Buddhist Therapists in Cleveland, OH

Photo of Matthew McKinley, MA, LPCC
Matthew McKinley
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Cleveland, OH 44101  (Online Only)
I have considerable experience using mindfulness and meditation in a therapeutic setting, and can accommodate either a clinical or traditional Buddhist presentation.
I am an independently Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in the state of Ohio with over 7-years of experience working in the mental health field. I consider psychology, mental health, and the inner-experience as a life-long passion of mine and strive to keep improving in my knowledge and therapeutic application. I am founded in and pay respect to the natural healing that comes from genuine human connection. My aim is to create a non-judgmental and secure atmosphere in counseling that is driven by mutual respect and a shared curiosity between myself and clients.
I have considerable experience using mindfulness and meditation in a therapeutic setting, and can accommodate either a clinical or traditional Buddhist presentation.
I am an independently Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in the state of Ohio with over 7-years of experience working in the mental health field. I consider psychology, mental health, and the inner-experience as a life-long passion of mine and strive to keep improving in my knowledge and therapeutic application. I am founded in and pay respect to the natural healing that comes from genuine human connection. My aim is to create a non-judgmental and secure atmosphere in counseling that is driven by mutual respect and a shared curiosity between myself and clients.
(440) 271-5979 View (440) 271-5979
Photo of Tyler Rogols, MBA, MA, LPCC-S
Tyler Rogols
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MBA, MA, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Cleveland, OH 44109
I studied meditation in a Buddhist monastery nestled in the mountains of Northern Thailand.
Accepting new clients! I help people overcome difficulty and use it to grow and pursue a life of meaning and purpose. Sometimes we start by treating stress, anxiety, depression, trauma, career, or LGBTQ+ and other identity issues, and over time turn to deeper issues about the life you want to create, your identity, and your values. I’m a humanistic counselor, which means I’ll never tell you what to do and I’ll always empower you to make the choice that’s best for you. I use a collaborative, gentle approach that helps you connect with your intuitive sense of self and your intrinsic motivation to grow and do difficult things.
I studied meditation in a Buddhist monastery nestled in the mountains of Northern Thailand.
Accepting new clients! I help people overcome difficulty and use it to grow and pursue a life of meaning and purpose. Sometimes we start by treating stress, anxiety, depression, trauma, career, or LGBTQ+ and other identity issues, and over time turn to deeper issues about the life you want to create, your identity, and your values. I’m a humanistic counselor, which means I’ll never tell you what to do and I’ll always empower you to make the choice that’s best for you. I use a collaborative, gentle approach that helps you connect with your intuitive sense of self and your intrinsic motivation to grow and do difficult things.
(614) 714-4862 View (614) 714-4862
Photo of : Susan-Joy: Barger. : Blue-Ray-Therapy., MA, MSW, LSW
: Susan-Joy: Barger. : Blue-Ray-Therapy.
Licensed Social Worker, MA, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
Cleveland, OH 44116
Serving Central Ohioans for thirty years, I AM an EMDR trained, heart-centered Therapist/Social Worker/Teacher/Artist/Reiki Master. My work focuses on enhancing the holistic well-being of adolescents and adults suffering from aversive childhood experiences, traumatic events, Near Death Experiences, and every day stress that provokes anxiety and/or depression. My efforts focus on building confidence and strong identity with spiritual seekers, victims of abuse, and internationals through an array of approaches like DBT, Feminist Therapy, and Integral Psychotherapy.
Serving Central Ohioans for thirty years, I AM an EMDR trained, heart-centered Therapist/Social Worker/Teacher/Artist/Reiki Master. My work focuses on enhancing the holistic well-being of adolescents and adults suffering from aversive childhood experiences, traumatic events, Near Death Experiences, and every day stress that provokes anxiety and/or depression. My efforts focus on building confidence and strong identity with spiritual seekers, victims of abuse, and internationals through an array of approaches like DBT, Feminist Therapy, and Integral Psychotherapy.
(614) 662-4615 View (614) 662-4615
Photo of Olivia Campbell, MEd, LPCC, Counselor
Olivia Campbell
Counselor, MEd, LPCC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Cleveland, OH 44116  (Online Only)
Welcome! You can expect a down-to-earth approach as we navigate daily life and reduce distress. I believe suffering is a natural response to life's difficulties and, thus, work through a non-pathologizing lens. Experienced in treating couples, adults, and teens 16+ with feelings of depression and anxiety—as well as issues related to relationships, grief and loss, sexuality and identity, trauma, stress management, and life transitions. Therapy is individualized for each client to support reaching a version of self that aligns with their unique values and objectives.
Welcome! You can expect a down-to-earth approach as we navigate daily life and reduce distress. I believe suffering is a natural response to life's difficulties and, thus, work through a non-pathologizing lens. Experienced in treating couples, adults, and teens 16+ with feelings of depression and anxiety—as well as issues related to relationships, grief and loss, sexuality and identity, trauma, stress management, and life transitions. Therapy is individualized for each client to support reaching a version of self that aligns with their unique values and objectives.
(216) 925-4292 View (216) 925-4292
Photo of Ananda Sotherland - Nurtured Soul Therapy, LLC , PCC-S, CYT-200
Nurtured Soul Therapy, LLC
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, PCC-S, CYT-200
Verified Verified
Cleveland, OH 44120  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Are you always there for those around you but feel alone when facing challenges? Hi, I am Ananda (she/her), I am a clinical counselor licensed in Ohio, providing identity-affirming and healing-centered individual psychotherapy sessions virtually. I am passionate about supporting those on journeys of inner healing self-discover new tools and inner resources. My practice specialization is focused on helping adults of all ages with experiences of unaddressed childhood trauma, anxiety, and or depression, find their way back to themselves through a holistic and self-compassionate approach.
Are you always there for those around you but feel alone when facing challenges? Hi, I am Ananda (she/her), I am a clinical counselor licensed in Ohio, providing identity-affirming and healing-centered individual psychotherapy sessions virtually. I am passionate about supporting those on journeys of inner healing self-discover new tools and inner resources. My practice specialization is focused on helping adults of all ages with experiences of unaddressed childhood trauma, anxiety, and or depression, find their way back to themselves through a holistic and self-compassionate approach.
(216) 677-4562 View (216) 677-4562
Photo of Jessica Michelle Martinez - Jessica Michelle Martinez Therapy, LLC, MA, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jessica Michelle Martinez Therapy, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Cleveland, OH 44113
I work with people of all races, social classes, gender identities, religions, and ethnicities. I believe that no problem or concern area is too far from the core of the human experience and good therapy is about learning how to navigate your own thoughts and emotions in a healthy way. I tend to work with people who overthink, have major anxiety, low mood, depression and who are generally lost on what "to do" next. I help people address their childhood trauma and come back to The Self by listening to their bodies as much as they do their minds.
I work with people of all races, social classes, gender identities, religions, and ethnicities. I believe that no problem or concern area is too far from the core of the human experience and good therapy is about learning how to navigate your own thoughts and emotions in a healthy way. I tend to work with people who overthink, have major anxiety, low mood, depression and who are generally lost on what "to do" next. I help people address their childhood trauma and come back to The Self by listening to their bodies as much as they do their minds.
(216) 910-5193 View (216) 910-5193
Photo of Ann Marie Petricca - Mindful Living, LPCC, MEd, Counselor
Mindful Living
Counselor, LPCC, MEd
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cleveland, OH 44135  (Online Only)
My role is to walk beside my clients as they find their own solutions. I bring a background from journalism, theater, film, event production, dj, and comedy writing to my practice. Clients can expect to be heard and encouraged with genuine empathy and faith in improving life experiences. The modalities I use most are positive psychology , cognitive behavioral, client centered, gestalt, Parent Child Interactive, and trauma informed. I am grateful for every client I am privileged to meet.
My role is to walk beside my clients as they find their own solutions. I bring a background from journalism, theater, film, event production, dj, and comedy writing to my practice. Clients can expect to be heard and encouraged with genuine empathy and faith in improving life experiences. The modalities I use most are positive psychology , cognitive behavioral, client centered, gestalt, Parent Child Interactive, and trauma informed. I am grateful for every client I am privileged to meet.
(216) 284-8381 View (216) 284-8381
Photo of Ken Holt, LISW-S, LICDC, CS, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ken Holt
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S, LICDC, CS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cleveland, OH 44135  (Online Only)
Are you thinking about making a change? We know change can be hard. Within a supportive therapeutic relationship, a safe space to express your thoughts and feelings, to consider new ideas, positive change and personal growth can happen! My mission is to provide the highest quality counseling to support healthy adjustment to life changes, recovery from anxiety, depression, trauma, substance use, problem gambling, and addictive behaviors.
Are you thinking about making a change? We know change can be hard. Within a supportive therapeutic relationship, a safe space to express your thoughts and feelings, to consider new ideas, positive change and personal growth can happen! My mission is to provide the highest quality counseling to support healthy adjustment to life changes, recovery from anxiety, depression, trauma, substance use, problem gambling, and addictive behaviors.
(216) 755-9467 View (216) 755-9467
Photo of Dr. David D Bowers, PhD, IMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Dr. David D Bowers
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, IMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Cleveland, OH 44130
As a Marriage & Family therapist, I'm attuned to clients’ interconnected webs of relationships even when working 1-on-1. My experience & training with families & couples enables me to walk with clients through (re)discovering their connectedness to those they love. I’m most passionate about exploring clients’ stories & listening for places where personal narratives might differ from others’. This often provides spaces for clients to explore new or neglected understandings of themselves & their relationships leading to preferred, more fulfilling future stories. I enjoy working with clients across cultural, sexual& gender identities.
As a Marriage & Family therapist, I'm attuned to clients’ interconnected webs of relationships even when working 1-on-1. My experience & training with families & couples enables me to walk with clients through (re)discovering their connectedness to those they love. I’m most passionate about exploring clients’ stories & listening for places where personal narratives might differ from others’. This often provides spaces for clients to explore new or neglected understandings of themselves & their relationships leading to preferred, more fulfilling future stories. I enjoy working with clients across cultural, sexual& gender identities.
(440) 481-1137 View (440) 481-1137
Photo of Kasey L Aitken, MSSW, LISW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kasey L Aitken
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSW, LISW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cleveland, OH 44109
The decision to begin therapy can be a difficult one. It is important to find a therapist who can offer you insight, support, and safety to express your thoughts and feelings. My hope is that you can learn and apply your strengths to be the best version of yourself. At this time I work with adults as well as children (3+) . If you have any questions or think we may be a good fit, please feel free to reach out!
The decision to begin therapy can be a difficult one. It is important to find a therapist who can offer you insight, support, and safety to express your thoughts and feelings. My hope is that you can learn and apply your strengths to be the best version of yourself. At this time I work with adults as well as children (3+) . If you have any questions or think we may be a good fit, please feel free to reach out!
(440) 271-8508 View (440) 271-8508
Photo of Heather Anderson Boll, LPCC, Somatic, IFS, EMDR, Counselor
Heather Anderson Boll
Counselor, LPCC, Somatic, IFS, EMDR
Verified Verified
Cleveland, OH 44111
Waitlist for new clients
I hold that you inherently deserve unconditional love and acceptance - and that healing must include the internal relationship to Self, in order to welcome a profound connectedness to others. I see trauma not as something wrong with you, but something right - a deep wisdom rising up that must be heard. In collaboration we will design the path that best serves your healing, whether through tools of immediate relief (like parasympathetic release / polyvagal theory) or in long arcs of subtle process toward deeper healing (like Somatic Internal Family Systems and EMDR).
I hold that you inherently deserve unconditional love and acceptance - and that healing must include the internal relationship to Self, in order to welcome a profound connectedness to others. I see trauma not as something wrong with you, but something right - a deep wisdom rising up that must be heard. In collaboration we will design the path that best serves your healing, whether through tools of immediate relief (like parasympathetic release / polyvagal theory) or in long arcs of subtle process toward deeper healing (like Somatic Internal Family Systems and EMDR).
(216) 714-8947 View (216) 714-8947
Photo of Alisha Lambert, MA, LPCC
Alisha Lambert
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Cleveland, OH 44130
Are you looking for a way to end specific cycles or patterns you find yourself in time and time again? Maybe you are looking to address cycles and patterns that existed even before you. I am here to help you identify and address these cycles and patterns. I want to provide a sanctuary for your healing and processing. I love to work with all types of people and specifically enjoy working with members of the LGBTQ+ community. A lyric that always stands out to me is, "You're all caught up inside, But you know the way". I believe in you. Let's find what way works for you.
Are you looking for a way to end specific cycles or patterns you find yourself in time and time again? Maybe you are looking to address cycles and patterns that existed even before you. I am here to help you identify and address these cycles and patterns. I want to provide a sanctuary for your healing and processing. I love to work with all types of people and specifically enjoy working with members of the LGBTQ+ community. A lyric that always stands out to me is, "You're all caught up inside, But you know the way". I believe in you. Let's find what way works for you.
(440) 271-8043 View (440) 271-8043
Photo of Christina Scott, LISW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Christina Scott
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
Cleveland, OH 44101  (Online Only)
Are you struggling with trauma or PTSD? Do you seek deeper insights into your life’s challenges and want to develop effective coping skills? Whether you’re an adult facing stress, anxiety, or past traumas, you’re looking for a supportive, experienced therapist to guide you towards healing and growth.
Are you struggling with trauma or PTSD? Do you seek deeper insights into your life’s challenges and want to develop effective coping skills? Whether you’re an adult facing stress, anxiety, or past traumas, you’re looking for a supportive, experienced therapist to guide you towards healing and growth.
(380) 205-2756 View (380) 205-2756
Photo of Taj Hussein - Kindred Harbor Behavioral Health, LLC., DSW, JD, LISW, CCTP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kindred Harbor Behavioral Health, LLC.
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, DSW, JD, LISW, CCTP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cleveland, OH 44134
Not accepting new clients
**We accept new clients from anywhere in Ohio for tele-health sessions**Asking for help with mental wellness or addiction issues takes courage. Remember that seeking support during difficult times is actually a sign of strength. It's also a step toward improving your mental and emotional well-being. You've already taken the first step because you are here reading this right now! I have over ten years of experience with people facing mental wellness and addictions challenges. Our goal is to support you as you heal from your pain, overcome any obstacles, and move forward to the life you deserve.
**We accept new clients from anywhere in Ohio for tele-health sessions**Asking for help with mental wellness or addiction issues takes courage. Remember that seeking support during difficult times is actually a sign of strength. It's also a step toward improving your mental and emotional well-being. You've already taken the first step because you are here reading this right now! I have over ten years of experience with people facing mental wellness and addictions challenges. Our goal is to support you as you heal from your pain, overcome any obstacles, and move forward to the life you deserve.
(216) 859-1912 View (216) 859-1912
Photo of Bob Ahern, PhD  , LISW-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Bob Ahern
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD , LISW-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cleveland, OH 44185
Not accepting new clients
You are not alone. You matter. Hope matters. Are you wrestling with difficult feelings, life transitions, grief, depression, anxiety, relationship concerns, spiritual/religious issues, substance abuse, partner betrayal or other trauma? If so, I'm here to help. Providing therapy has been my life's work for 35 years. I treasure working with adults to help them grow and find joy and meaning in life.
You are not alone. You matter. Hope matters. Are you wrestling with difficult feelings, life transitions, grief, depression, anxiety, relationship concerns, spiritual/religious issues, substance abuse, partner betrayal or other trauma? If so, I'm here to help. Providing therapy has been my life's work for 35 years. I treasure working with adults to help them grow and find joy and meaning in life.
(614) 721-4786 View (614) 721-4786

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of David Kelner, IMFT, Make, Life, Easier, Lighter, Marriage & Family Therapist
David Kelner
Marriage & Family Therapist, IMFT, Make, Life, Easier, Lighter
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Beachwood, OH 44122
I have been where you are. Suffering is a right of passage. The idea of sharing your thoughts and feelings with a stranger may seem odd at first, but when the therapeutic relationship is working, fear and pain become manageable and sometimes even fall away. Having problems can feel lonely and alienating, you deserve the opportunity to find an easier way. EXHALE…it will be ok:-) I have a relaxed approach with humor and an easy disposition. Unfortunately seeking help can be a burden in itself. Let’s talk for a session or 2 and see if there’s some resonance. Adolescents, Adults, Couples and Families, (thoughtful, high functioning).
I have been where you are. Suffering is a right of passage. The idea of sharing your thoughts and feelings with a stranger may seem odd at first, but when the therapeutic relationship is working, fear and pain become manageable and sometimes even fall away. Having problems can feel lonely and alienating, you deserve the opportunity to find an easier way. EXHALE…it will be ok:-) I have a relaxed approach with humor and an easy disposition. Unfortunately seeking help can be a burden in itself. Let’s talk for a session or 2 and see if there’s some resonance. Adolescents, Adults, Couples and Families, (thoughtful, high functioning).
(216) 570-9175 View (216) 570-9175
Photo of Tom Gigliotti, LISW-S, ACHT, SAP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tom Gigliotti
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S, ACHT, SAP
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Lyndhurst, OH 44124
I have 38 years experience as a life change specialist. If you want to feel better today book an appointment now. The experience I have as teacher and research specialist will give you the life you want today. My clients come from all walks of life and have indicated what they most like is my client-centered approach to treatment. If you are ready to do a deep dive into life and and create the life you have been aspiring to by removing blocks to healthy living then call me and set up an appt. I provide video mental health tips also on my YouTube channel which is (use the character (at) tomgigliotti6677.
I have 38 years experience as a life change specialist. If you want to feel better today book an appointment now. The experience I have as teacher and research specialist will give you the life you want today. My clients come from all walks of life and have indicated what they most like is my client-centered approach to treatment. If you are ready to do a deep dive into life and and create the life you have been aspiring to by removing blocks to healthy living then call me and set up an appt. I provide video mental health tips also on my YouTube channel which is (use the character (at) tomgigliotti6677.
(714) 582-4009 View (714) 582-4009
Photo of Lana Amawi, MSSA, LISW-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lana Amawi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSA, LISW-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rocky River, OH 44116
Looking for a therapist to fulfill your needs is not an easy task when you are ready to face some difficult issues. Are you feeling overwhelmed, anxious, depressed or needing direction with personal or professional relationships? I will help to teach you the necessary tools to healthier relationships, greater mental well-being, becoming more efficient at home and work and finally have a more positive outlook on the future. These tools are priceless and when used can demonstrate almost immediate results.
Looking for a therapist to fulfill your needs is not an easy task when you are ready to face some difficult issues. Are you feeling overwhelmed, anxious, depressed or needing direction with personal or professional relationships? I will help to teach you the necessary tools to healthier relationships, greater mental well-being, becoming more efficient at home and work and finally have a more positive outlook on the future. These tools are priceless and when used can demonstrate almost immediate results.
(248) 302-1074 View (248) 302-1074
Photo of Jill Blake, MEd, LPC, CDCA, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jill Blake
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, CDCA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Parma, OH 44129
As a somatic-based psychotherapist, I often work at the intersection of physical and emotional suffering. Seeking a deeper understanding of oneself and overall well-being, body-centered psychotherapy offers an experiential and transformative journey rooted in applied mindfulness and body awareness. Recognizing the profound connection between mind and body, I work to provide a nurturing space for individuals to explore and slowly shift their attention to their most valued resource - their capacity to sense, identify, and respond to their body's cues.
As a somatic-based psychotherapist, I often work at the intersection of physical and emotional suffering. Seeking a deeper understanding of oneself and overall well-being, body-centered psychotherapy offers an experiential and transformative journey rooted in applied mindfulness and body awareness. Recognizing the profound connection between mind and body, I work to provide a nurturing space for individuals to explore and slowly shift their attention to their most valued resource - their capacity to sense, identify, and respond to their body's cues.
(216) 279-6402 View (216) 279-6402
Photo of Judith A Jankowski, LPCC-S, LPAT, LICDC, CHT, INHC, Counselor
Judith A Jankowski
Counselor, LPCC-S, LPAT, LICDC, CHT, INHC
Verified Verified
Beachwood, OH 44122
I specialize in integrative therapy, my approach is to address the individual holistically through both traditional talk therapy combined with art therapy, hypnotherapy, mindfulness, and EMDR. My specialties include: anxiety, depression, grief, trauma, life transitions, substance abuse/dependency and recovery. I believe the goals of therapy are to help to empower individuals to find healing and meaning in their lives.
I specialize in integrative therapy, my approach is to address the individual holistically through both traditional talk therapy combined with art therapy, hypnotherapy, mindfulness, and EMDR. My specialties include: anxiety, depression, grief, trauma, life transitions, substance abuse/dependency and recovery. I believe the goals of therapy are to help to empower individuals to find healing and meaning in their lives.
(216) 284-4374 View (216) 284-4374
Buddhist Therapists

Is buddhism beneficial for mental health?

While Buddhism itself is not a treatment for mental health conditions, its practices can greatly enhance mental well-being by introducing coping skills and ideas that promote overall wellness. Key Buddhist practices, such as mindfulness, have been shown to alleviate symptoms of various mental health conditions, including anxiety, depression, addiction, and trauma. Moreover, Buddhism's focus on self-compassion, non-judgment, and acceptance can benefit individuals with particularly negative or self-critical thought patterns.

What are the concepts and principles of buddhism as a therapeutic approach?

Core Buddhist principles are often used in therapy to help clients gain insight into their thoughts and emotions. Concepts such as suffering (dukkha) and impermanence (anicca) are applied to help clients recognize that common forms of suffering, like repetitive negative thought patterns, can be accepted and viewed as impermanent. The Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path are additional core concepts utilized frequently in Buddhist therapy sessions. The Four Noble Truths highlight the existence of suffering as an inherent part of the human experience—an insight frequently used to move clients toward greater acceptance. The Eightfold Path, which includes right understanding, right thought, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right concentration, and right mindfulness, offers practical skills to alleviate suffering.

What is the buddhist approach and practice during a therapy session?

Therapists informed by Buddhist principles often integrate mindfulness and meditation practices into therapy sessions to help clients cultivate greater acceptance, compassion, and non-judgment toward themselves and others. Typically, Buddhist therapists guide clients through mindfulness exercises, such as breathing exercises or body scans, and encourage them to practice similar exercises outside of sessions. Additionally, many Buddhist therapists utilize elements of Positive Psychology or Compassion-Focused Therapy, which can help reduce symptoms of self-criticism and shame common among clients with various mental health conditions. In general, Buddhist therapists strive to embody the compassion and non-judgmental approach they promote, often incorporating exercises aimed at developing compassion in session, such as loving-kindness meditation (Metta).

Is mindfulness the same as buddhism in the context of therapy?

While Buddhist therapists frequently integrate mindfulness practices into therapy sessions, the terms mindfulness and Buddhism are not synonymous in the context of therapy. Therapists may use mindfulness techniques, such as Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) or Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT), without identifying as a Buddhist therapist. In contrast, those practicing within a Buddhist belief framework typically encourage mindfulness therapies, in addition to foundational Buddhist beliefs, such as the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path. These therapists may also guide clients toward a deeper understanding of Buddhist philosophy, unlike those who use Buddhist mindfulness principles without the broader spiritual context.