Biofeedback Therapists in Calabasas, CA

Photo of Dr. Willie G Brown, PhD
Dr. Willie G Brown
PhD
Verified Verified
Calabasas, CA 91302
Tools and Approaches that we will include are: Talking and Listening, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Biofeedback, Applied behavioral Analysis.
Greetings, Are you dealing with some life challenges? The challenges of growing up, parenting, and navigating the vicissitudes of relationships, and work, and careers, are often very daunting. Sometimes we all can use some guidance and direction and coaching when we encounter life's challenges and difficulties. Coaching and guiding young people, mothers, fathers, sisters, brothers, workers, and friends, is what I do in my life and my profession. I coach and guide them to more productive attitudes, and thinking, and behavior. I coach and guide them to be better equipped to meet the challenges that they encounter in their lives,
Tools and Approaches that we will include are: Talking and Listening, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Biofeedback, Applied behavioral Analysis.
Greetings, Are you dealing with some life challenges? The challenges of growing up, parenting, and navigating the vicissitudes of relationships, and work, and careers, are often very daunting. Sometimes we all can use some guidance and direction and coaching when we encounter life's challenges and difficulties. Coaching and guiding young people, mothers, fathers, sisters, brothers, workers, and friends, is what I do in my life and my profession. I coach and guide them to more productive attitudes, and thinking, and behavior. I coach and guide them to be better equipped to meet the challenges that they encounter in their lives,
(805) 420-7656 View (805) 420-7656
Photo of Markias Kaiyan Littlejohn, LCSW , LISW-CP, CST, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Markias Kaiyan Littlejohn
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW , LISW-CP, CST
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Calabasas, CA 91302  (Online Only)
¡It’s time to Live and not Exist! As successful individuals we often address issues alone! There is Help, Discretion, and Support available. You can have fulfillment in life, reconnect to the person you want to be, rediscover your purpose, and have the existence you desire. Honestly, life is complicated, but therapy can provide solutions to make life manageable and enjoyable. Click the link and start your journey.
¡It’s time to Live and not Exist! As successful individuals we often address issues alone! There is Help, Discretion, and Support available. You can have fulfillment in life, reconnect to the person you want to be, rediscover your purpose, and have the existence you desire. Honestly, life is complicated, but therapy can provide solutions to make life manageable and enjoyable. Click the link and start your journey.
(562) 372-6030 View (562) 372-6030
Photo of Debra Warner, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Debra Warner
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Calabasas, CA 91301
Waitlist for new clients
If you are looking for a change from talk therapy to help you achieve your goals, please contact me. I specialize in use of Brain Based Therapies and offer Ketamine Assisted Psychotherapy, EMDR, Brainspotting and EEG informed Neurofeedback. Brain-based therapies are one of the fastest-growing areas in psychological health and combine the strength of brain-based, somatic and talk therapies into a powerful healing process. Together we can accelerate the ability for your brain to activate its own natural healing.
If you are looking for a change from talk therapy to help you achieve your goals, please contact me. I specialize in use of Brain Based Therapies and offer Ketamine Assisted Psychotherapy, EMDR, Brainspotting and EEG informed Neurofeedback. Brain-based therapies are one of the fastest-growing areas in psychological health and combine the strength of brain-based, somatic and talk therapies into a powerful healing process. Together we can accelerate the ability for your brain to activate its own natural healing.
(805) 214-6608 View (805) 214-6608
Photo of Kelly Anderson - Wellness Therapy of San Diego, PhD, Psychologist
Wellness Therapy of San Diego
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Calabasas, CA 91301
Feeling overwhelmed and struggling to find balance in your life is a common experience many can relate to. These concerns can have a significant impact on your overall well-being and hinder your personal growth. Our dedicated interdisciplinary team is here to support you on your journey toward transformative changes. We provide personalized strategies that align with your unique values, fostering growth and facilitating recovery. Through one or more services, based on your needs, we empower you to achieve a life that is whole, healthy, and aligned with your goals.
Feeling overwhelmed and struggling to find balance in your life is a common experience many can relate to. These concerns can have a significant impact on your overall well-being and hinder your personal growth. Our dedicated interdisciplinary team is here to support you on your journey toward transformative changes. We provide personalized strategies that align with your unique values, fostering growth and facilitating recovery. Through one or more services, based on your needs, we empower you to achieve a life that is whole, healthy, and aligned with your goals.
(619) 202-1239 View (619) 202-1239
Photo of Matthew Chase Snyder, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Matthew Chase Snyder
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Calabasas, CA 91301
Growing up, few were taught how to get out of their head, cope with anxiety, depression, or anger. There was no class on this. We learned from the people around us and TV to avoid things, drink, yell, lie, shut down, isolate, spend money, and worry. So for most people, the method of dealing with their problems don't quite cut it. That's why it's vital to learn skills to have control over emotions so that emotions don't have control over you. My goal is to provide you these skills, insight, hope and a chance to change in meaningful ways.
Growing up, few were taught how to get out of their head, cope with anxiety, depression, or anger. There was no class on this. We learned from the people around us and TV to avoid things, drink, yell, lie, shut down, isolate, spend money, and worry. So for most people, the method of dealing with their problems don't quite cut it. That's why it's vital to learn skills to have control over emotions so that emotions don't have control over you. My goal is to provide you these skills, insight, hope and a chance to change in meaningful ways.
(747) 246-7221 View (747) 246-7221
Photo of Franchesca Haselrig - Fran's Family Counseling, Prof Inc., MA, PPS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Fran's Family Counseling, Prof Inc.
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, PPS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Calabasas, CA 91301
Mental Health Matters. Telephone/Online Video. I may assist with providing the tools you need to manage life at home, school, work and have healthy relationships with those in your life. I only accept individuals as I help each person learn to communicate with your spouse and family members. I only accept Inland Empire Health Plan (IEHP) insurance and TriCare West. For non members I have a current $175 cash pay special for a 60 minute counseling session. Ask about the $ 125 sliding scale fee for those that qualify. Cash app: $mhmatters2 Don't have cash app and need pay a different way? Contact me.
Mental Health Matters. Telephone/Online Video. I may assist with providing the tools you need to manage life at home, school, work and have healthy relationships with those in your life. I only accept individuals as I help each person learn to communicate with your spouse and family members. I only accept Inland Empire Health Plan (IEHP) insurance and TriCare West. For non members I have a current $175 cash pay special for a 60 minute counseling session. Ask about the $ 125 sliding scale fee for those that qualify. Cash app: $mhmatters2 Don't have cash app and need pay a different way? Contact me.
(442) 244-9054 View (442) 244-9054
Photo of Alison Cook Ross, LMFT, CEDS, Marriage & Family Therapist
Alison Cook Ross
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CEDS
Verified Verified
Calabasas, CA 91301
Hi, I'm Alison Ross, certified eating disorder specialist and licensed psychotherapist. Having recovered from disordered eating and body image myself, I am passionate about helping my clients heal their relationship with food and their bodies.
Hi, I'm Alison Ross, certified eating disorder specialist and licensed psychotherapist. Having recovered from disordered eating and body image myself, I am passionate about helping my clients heal their relationship with food and their bodies.
(323) 792-2456 View (323) 792-2456

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Daniel Knox, CADC I, SUDCC, MBA, Drug & Alcohol Counselor
Daniel Knox
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, CADC I, SUDCC, MBA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Malibu, CA 90263
I also help manage withdrawal effects from drugs, alcohol, and prescription medication, including antidepressants, with the use of biofeedback.
Addictive tendencies, substance abuse, and overindulgence, are often rooted in trauma. That’s one of those scary, stigmatized words that’s easy to dismiss. “My experiences weren’t traumatic, it’s not like I had it as bad as some people”. It’s also easy to dismiss the effects. “I’m not traumatized, I’m just like this." In its wake are depression, anxiety, and the need for “something more.” You’re not alone. There are a lot of us out here, and we’ve grasped on to things that felt like they could help. Our personal collections of coping mechanisms can be messy, and sometimes they just don’t work anymore.
I also help manage withdrawal effects from drugs, alcohol, and prescription medication, including antidepressants, with the use of biofeedback.
Addictive tendencies, substance abuse, and overindulgence, are often rooted in trauma. That’s one of those scary, stigmatized words that’s easy to dismiss. “My experiences weren’t traumatic, it’s not like I had it as bad as some people”. It’s also easy to dismiss the effects. “I’m not traumatized, I’m just like this." In its wake are depression, anxiety, and the need for “something more.” You’re not alone. There are a lot of us out here, and we’ve grasped on to things that felt like they could help. Our personal collections of coping mechanisms can be messy, and sometimes they just don’t work anymore.
(310) 890-6558 View (310) 890-6558
Photo of Julie Colfax, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Julie Colfax
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Simi Valley, CA 93065
Hello, I am Julie Pennington (previously Colfax) LMFT. As a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, I work with people of all ages, levels of development, abilities, and stages of life. My focus is on you, your goals for yourself, and your family in the therapy space. The majority of the clients I see working to recover from trauma and minimize the impact or development of trauma responses (Acute Stress Disorder or PTSD), dealing with depression (bipolar or unipolar), anxiety, neuro-divergent and differently-abled, wanting to improve emotional management skills or work through substance use and addiction challenges.
Hello, I am Julie Pennington (previously Colfax) LMFT. As a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, I work with people of all ages, levels of development, abilities, and stages of life. My focus is on you, your goals for yourself, and your family in the therapy space. The majority of the clients I see working to recover from trauma and minimize the impact or development of trauma responses (Acute Stress Disorder or PTSD), dealing with depression (bipolar or unipolar), anxiety, neuro-divergent and differently-abled, wanting to improve emotional management skills or work through substance use and addiction challenges.
(805) 600-8854 View (805) 600-8854
Photo of Lenny Hughley, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lenny Hughley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Canoga Park, CA 91304
Hi, my name is Lenny Hughley, California license 112845. I like to create a space that is warm and nonjudgmental where individuals can freely talk about whatever they choose. My specialties include depression, anxiety, and stress management. Through therapy, I learned how to manage depression, anger, anxiety, and overcome low self-esteem. Through my practice I find it rewarding to help clients do the same.
Hi, my name is Lenny Hughley, California license 112845. I like to create a space that is warm and nonjudgmental where individuals can freely talk about whatever they choose. My specialties include depression, anxiety, and stress management. Through therapy, I learned how to manage depression, anger, anxiety, and overcome low self-esteem. Through my practice I find it rewarding to help clients do the same.
(760) 527-2253 View (760) 527-2253
Photo of Dr. Carrie E Jacobs - Carrie Jacobs PsyD LLC, PsyD, MA, CCS, CLC, LLC
Carrie Jacobs PsyD LLC
PsyD, MA, CCS, CLC, LLC
Verified Verified
Encino, CA 91316
An ideal client is someone who is ready to do the work and be honest. If I can establish a rapport with someone and the client/s are open and honest our journey begins. I have great retention with patients because they have had recognizable change while working with me. Whether it is self-awareness, confidence, or better understanding of themselves and how they relate to others (the list goes on) they are feeling growth and development.
An ideal client is someone who is ready to do the work and be honest. If I can establish a rapport with someone and the client/s are open and honest our journey begins. I have great retention with patients because they have had recognizable change while working with me. Whether it is self-awareness, confidence, or better understanding of themselves and how they relate to others (the list goes on) they are feeling growth and development.
(818) 450-5408 View (818) 450-5408
Photo of Layla Ashley, LMFT, CCH, CPLC, Marriage & Family Therapist
Layla Ashley
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CCH, CPLC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Malibu, CA 90265
Yes, I am accepting new clients and available for TELEHEALTH! Have you lost your passion and creativity? Do you feel stuck in your job or career path? Are you highly sensitive, feel overwhelmed or burned-out? Are your relationships suffering? I can help you transform your pain into feeling empowered, and use your gifts to fuel your relationships. I help you revive, focus, and succeed to bring your life and relationships to the highest potential. I bring 20 years of experience as a psychotherapist, specializing in treating couples, anxiety, PTSD, relationships/break-ups, life-purpose, creativity, grief/loss, and self-esteem building.
Yes, I am accepting new clients and available for TELEHEALTH! Have you lost your passion and creativity? Do you feel stuck in your job or career path? Are you highly sensitive, feel overwhelmed or burned-out? Are your relationships suffering? I can help you transform your pain into feeling empowered, and use your gifts to fuel your relationships. I help you revive, focus, and succeed to bring your life and relationships to the highest potential. I bring 20 years of experience as a psychotherapist, specializing in treating couples, anxiety, PTSD, relationships/break-ups, life-purpose, creativity, grief/loss, and self-esteem building.
(424) 326-0127 View (424) 326-0127
Photo of Kelly Wells - Changing Tides Counseling & Behavioral Health LLC, LCSW-C, LICSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Changing Tides Counseling & Behavioral Health LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C, LICSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Malibu, CA 90265
At Changing Tides Counseling & Behavioral Health LLC, we’re committed to providing you and your loved ones with exceptional care in a compassionate and friendly atmosphere. Located at the National Harbor, Changing Tides Counseling & Behavioral Health LLC provides a peaceful, safe, and welcoming environment to provide client's the best individualized care. We make an effort to make sure you always feel welcome and at ease. Whether you’re coming in for individual therapy, family therapy, couples therapy or for crisis care, our dedicated team of professionals have the skills and resources to manage your mental health needs.
At Changing Tides Counseling & Behavioral Health LLC, we’re committed to providing you and your loved ones with exceptional care in a compassionate and friendly atmosphere. Located at the National Harbor, Changing Tides Counseling & Behavioral Health LLC provides a peaceful, safe, and welcoming environment to provide client's the best individualized care. We make an effort to make sure you always feel welcome and at ease. Whether you’re coming in for individual therapy, family therapy, couples therapy or for crisis care, our dedicated team of professionals have the skills and resources to manage your mental health needs.
(240) 724-8053 View (240) 724-8053
Photo of Dr. Andrew J Leone, PsyD, Psychologist
Dr. Andrew J Leone
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Thousand Oaks, CA 91362  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Just living in today’s world can be difficult and exhausting. Many of us feel as if we are just “getting by.” We all struggle with our mental health, from daily conflict with others, feeling frustrated or irritable, painful past experiences(trauma), struggles with work and family, and anxious thoughts. These issues can hinder our ability to heal and grow. We can all use help at times, even if we don’t know how to ask for it. I provide comprehensive support and direct feedback to help guide you through this difficult journey, to reach a path that leads to healing, understanding, acceptance, and resolution.
Just living in today’s world can be difficult and exhausting. Many of us feel as if we are just “getting by.” We all struggle with our mental health, from daily conflict with others, feeling frustrated or irritable, painful past experiences(trauma), struggles with work and family, and anxious thoughts. These issues can hinder our ability to heal and grow. We can all use help at times, even if we don’t know how to ask for it. I provide comprehensive support and direct feedback to help guide you through this difficult journey, to reach a path that leads to healing, understanding, acceptance, and resolution.
(310) 361-0831 View (310) 361-0831
Photo of Cara Gardenswartz - GroupTherapyLA / GroupTherapyNY, PhD, Psychologist
GroupTherapyLA / GroupTherapyNY
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Malibu, CA 90263
At GroupTherapyLA and GroupTherapyNY, we are dedicated to helping you achieve your mental health goals. Our team of highly skilled therapists specializes in working with individuals, adults, children, couples, and families. We understand that each client is unique, and we tailor our therapeutic approach to meet your specific needs. Whether you are struggling with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, or life transitions, we are here to provide the support and guidance you need. What sets us apart is our commitment to personalized care. We also specialize in research-based treatment methodologies.
At GroupTherapyLA and GroupTherapyNY, we are dedicated to helping you achieve your mental health goals. Our team of highly skilled therapists specializes in working with individuals, adults, children, couples, and families. We understand that each client is unique, and we tailor our therapeutic approach to meet your specific needs. Whether you are struggling with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, or life transitions, we are here to provide the support and guidance you need. What sets us apart is our commitment to personalized care. We also specialize in research-based treatment methodologies.
(424) 409-5687 View (424) 409-5687
Photo of Edmon Artinyan - Lifespan: Center for Family Psychological Services, PsyD, Psychologist
Lifespan: Center for Family Psychological Services
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
9 Endorsed
Thousand Oaks, CA 91361
Lifespan is a center specializing in mental health diagnosis and treatment across all ages. We specialize in providing psychological testing, neuropsychological evaluations, and neurodevelopmental assessments and provide diagnostic clarity, referrals, resources, and treatment plans. We help in identifying learning disabilities, developmental disabilities, issues with attention, and memory and learning complaints, to name a few. Psychological testing can help to clarify between different diagnoses (e.g., ADHD vs Anxiety), provide answers about general difficulties you or your child may be having, and be used for schools to help accommodate you or your child’s needs. We help you better understand your strengths and identify areas of support. Furthermore, we specialize in pre-surgical evaluations (e.g., bariatric, reconstructive, etc.) and work directly with surgeons to optimize outcomes.
Lifespan is a center specializing in mental health diagnosis and treatment across all ages. We specialize in providing psychological testing, neuropsychological evaluations, and neurodevelopmental assessments and provide diagnostic clarity, referrals, resources, and treatment plans. We help in identifying learning disabilities, developmental disabilities, issues with attention, and memory and learning complaints, to name a few. Psychological testing can help to clarify between different diagnoses (e.g., ADHD vs Anxiety), provide answers about general difficulties you or your child may be having, and be used for schools to help accommodate you or your child’s needs. We help you better understand your strengths and identify areas of support. Furthermore, we specialize in pre-surgical evaluations (e.g., bariatric, reconstructive, etc.) and work directly with surgeons to optimize outcomes.
(805) 852-5039 View (805) 852-5039
Photo of Ricardo Dyk, CHT
Ricardo Dyk
CHT
Verified Verified
Tarzana, CA 91356
I graduated with honors from the Hypnosis Motivation Institute, the only Nationally Accredited college of hypnotherapy in the U.S. I have completed the following specialized certifications: Hypnosis and Pain Management,Hypnosis and Smoking Cessation, Therapeutic Imagery Facilitation, Hypnosis and Sports Performance, Hypnosis and Seniors, Past Life Regression, Hypnosis and ADD/ADHD, Hypnosis and Transgender Clients, Handwriting Analysis, and Hypnosis and Tinnitus. I am also trained in Reiki. I am a member of the Hypnotherapists Union and also affiliated with the American Hypnosis Association.
I graduated with honors from the Hypnosis Motivation Institute, the only Nationally Accredited college of hypnotherapy in the U.S. I have completed the following specialized certifications: Hypnosis and Pain Management,Hypnosis and Smoking Cessation, Therapeutic Imagery Facilitation, Hypnosis and Sports Performance, Hypnosis and Seniors, Past Life Regression, Hypnosis and ADD/ADHD, Hypnosis and Transgender Clients, Handwriting Analysis, and Hypnosis and Tinnitus. I am also trained in Reiki. I am a member of the Hypnotherapists Union and also affiliated with the American Hypnosis Association.
(818) 960-6401 View (818) 960-6401
Photo of Renée Glick, MA, MFT
Renée Glick
MA, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Malibu, CA 90265
Feeling stuck? Whether you’ve worked with a therapist or two, or have never been to therapy before, if things don’t seem to be working well, it may be time to do something different. Have you felt discouraged, lost or further isolated by disconnected, generic or rushed sessions? Are you looking to gain practical, actionable insight to become more self-aligned, empowered, and more consistently supported. Are you interested in sessions truly customized to you and your unique journey? Then take THIS opportunity toward positive change! Let this be your time, your season of new beginnings. Give me a call to begin...
Feeling stuck? Whether you’ve worked with a therapist or two, or have never been to therapy before, if things don’t seem to be working well, it may be time to do something different. Have you felt discouraged, lost or further isolated by disconnected, generic or rushed sessions? Are you looking to gain practical, actionable insight to become more self-aligned, empowered, and more consistently supported. Are you interested in sessions truly customized to you and your unique journey? Then take THIS opportunity toward positive change! Let this be your time, your season of new beginnings. Give me a call to begin...
(818) 369-3379 View (818) 369-3379
Photo of Perfectionist Solutions Coaching, MA, MCC, MS, LPC, Counselor
Perfectionist Solutions Coaching
Counselor, MA, MCC, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Malibu, CA 90263
On paper, you’ve got it together— isn’t it time you felt like it? Whether it’s becoming more present with people you love (no more catastrophizing), falling asleep without obsessing over your to-do list or exuding oodles more confidence in everything you do, my speciality is putting you back in charge so that you finally FEEL as amazing on the inside as your life looks on the outside.
On paper, you’ve got it together— isn’t it time you felt like it? Whether it’s becoming more present with people you love (no more catastrophizing), falling asleep without obsessing over your to-do list or exuding oodles more confidence in everything you do, my speciality is putting you back in charge so that you finally FEEL as amazing on the inside as your life looks on the outside.
(424) 667-6625 View (424) 667-6625
Photo of Jin Yi, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jin Yi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Simi Valley, CA 93063  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the state of California. I earned a Master’s Degree in Social Work from the University of Southern California. I have worked with people experiencing opioid addiction and helped those who struggled with substance use and their maladaptive coping strategies. In addition, I have had rich experiences working with older adults for many years. In life’s journey, people face many barriers facing mountains to climb and oceans to cross. I wish to help people to break those barriers and develop healthy coping skills to live a successful life. I'm fluent in Korean. 한국어 상담 가능합니다.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the state of California. I earned a Master’s Degree in Social Work from the University of Southern California. I have worked with people experiencing opioid addiction and helped those who struggled with substance use and their maladaptive coping strategies. In addition, I have had rich experiences working with older adults for many years. In life’s journey, people face many barriers facing mountains to climb and oceans to cross. I wish to help people to break those barriers and develop healthy coping skills to live a successful life. I'm fluent in Korean. 한국어 상담 가능합니다.
(626) 790-7448 View (626) 790-7448
Biofeedback Therapists

Can biofeedback help with anxiety?

Biofeedback is often used to treat anxiety, including generalized anxiety disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. Anecdotal evidence and some research studies have found that it can improve symptoms of these disorders, sometimes significantly; however, studies on biofeedback have typically been small and researchers have cautioned that many have significant limitations, such as limited follow-up or a lack of a control group.

Is biofeedback evidence-based?

There is some evidence that biofeedback can effectively treat certain conditions; for example, its efficacy in treating headaches and urinary incontinence is generally thought to be well-established. There is also promising, but less conclusive, evidence that it can aid in stroke recovery or help someone manage a mental health disorder such as anxiety, depression, or ADHD.

What is the difference between biofeedback and neurofeedback?

Neurofeedback is a type of biofeedback that measures brain activity specifically; it is typically used to treat psychological or neurodevelopmental concerns such as ADHD, depression, insomnia, or autism spectrum disorder. Biofeedback is a broader category that, in addition to neurofeedback, also includes electromyogram, heart rate variability, and thermal biofeedback, each of which measures a particular physiological function (muscle activity, heart rate, and skin temperature, respectively)

What are the limitations of biofeedback?

While biofeedback may be helpful for certain conditions, its efficacy is less assured for others, such as high blood pressure. People with certain health conditions such as heart arrhythmia may not be able to benefit from biofeedback because their condition may interfere with the machines’ readings. Biofeedback can also be time-consuming and costly, and may not be covered by health insurance.