Relationship Issues Therapists in Boulder Creek, CA
![Photo of Cynthia Heim, PsyD, MSN, Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/defb5465-84cc-4ccc-911d-a40a48bcf971/2/320x400.jpeg)
I love working with people to help them build a deeper relationship with themselves – their inner world and emotional core. By learning how to connect with and attend to what lies within, clients develop the skills to lean into personal challenges, transform them, and understand their deep yearnings in the process. In turn, clients become empowered and build lives that are aligned with who they are and what they want for themselves. I strongly feel that therapy is a collaborative process, and the “work” a client engages with in their day to day life is also so important.
I love working with people to help them build a deeper relationship with themselves – their inner world and emotional core. By learning how to connect with and attend to what lies within, clients develop the skills to lean into personal challenges, transform them, and understand their deep yearnings in the process. In turn, clients become empowered and build lives that are aligned with who they are and what they want for themselves. I strongly feel that therapy is a collaborative process, and the “work” a client engages with in their day to day life is also so important.
![Photo of Patricia Toscano, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/f342191d-6bfe-49ae-af0f-16bc2f6e4f69/3/320x400.jpeg)
Hello! I’m Patricia Toscano. I am a Marriage and Family Therapist. I’ve been providing counseling to BIPOC for the past 12 years. When I first began my career, I never thought I’d become an expert at trauma, violence, and relationship issues. My career path has afforded me the privilege to help people with intimate relationship issues and concerns with violence and trauma. My ability to be fluent in Spanish and to understand the various factors related to the living experience of BIPOC has granted me the opportunity to guide my client’s in a better understanding of their lives and to help them come to a resolution.
Hello! I’m Patricia Toscano. I am a Marriage and Family Therapist. I’ve been providing counseling to BIPOC for the past 12 years. When I first began my career, I never thought I’d become an expert at trauma, violence, and relationship issues. My career path has afforded me the privilege to help people with intimate relationship issues and concerns with violence and trauma. My ability to be fluent in Spanish and to understand the various factors related to the living experience of BIPOC has granted me the opportunity to guide my client’s in a better understanding of their lives and to help them come to a resolution.
![Photo of K Karuna Fluhart-Negrete, MA, LMFT, CHT, NCC, LPCC, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/65ba4030-8a26-4025-a39d-36cd4a3bc968/1/320x400.jpeg)
K Karuna Fluhart-Negrete
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, CHT, NCC, LPCC
Verified Verified
Boulder Creek, CA 95006
Maybe it's time to get the support and compassionate care you want, need and deserve!
Feeling anxious, depressed or dealing with loss, grief, trauma or transition?
Perhaps you've just been feeling a little down or disconnected from yourself or a primary relationship. Are you wanting to heal on deeper levels?
Maybe it's time to get the support and compassionate care you want, need and deserve!
Feeling anxious, depressed or dealing with loss, grief, trauma or transition?
Perhaps you've just been feeling a little down or disconnected from yourself or a primary relationship. Are you wanting to heal on deeper levels?
![Photo of Shelly Eyre Graham, MA, PhD, Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/8bbde06a-96e4-4ac1-82a0-27e166d5b6bc/2/320x400.jpeg)
"The wound is the place where the light enters you." (Rumi) Suffering is universal. Our suffering invites us to turn within, pay close attention and become more intimate with who we are. Turning within can initiate a process of healing and transformation. Attending to "what is really going on" with a skilled companion offers safe passage through difficult spaces, time to slow down, ways to connect with parts of ourselves that need love and attention. We gently explore: feelings, situations, pain, dilemmas, trauma, longings and dreams. Through collaborative conversation and care, we gain insight and create new ways of being.
"The wound is the place where the light enters you." (Rumi) Suffering is universal. Our suffering invites us to turn within, pay close attention and become more intimate with who we are. Turning within can initiate a process of healing and transformation. Attending to "what is really going on" with a skilled companion offers safe passage through difficult spaces, time to slow down, ways to connect with parts of ourselves that need love and attention. We gently explore: feelings, situations, pain, dilemmas, trauma, longings and dreams. Through collaborative conversation and care, we gain insight and create new ways of being.
![Photo of Amber Flowers, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/a999dc2e-258e-4842-8b99-d964a4aa27ab/1/320x400.jpeg)
Amber Flowers
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Boulder Creek, CA 95006 (Online Only)
Hello! I am Amber Flowers and I have been practicing in the mental health field for the last 8 years. A large amount of my experience has been working with youth in crisis and family stabilization. I have experience in working with groups on parenting, substance use and anxiety classes. I see a wide range of clients, some are more solution focused and want to build skills, while others want to find a deeper connection to their inner beliefs and how it affects their actions.
Hello! I am Amber Flowers and I have been practicing in the mental health field for the last 8 years. A large amount of my experience has been working with youth in crisis and family stabilization. I have experience in working with groups on parenting, substance use and anxiety classes. I see a wide range of clients, some are more solution focused and want to build skills, while others want to find a deeper connection to their inner beliefs and how it affects their actions.
![Photo of Kathryn Vroomen, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3c03daf2-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/3/320x400.jpeg)
I have been told that I bring hope to situations, experiences and behaviors that often feel hopeless. Specializing in working with families, children, adolescents and parents, I work collaboratively with client/s to identify and develop goals, and a road map of how we will know that these goals are being met as we work together. I work actively with clients using their knowledge and strengths towards reaching their goals.
I have been told that I bring hope to situations, experiences and behaviors that often feel hopeless. Specializing in working with families, children, adolescents and parents, I work collaboratively with client/s to identify and develop goals, and a road map of how we will know that these goals are being met as we work together. I work actively with clients using their knowledge and strengths towards reaching their goals.
More Therapists Nearby
![Photo of Annette Barnett, MA, AMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/9da5188a-77f1-45d9-930b-a79631133633/1/320x400.jpeg)
Annette Barnett
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
Saratoga, CA 95070
What you should look for in a relationship therapist - safe, kind, sensitive & compassionate, with a true understanding of what you’re going through & how difficult it is - highly educated & knowledgeable about how to shift your relationship from pain & hardship to harmony & ease AND has a full spectrum of skills & tools to do this effectively.
Couples therapy lights me up! Not feeling heard, understood, valued or supported? Repetitive shaming & blaming? Withdrawing? Needing help? Utilizing evidence-based EFT & powerful tools from PACT, NVC & IFS,I help couples create a secure bond & safe haven with each other. You'll learn to trust, support, hear & "be there" for each other. Develop critical self-awareness, accountabiity & WE instead of just ME mentality. Turn towards each other instead of away with vulnerability, authenticity, compassion & attunement. Discover attachment styles, the brain & nervous system, survival parts & trauma that may be hurting your relationship.
What you should look for in a relationship therapist - safe, kind, sensitive & compassionate, with a true understanding of what you’re going through & how difficult it is - highly educated & knowledgeable about how to shift your relationship from pain & hardship to harmony & ease AND has a full spectrum of skills & tools to do this effectively.
Couples therapy lights me up! Not feeling heard, understood, valued or supported? Repetitive shaming & blaming? Withdrawing? Needing help? Utilizing evidence-based EFT & powerful tools from PACT, NVC & IFS,I help couples create a secure bond & safe haven with each other. You'll learn to trust, support, hear & "be there" for each other. Develop critical self-awareness, accountabiity & WE instead of just ME mentality. Turn towards each other instead of away with vulnerability, authenticity, compassion & attunement. Discover attachment styles, the brain & nervous system, survival parts & trauma that may be hurting your relationship.
![Photo of Susan Matthews Scott, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3bf5b2c6-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/5/320x400.jpeg)
Treatment specializations includes:
- Depression, Anxiety
- Grief and Loss
- ADD/ADHD
- Relationship Problems
- Trauma and PTSD
- Work and Career Issues
- Stress Management
- Addiction and Recovery
- Parenting and Family Issues
- Eating disorders and Body Image
- Spiritual Issues and Emergence.
I specialize in individual, couples and family therapy. With over 20 years experience, I work with a broad spectrum of clients.
I have presented at international trainings on how the body stores emotions and trauma, the transforming work of inner identities and living from one's Essential Self.
I am an interactive and dynamic therapist. I provide support and practical feedback to help address life's challenges. I integrate complimentary modalities and techniques to offer a highly personalized approach.
With compassion and understanding I work with each individual to help build and attain the personal growth they're striving for.
Treatment specializations includes:
- Depression, Anxiety
- Grief and Loss
- ADD/ADHD
- Relationship Problems
- Trauma and PTSD
- Work and Career Issues
- Stress Management
- Addiction and Recovery
- Parenting and Family Issues
- Eating disorders and Body Image
- Spiritual Issues and Emergence.
I specialize in individual, couples and family therapy. With over 20 years experience, I work with a broad spectrum of clients.
I have presented at international trainings on how the body stores emotions and trauma, the transforming work of inner identities and living from one's Essential Self.
I am an interactive and dynamic therapist. I provide support and practical feedback to help address life's challenges. I integrate complimentary modalities and techniques to offer a highly personalized approach.
With compassion and understanding I work with each individual to help build and attain the personal growth they're striving for.
![Photo of Jillian Chesley, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/56b26b7e-3487-4d96-81c8-95d8d88eb448/2/320x400.jpeg)
Jillian Chesley
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Mount Hermon, CA 95041
This theory has proven over and over again to be effective, not only with families, but in all realms of individual and relationship problems.
With a passion for inspiring individuals to claim their own personal excellence, my expertise is in understanding interpersonal dynamics, and successfully coaching individuals, couples, families and groups into reaching their highest self. My background includes a degree in Organizational Communication, a ten year career as a Technical/Corporate Instructor, and fifteen years of coaching/Therapy with a Master of Arts in MFT. Along with my private practice, I teach Zumba (dance inspired group fitness). I look forward to our meeting and becoming part of your journey.
This theory has proven over and over again to be effective, not only with families, but in all realms of individual and relationship problems.
With a passion for inspiring individuals to claim their own personal excellence, my expertise is in understanding interpersonal dynamics, and successfully coaching individuals, couples, families and groups into reaching their highest self. My background includes a degree in Organizational Communication, a ten year career as a Technical/Corporate Instructor, and fifteen years of coaching/Therapy with a Master of Arts in MFT. Along with my private practice, I teach Zumba (dance inspired group fitness). I look forward to our meeting and becoming part of your journey.
![Photo of Janene Forsyth - Janene Forsyth, LMFT, #: 111435, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/52696d1e-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
Janene Forsyth, LMFT, #: 111435
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Ben Lomond, CA 95005 (Online Only)
If you are struggling with depression, anxiety, a challenging transition, loss, trauma, or relationship issues, call me for a free 20 minute psychotherapy consultation. Along with being a licensed marriage family therapist, I am also a certified hypnotherapist. I am compassionate, and skilled to help you move through your path of healing. My sessions are through HIPPA compliant "TeleMentalHealth" technology or online therapy, so I'm as close as your phone or computer.
If you are struggling with depression, anxiety, a challenging transition, loss, trauma, or relationship issues, call me for a free 20 minute psychotherapy consultation. Along with being a licensed marriage family therapist, I am also a certified hypnotherapist. I am compassionate, and skilled to help you move through your path of healing. My sessions are through HIPPA compliant "TeleMentalHealth" technology or online therapy, so I'm as close as your phone or computer.
Kristin Baron
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Los Gatos, CA 95030
Waitlist for new clients
Though I work with a multitude of issues, I specialize in anxiety, relationship issues, substance abuse, and helping people find more skillful, kinder ways to relate to themselves.
"Stuck." At some point in our lives, we all feel it. I help people link their desire for things to be different to the places they feel stuck, healthfully and effectively. You don't need to know how to change, we start with where you are. I like the Chinese proverb, "Acceptance and change are brothers, but acceptance is the older brother." By helping you learn to first accept where you are (even if now it seems impossible), suffering is naturally reduced and there is more energy and room for growth. You get to like yourself now AND change.
Though I work with a multitude of issues, I specialize in anxiety, relationship issues, substance abuse, and helping people find more skillful, kinder ways to relate to themselves.
"Stuck." At some point in our lives, we all feel it. I help people link their desire for things to be different to the places they feel stuck, healthfully and effectively. You don't need to know how to change, we start with where you are. I like the Chinese proverb, "Acceptance and change are brothers, but acceptance is the older brother." By helping you learn to first accept where you are (even if now it seems impossible), suffering is naturally reduced and there is more energy and room for growth. You get to like yourself now AND change.
![Photo of DiAnna VanEycke, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/58bc6524-656f-4d58-8861-d9c49e7784c6/3/320x400.jpeg)
Having access to different levels of psychological presence strengthens the relationship to ourselves and those around us, leading to a more fulfilling life.
People seek therapy for all kinds of reasons, but common to all of them is the fact that their life is not working as well as they want. This can be for a multitude of reasons; anxieties, depression, relationship issues, lack of fulfillment, purpose or meaning. Psychological symptoms are signals that alert us to examine the obstacles that hinder us from moving through life more freely with a sense of aliveness and agency.
Having access to different levels of psychological presence strengthens the relationship to ourselves and those around us, leading to a more fulfilling life.
People seek therapy for all kinds of reasons, but common to all of them is the fact that their life is not working as well as they want. This can be for a multitude of reasons; anxieties, depression, relationship issues, lack of fulfillment, purpose or meaning. Psychological symptoms are signals that alert us to examine the obstacles that hinder us from moving through life more freely with a sense of aliveness and agency.
![Photo of David B. Ruso, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/9d096e0b-7cdf-4ddb-b9fd-8e1bb0fd4cb3/1/320x400.jpeg)
David B. Ruso
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Scotts Valley, CA 95066
Entering into the right therapeutic relationship is the first step toward healing and change. Working collaboratively we will explore the origins of any problems or pain you have be struggling with, at a pace that is safe and comfortable for you. As mental and emotional material is explored, the ability to experience greater freedom and enjoyment in your relationships, work, and family life will become more readily accessible and tangible in daily life.
Entering into the right therapeutic relationship is the first step toward healing and change. Working collaboratively we will explore the origins of any problems or pain you have be struggling with, at a pace that is safe and comfortable for you. As mental and emotional material is explored, the ability to experience greater freedom and enjoyment in your relationships, work, and family life will become more readily accessible and tangible in daily life.
![Photo of Rachel Newman, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/46c21d45-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
When psychological suffering feels unbearable, seeking a therapist to help you find your way is a great act of courage. Psychotherapy is an active collaboration in which we tend to your inner life, bringing care and curiosity to the deepest parts of you. Profound change is possible in a therapeutic relationship based on trust. From your most disturbing and shame inducing symptoms to your greatest strengths--every part of you belongs here. I have been successful in treating individuals/couples with: anxiety, depression, self-esteem, trauma, relationship troubles, sex, cultural identity issues, perinatal mood disorders, problem drinking, infidelity and grief.
When psychological suffering feels unbearable, seeking a therapist to help you find your way is a great act of courage. Psychotherapy is an active collaboration in which we tend to your inner life, bringing care and curiosity to the deepest parts of you. Profound change is possible in a therapeutic relationship based on trust. From your most disturbing and shame inducing symptoms to your greatest strengths--every part of you belongs here. I have been successful in treating individuals/couples with: anxiety, depression, self-esteem, trauma, relationship troubles, sex, cultural identity issues, perinatal mood disorders, problem drinking, infidelity and grief.
![Photo of Janet Croteau, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/e8780af8-12be-4d10-a459-386ad69c9012/1/320x400.jpeg)
I use my skills as a therapist, artist, and my experience in a 29-year relationship to help clients examine their lives, heal from the past, and create connections with themselves and others that bring forth love and vitality.
INDIVIDUAL THERAPY: You are one of a kind. There has never been anyone like you and never will be again. Therapy is a place where you have the opportunity to know yourself in a deep and intimate way. The journey towards wholeness begins with embracing (and discovering) our many and often rejected parts that comprise our authentic self. Wounds, triggers and defenses exist for a reason and represent the internal maps that lead to healing. COUPLES THERAPY: Relationships are the path to knowing who we are and I believe that what needs to be healed presents itself through the struggles and dynamics that get activated in partnership.
I use my skills as a therapist, artist, and my experience in a 29-year relationship to help clients examine their lives, heal from the past, and create connections with themselves and others that bring forth love and vitality.
INDIVIDUAL THERAPY: You are one of a kind. There has never been anyone like you and never will be again. Therapy is a place where you have the opportunity to know yourself in a deep and intimate way. The journey towards wholeness begins with embracing (and discovering) our many and often rejected parts that comprise our authentic self. Wounds, triggers and defenses exist for a reason and represent the internal maps that lead to healing. COUPLES THERAPY: Relationships are the path to knowing who we are and I believe that what needs to be healed presents itself through the struggles and dynamics that get activated in partnership.
![Photo of Linda O'Heron, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/40190be6-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/3/320x400.jpeg)
I provide a safe, compassionate and judgement free space for individuals and for families seeking resolution for problems such as mental health issues, relationship challenges and difficult circumstances. While sometimes painful, therapy can lead to overcoming challenges and the ability to thrive in life.
I provide a safe, compassionate and judgement free space for individuals and for families seeking resolution for problems such as mental health issues, relationship challenges and difficult circumstances. While sometimes painful, therapy can lead to overcoming challenges and the ability to thrive in life.
![Photo of Ellen Noon, LMFT, CSAT, CEMDR, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3ea1ac3e-a3c1-49ee-a45d-53c365ae6a87/1/320x400.jpeg)
Ellen Noon
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CSAT, CEMDR
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Los Gatos, CA 95033 (Online Only)
I am a sex therapist and couples counselor. I provide expert care for couples’ issues, intimacy struggles, sexual struggles, infidelity, sexual compulsivity, sexual addiction and trauma. My goal is to create an intimate space where both partners can share their experience and feelings. I also work with individuals on their relationship issues. My intention is to share a journey that will allow you to unlock the whatever it is that is keeping you from having a happy, fulfilling life. The work that you do now can positively impact you and your partner for a life time. If you are serious about change deep transformation is possible.
I am a sex therapist and couples counselor. I provide expert care for couples’ issues, intimacy struggles, sexual struggles, infidelity, sexual compulsivity, sexual addiction and trauma. My goal is to create an intimate space where both partners can share their experience and feelings. I also work with individuals on their relationship issues. My intention is to share a journey that will allow you to unlock the whatever it is that is keeping you from having a happy, fulfilling life. The work that you do now can positively impact you and your partner for a life time. If you are serious about change deep transformation is possible.
![Photo of Daniel Robert Davis, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3b93647f-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/7/320x400.jpeg)
Daniel Robert Davis
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Los Gatos, CA 95030 (Online Only)
and how easy it is! After all, it's our working relationship that allows change and growth to occur, not the comfort of my office.
***Online Therapy Available*** Life may be difficult... but when we accept this reality, our lives can change dramatically for the better. Our fear, sadness, and anger are often what keep us from facing the vital facts of our lives that need to be addressed to create the changes we want most. Fortunately, the more effective you become at soothing yourself, the more courageous you become. This is because it is often overwhelming pain and trauma that paralyzes us or leads us to mindlessly react in ways that sabotage our peace and happiness. I can teach you how to calm yourself and effectively solve the problems you face.
and how easy it is! After all, it's our working relationship that allows change and growth to occur, not the comfort of my office.
***Online Therapy Available*** Life may be difficult... but when we accept this reality, our lives can change dramatically for the better. Our fear, sadness, and anger are often what keep us from facing the vital facts of our lives that need to be addressed to create the changes we want most. Fortunately, the more effective you become at soothing yourself, the more courageous you become. This is because it is often overwhelming pain and trauma that paralyzes us or leads us to mindlessly react in ways that sabotage our peace and happiness. I can teach you how to calm yourself and effectively solve the problems you face.
![Photo of Heather Franks, MA, LMFT, #109884, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/4a790906-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
Heather Franks
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, #109884
Verified Verified
Scotts Valley, CA 95066
I support clients to live happy and meaningful lives and help them make changes that bring about well-being and transformation. I have a passion to support individuals, couples and families through many different life transitions (from adjusting to college, marriage, divorce, births, loss, retirement, coping with illness, and caregiving). I help clients with a range of relationship issues—from marriage/romantic partner conflict, communication issues in relationships, resolving issues in friendships, co-parenting, parent-child issues, loss of relationship & grief work, contemplation of separation, and exploring unhealthy patterns.
I support clients to live happy and meaningful lives and help them make changes that bring about well-being and transformation. I have a passion to support individuals, couples and families through many different life transitions (from adjusting to college, marriage, divorce, births, loss, retirement, coping with illness, and caregiving). I help clients with a range of relationship issues—from marriage/romantic partner conflict, communication issues in relationships, resolving issues in friendships, co-parenting, parent-child issues, loss of relationship & grief work, contemplation of separation, and exploring unhealthy patterns.
![Photo of Dr. Charlotte Nolan-Reyes, PhD, Psychological Associate](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/f33bb43d-75fc-4157-96d1-6d0ce04a6989/3/320x400.jpeg)
Dr. Charlotte Nolan-Reyes
Psychological Associate, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Los Gatos, CA 95030
If you are in the midst of a difficult relationship of any kind and or and ongoing depression, anxiety or grief please reach out.
Are you struggling or feeling dissatisfied with your current relationships, career or social life? Wondering if these situations (or you?) can possibly feel better ? Do feel that you have made a lot of efforts but they either aren't working or people don't deem to recognize your efforts? Or maybe it's even worse and something bad has happened or you simply and you no longer feel like trying anymore and or not sure if you know what you want anymore....
If you are in the midst of a difficult relationship of any kind and or and ongoing depression, anxiety or grief please reach out.
Are you struggling or feeling dissatisfied with your current relationships, career or social life? Wondering if these situations (or you?) can possibly feel better ? Do feel that you have made a lot of efforts but they either aren't working or people don't deem to recognize your efforts? Or maybe it's even worse and something bad has happened or you simply and you no longer feel like trying anymore and or not sure if you know what you want anymore....
See more therapy options for Boulder Creek
Nearby Relationship Issues Therapists Searches for Boulder Creek
- Ben Lomond
- Campbell
- Cupertino
- Felton
- Los Altos
- Los Altos Hills
- Los Gatos
- Monte Sereno
- Santa Cruz
- Saratoga
- Scotts Valley
- Soquel
Relationship Issues Therapists
While need for human connection appears to be innate, the ability to form healthy, loving relationships is learned. Some evidence suggests that the ability to form a stable relationship starts to form in infancy, in a child's earliest experiences with a caregiver who reliably meets the infant's needs for food, care, warmth, protection, stimulation, and social contact. Such relationships are not destiny, but they are theorized to establish deeply ingrained patterns of relating to others. The end of a relationship, however, is often a source of great psychological anguish.