academic problems, and eating disorders. My speciality has been working with adolescents. I’ve developed mental health programs for high-risk youth, and have extensive background in helping people with overwhelming stress. While working with youth, I will also assist parents in strengthening their family relationships and parenting skills.
My speciality has included working with children with depression, anxiety, ADHD, divorce/trauma, and academic and/or behavioral issues; teens/college students with depression, anxiety, trauma, substance abuse, and eating disorders; and adults experiencing depression, anxiety, divorce, and overwhelming stress.
I have over 25 years of experience in treating adults, teens, and children struggling with depression, anxiety, divorce, trauma, substance abuse, self-harm, ADHD, behavior/academic problems, and eating disorders. My speciality has been working with adolescents. I’ve developed mental health programs for high-risk youth, and have extensive background in helping people with overwhelming stress. While working with youth, I will also assist parents in strengthening their family relationships and parenting skills.
(530) 287-6679 View (530) 287-6679
Photo of Shelley Dukes, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Shelley Dukes
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
Chico, CA 95928
Individuals come to me for a variety of problems; most often to improve the quality of their life and get relief from nagging self-doubt, anxiety, depression and emotional distress due to life changes and loss. They come to me for clarity, direction and tools to move beyond old patterns and take action to achieve a greater sense of freedom, fulfillment and authenticity.
Individuals come to me for a variety of problems; most often to improve the quality of their life and get relief from nagging self-doubt, anxiety, depression and emotional distress due to life changes and loss. They come to me for clarity, direction and tools to move beyond old patterns and take action to achieve a greater sense of freedom, fulfillment and authenticity.
(530) 475-6712 View (530) 475-6712
Photo of Charlene Sara Coscarelli, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Charlene Sara Coscarelli
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Chico, CA 95926
Whether it's depression, anxiety, relationship issues or trauma having a therapist you can trust is essential to the healing process.
I am dedicated to helping my clients achieve their goals. Many people come to me because they're experiencing problems in various areas of their life and they need someone to share things they can't share with anyone else.
Whether it's depression, anxiety, relationship issues or trauma having a therapist you can trust is essential to the healing process.
I am dedicated to helping my clients achieve their goals. Many people come to me because they're experiencing problems in various areas of their life and they need someone to share things they can't share with anyone else.
(530) 464-1515 View (530) 464-1515
Photo of Jennifer Cowley, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Jennifer Cowley
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chico, CA 95928
Hello, I’m Jennifer! My name is Jennifer Cowley. I am a Licensed Marriage Family Therapist (LMFT) based in Butte County, California, working with clients statewide via telehealth. I have a passion for helping individuals navigate life’s challenges. I enjoy working with adults 18-65 specializing in anxiety, stress, perinatal disorders, grief and loss, depression, mood disorders, and trauma.
Hello, I’m Jennifer! My name is Jennifer Cowley. I am a Licensed Marriage Family Therapist (LMFT) based in Butte County, California, working with clients statewide via telehealth. I have a passion for helping individuals navigate life’s challenges. I enjoy working with adults 18-65 specializing in anxiety, stress, perinatal disorders, grief and loss, depression, mood disorders, and trauma.
(909) 655-4614 View (909) 655-4614
Photo of Shelley Bullen, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Shelley Bullen
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Chico, CA 95926
Over the last 20 years I have worked within Chico schools, Behavioral Health agencies, and Family Court as a Court Mediator. I enjoy working with adults, children and teens. My areas of specialty are Anxiety, Depression, Post-traumatic stress (EMDR), parenting issues, parental alienation, adolescent behavior issues, anger issues and Child play therapy. I have been effective in working with clients to identify their or parent's goals to overcome their personal barriers. I enjoy engaging clients to help them achieve their full potential, end their emotional distress, and communicate better.
Over the last 20 years I have worked within Chico schools, Behavioral Health agencies, and Family Court as a Court Mediator. I enjoy working with adults, children and teens. My areas of specialty are Anxiety, Depression, Post-traumatic stress (EMDR), parenting issues, parental alienation, adolescent behavior issues, anger issues and Child play therapy. I have been effective in working with clients to identify their or parent's goals to overcome their personal barriers. I enjoy engaging clients to help them achieve their full potential, end their emotional distress, and communicate better.
(530) 404-5568 View (530) 404-5568
Ebony Brown
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chico, CA 95926  (Online Only)
My name is Ebony Brown, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I have over 8 years of experience working with all populations. I have experience working with individuals struggling with anxiety, PTSD, self-esteem, depression, behavioral & mental health concerns, suicidal ideation, grief, and severe trauma. I believe that strengthening therapeutic alliance is established through trust, transparency, and creating a safe environment through a non-judgmental approach.
My name is Ebony Brown, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I have over 8 years of experience working with all populations. I have experience working with individuals struggling with anxiety, PTSD, self-esteem, depression, behavioral & mental health concerns, suicidal ideation, grief, and severe trauma. I believe that strengthening therapeutic alliance is established through trust, transparency, and creating a safe environment through a non-judgmental approach.
(530) 418-9404 View (530) 418-9404
Photo of Laura Skaggs, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Laura Skaggs
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Chico, CA 95926
Has depression, anxiety, trauma or just day-to-day life got in the way of you living your happiest and most fulfilled life? Or maybe work, school, friends or family have become overwhelming? Are you ready to take back some of your power and get on the path to feeling better? Well then welcome! My goal as a therapist is to help you get back to feeling your best self while working through some of the stress and difficulties that life often throws at us. I truly believe everyone has the capability to heal, change, grow and learn - we sometimes just need a little help to get us there.
Has depression, anxiety, trauma or just day-to-day life got in the way of you living your happiest and most fulfilled life? Or maybe work, school, friends or family have become overwhelming? Are you ready to take back some of your power and get on the path to feeling better? Well then welcome! My goal as a therapist is to help you get back to feeling your best self while working through some of the stress and difficulties that life often throws at us. I truly believe everyone has the capability to heal, change, grow and learn - we sometimes just need a little help to get us there.
(530) 789-3114 View (530) 789-3114
Photo of Nancy Lynn Neidhardt, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Nancy Lynn Neidhardt
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Chico, CA 95926
Hello there! My name is Nancy L. Neidhardt and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. Are Anxiety/ Depression showing up more often than you feel able to handle? Sometimes life presents us with challenges that either seem insurmountable or are just better tackled with someone by our side. I would like to be that person. I absolutely love working with people of all ages, especially elders, families, and couples . My biggest strength as a counselor is that I am in awe with each and every life story I am told, and feel honored when clients trust me on their healing journey. I hope you will embark on yours with me!
Hello there! My name is Nancy L. Neidhardt and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. Are Anxiety/ Depression showing up more often than you feel able to handle? Sometimes life presents us with challenges that either seem insurmountable or are just better tackled with someone by our side. I would like to be that person. I absolutely love working with people of all ages, especially elders, families, and couples . My biggest strength as a counselor is that I am in awe with each and every life story I am told, and feel honored when clients trust me on their healing journey. I hope you will embark on yours with me!
(530) 451-3662 View (530) 451-3662
Photo of Joel Minden, PhD, Psychologist
Joel Minden
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chico, CA 95928
I'm a licensed clinical psychologist specializing in cognitive behavior therapy for anxiety, OCD, depression, and relationship problems.
If you struggle with anxiety or depression, you know how difficult it can be to cope. Anxiety is easy to recognize. We worry more, avoid difficult situations, and feel tense, awkward, or ineffective. Depression feels exhausting and hopeless. We judge ourselves and other people harshly, feel intense sadness, and become passive. It can feel like we can't do anything right or that things never go our way. Imagine being more active, skilled, and competent, communicating more effectively in relationships, being more productive at work or school, and feeling more satisfied with life.
I'm a licensed clinical psychologist specializing in cognitive behavior therapy for anxiety, OCD, depression, and relationship problems.
If you struggle with anxiety or depression, you know how difficult it can be to cope. Anxiety is easy to recognize. We worry more, avoid difficult situations, and feel tense, awkward, or ineffective. Depression feels exhausting and hopeless. We judge ourselves and other people harshly, feel intense sadness, and become passive. It can feel like we can't do anything right or that things never go our way. Imagine being more active, skilled, and competent, communicating more effectively in relationships, being more productive at work or school, and feeling more satisfied with life.
(530) 625-3317 View (530) 625-3317
Photo of Sophie Madsen, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sophie Madsen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chico, CA 95928  (Online Only)
NEW! Now providing individual clinical supervision for registered interns in pre-licensure. My goal as a therapist is to empower my clients on their journey towards mental wellness. Through a blend of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), mindfulness practices, and emotional regulation techniques, I work collaboratively with clients to navigate anxiety, depression, and various mental health challenges. By fostering self-awareness, resilience, and positive coping strategies, I aim to support my clients in achieving lasting emotional well-being and a renewed sense of purpose in their lives.
NEW! Now providing individual clinical supervision for registered interns in pre-licensure. My goal as a therapist is to empower my clients on their journey towards mental wellness. Through a blend of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), mindfulness practices, and emotional regulation techniques, I work collaboratively with clients to navigate anxiety, depression, and various mental health challenges. By fostering self-awareness, resilience, and positive coping strategies, I aim to support my clients in achieving lasting emotional well-being and a renewed sense of purpose in their lives.
(530) 404-5193 View (530) 404-5193
Photo of Elizabeth McGregor, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Elizabeth McGregor
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Chico, CA 95928
Looking for a therapist to help you navigate moving forward with life while living with anxiety, depression, or impacts from trauma? You've come to the right place! You can expect to be listened to and respected while we work together to improve your experience in life. We will assess what's happening and set goals to get you where you want to be. No matter how far off-course you feel, there is hope to turn things around!
Looking for a therapist to help you navigate moving forward with life while living with anxiety, depression, or impacts from trauma? You've come to the right place! You can expect to be listened to and respected while we work together to improve your experience in life. We will assess what's happening and set goals to get you where you want to be. No matter how far off-course you feel, there is hope to turn things around!
(530) 491-4374 View (530) 491-4374
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Depression Therapists

What is the goal of therapy for depression?

Therapy for depression has several major goals. One is to relieve the mental pain of depression, which distorts feeling and thinking so that sufferers cannot see beyond their current state of mind or envision feeling better. Another is to give people the mental tools to recognize and correct the kinds of distorted thinking that turn a problem into a catastrophe and lead to despair. Therapy also teaches people how to process negative emotions in constructive ways, so they have more control over their own emotional reactivity. And it helps people regain the ability to see themselves positively, the motivation to do things, and the capacity for pleasure.

What happens in therapy for depression?

Perhaps most important, no matter the type of therapy, patients form an alliance with the therapist; that connection is therapeutic in itself, plus it becomes an instrument of change. Patients learn to identify and to challenge their own erroneous beliefs and thoughts that amplify the effects of negative experiences. They learn to identify situations in which they are especially vulnerable. And they learn new patterns of thinking and behaving. They may be given “homework” assignments in which they practice their developing skills. In addition, good therapists regularly monitor patients to assess whether and how much the condition is improving.

What therapy types help with depression?

Several types of short-term therapy have been found effective, each targeting one or more areas of dysfunction. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) helps clients challenge their negative thoughts and beliefs, learn new behavioral strategies, and curb reactivity to distressing situations. Behavioral activation (BA) is a form of therapy often used in conjunction with CBT; it focuses on engagement in rewarding activity as a pathway to changing negative feelings and disturbed mood. Another widely used approach is interpersonal therapy (IPT), which targets the social difficulties that both give rise to and get exacerbated by depression. Therapists may combine approaches as needed.

Can therapy for depression be done online?

Studies have found that online therapy can be highly effective for treating depression, although it may be more challenging to build a good therapist-patient alliance on screen than in person—at least at first. However, online therapy can offer considerable advantages. Accessibility and convenience are tops among them. Some people actually find it easier to talk about problems online than in person. While online therapy typically limits visibility of facial expression and body gestures that give important nonverbal cues to a patient’s state of mind, it can give therapists a glimpse into a patient’s world and life, providing information that can be highly useful in guiding therapy.

How effective is therapy for depression?

Many studies show that therapy is highly effective provided that patients complete the prescribed course of therapy, commonly 16 to 20 sessions. Over the long term, it is more effective than medication and the effects are more enduring. As a result, psychotherapy has the power not just to relieve current suffering but to prevent future episodes of the disorder. Therapy reverses the dysfunction in neural circuitry that disposes individuals to a negative view of themselves, the world, and their future and they acquire coping techniques, problem-solving skills, and understanding of their own vulnerabilities that are useful over the course of a lifetime.