Therapists in Southport, CT

Photo of Daniel Snow, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Daniel Snow
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Southport, CT 06890
Specialized therapy for relationship distress. If you're living with stress in your relationship- whether it's fighting, feeling like you're drifting apart, or living with painful patterns between you, please read on. You've probably tried to improve things on your own, but the same problems repeat. This can be feeling like you're walking on eggshells around your partner... feeling alone... not feeling valued or understood... or always bracing for the next fight. My focus is on Relationship Therapy to help couples and individuals get past painful patterns and situations to a deeper, stable level of connection and understanding.
Specialized therapy for relationship distress. If you're living with stress in your relationship- whether it's fighting, feeling like you're drifting apart, or living with painful patterns between you, please read on. You've probably tried to improve things on your own, but the same problems repeat. This can be feeling like you're walking on eggshells around your partner... feeling alone... not feeling valued or understood... or always bracing for the next fight. My focus is on Relationship Therapy to help couples and individuals get past painful patterns and situations to a deeper, stable level of connection and understanding.
(203) 457-6155 View (203) 457-6155
Photo of Linda S Smith, PhD, Psychologist
Linda S Smith
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Southport, CT 06890
Most clients are looking for a better understanding of themselves and their current life circumstances. They want to know how they got to where they are. Most importantly, they want to move forward. By the time someone has made a decision to start therapy, there is often already a high level of pain, stress, and difficulty in their lives. They want relief and change, and they want it quickly. My therapeutic services are unique in that they are a blend of therapy and coaching. With compassion, insight, direct coaching, and a wide variety of tools and techniques, I will help you to craft the future life you are seeking.
Most clients are looking for a better understanding of themselves and their current life circumstances. They want to know how they got to where they are. Most importantly, they want to move forward. By the time someone has made a decision to start therapy, there is often already a high level of pain, stress, and difficulty in their lives. They want relief and change, and they want it quickly. My therapeutic services are unique in that they are a blend of therapy and coaching. With compassion, insight, direct coaching, and a wide variety of tools and techniques, I will help you to craft the future life you are seeking.
(475) 500-7111 View (475) 500-7111
Photo of Susie Basler - Sabita Holistic Center, MS, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sabita Holistic Center
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MS, LMSW
Verified Verified
Southport, CT 06890
Sabita Holistic Centeris located in Southport, Connecticut, dedicated to integrative health and holistic healing for over 20 years. Our compassionate team of skilled practitioners offers personalized services, including massage therapy, acupuncture, naturopathic medicine, lymphatic drainage, craniosacral therapy, cupping, and wellness coaching. We blend Eastern and Western approaches to support clients’ physical, mental, and emotional health, empowering them to achieve balance and wellness in every aspect of life.
Sabita Holistic Centeris located in Southport, Connecticut, dedicated to integrative health and holistic healing for over 20 years. Our compassionate team of skilled practitioners offers personalized services, including massage therapy, acupuncture, naturopathic medicine, lymphatic drainage, craniosacral therapy, cupping, and wellness coaching. We blend Eastern and Western approaches to support clients’ physical, mental, and emotional health, empowering them to achieve balance and wellness in every aspect of life.
(475) 405-1995 View (475) 405-1995
Photo of Dr. Sooyeon Lee-Garland, PhD, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Dr. Sooyeon Lee-Garland
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Southport, CT 06890
I have extensive years of clinical experiences working with individuals with various emotional struggles with depression, anxiety, traumatic life events, and/or relationship problems. I am committed to helping people recognize their own strengths and find solutions to problems. As a bilingual clinician, fluent in Korean and English, my special interest is to work with immigrant families, assisting with their adjustments in a new country dealing with cultural differences and generational conflicts within family systems. I also would like to help military personnel and their families.
I have extensive years of clinical experiences working with individuals with various emotional struggles with depression, anxiety, traumatic life events, and/or relationship problems. I am committed to helping people recognize their own strengths and find solutions to problems. As a bilingual clinician, fluent in Korean and English, my special interest is to work with immigrant families, assisting with their adjustments in a new country dealing with cultural differences and generational conflicts within family systems. I also would like to help military personnel and their families.
(855) 423-6843 View (855) 423-6843
Photo of Robert Rogers, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Robert Rogers
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Southport, CT 06890
My clients are primarily adolescent and adult males seeking treatment for stress, anxiety, depression and other issues. That said I welcome anyone fourteen and older who needs to talk. I work couples, families, athletes and individuals struggling with anger management, adjustment disorders and behavioral issues. I am certified in Trauma informed care and can help people process trauma and those with PTSD. A standard session is 45 minutes, but they can be extended to 55 minutes if necessary.
My clients are primarily adolescent and adult males seeking treatment for stress, anxiety, depression and other issues. That said I welcome anyone fourteen and older who needs to talk. I work couples, families, athletes and individuals struggling with anger management, adjustment disorders and behavioral issues. I am certified in Trauma informed care and can help people process trauma and those with PTSD. A standard session is 45 minutes, but they can be extended to 55 minutes if necessary.
(475) 323-4857 View (475) 323-4857
Photo of Cathy Utz, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Cathy Utz
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Southport, CT 06890
If you are experiencing self doubt or struggling in an important relationship I can offer you a safe space, empathy, compassion and a professional therapeutic approach to work on what might be keeping you stuck. Whether it is anxiety or depression or any of the many difficult life circumstances; together we can identify ways to help you get back to enjoying your life fully. I am passionate about helping people on their way to a place of emotional well being.
If you are experiencing self doubt or struggling in an important relationship I can offer you a safe space, empathy, compassion and a professional therapeutic approach to work on what might be keeping you stuck. Whether it is anxiety or depression or any of the many difficult life circumstances; together we can identify ways to help you get back to enjoying your life fully. I am passionate about helping people on their way to a place of emotional well being.
(203) 687-4819 View (203) 687-4819
Photo of Janice Hilleman, LCSW, PMH-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Janice Hilleman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PMH-C
Verified Verified
Southport, CT 06890
Motherhood is hard! You're exhausted, sleep deprived, and constantly second guessing yourself. You love your children but feel completely overwhelmed and the expectations of motherhood doesn't match the reality. Sometimes you even wish you could go back to life before kids, when you felt free, successful, and full of optimism. Whether you're currently rocking a newborn back to sleep, hiding in your bathroom from your screaming toddlers, or still recovering from a difficult birth, you are not alone in your feelings.
Motherhood is hard! You're exhausted, sleep deprived, and constantly second guessing yourself. You love your children but feel completely overwhelmed and the expectations of motherhood doesn't match the reality. Sometimes you even wish you could go back to life before kids, when you felt free, successful, and full of optimism. Whether you're currently rocking a newborn back to sleep, hiding in your bathroom from your screaming toddlers, or still recovering from a difficult birth, you are not alone in your feelings.
(475) 231-4352 View (475) 231-4352
Photo of Gretchen Brandt, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Gretchen Brandt
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Southport, CT 06890
Hello and welcome! I have enjoyed working in this field for 20 years... I bring a creative and energetic process to each client I meet. We set out together to improve the relationships that are bringing them down. Relationships are the focus— with partners, families and important people. Relationships to other things are examined as well. Each person that works with me can expect to explore areas of physical well-being as an integral part of their emotional and mental health.
Hello and welcome! I have enjoyed working in this field for 20 years... I bring a creative and energetic process to each client I meet. We set out together to improve the relationships that are bringing them down. Relationships are the focus— with partners, families and important people. Relationships to other things are examined as well. Each person that works with me can expect to explore areas of physical well-being as an integral part of their emotional and mental health.
(203) 916-4094 View (203) 916-4094
Photo of Peggy-Sue Forster, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Peggy-Sue Forster
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Southport, CT 06890
Whether you have been struggling with a long-term issue like depression or anxiety, or have only more recently found yourself facing a difficult life change, finding a therapist that works with your particular strengths in a warm, supportive environment that is also challenging, can mean the difference between spinning your wheels and creating meaningful change. Utilizing a blend of evidence-based solution-focused, cognitive-behavioral and family systems interventions, I will work collaboratively with you and possibly other important people in your life to identify your unique goals and develop a treatment plan to address your needs.
Whether you have been struggling with a long-term issue like depression or anxiety, or have only more recently found yourself facing a difficult life change, finding a therapist that works with your particular strengths in a warm, supportive environment that is also challenging, can mean the difference between spinning your wheels and creating meaningful change. Utilizing a blend of evidence-based solution-focused, cognitive-behavioral and family systems interventions, I will work collaboratively with you and possibly other important people in your life to identify your unique goals and develop a treatment plan to address your needs.
(203) 490-2194 View (203) 490-2194
Photo of Carolyn Yates, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Carolyn Yates
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Southport, CT 06890
Are you feeling overwhelmed by a recent life change? Perhaps it has been slowly building and the constant juggle of competing demands no longer seem sustainable. Change is not easy, however life transitions are often the catalyst for healthy growth. I can help you to unpack the negative thoughts, anxieties, and emotions to discover your triggers and identify patterns. Through this process, clients gain a sense of empowerment to create balance in their lives. The path to inner peace and happiness emerges out of insight and balance.
Are you feeling overwhelmed by a recent life change? Perhaps it has been slowly building and the constant juggle of competing demands no longer seem sustainable. Change is not easy, however life transitions are often the catalyst for healthy growth. I can help you to unpack the negative thoughts, anxieties, and emotions to discover your triggers and identify patterns. Through this process, clients gain a sense of empowerment to create balance in their lives. The path to inner peace and happiness emerges out of insight and balance.
(203) 349-9619 View (203) 349-9619
Photo of Betsi Iris Mufson, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Betsi Iris Mufson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Southport, CT 06890
Do you remember a time when you felt more positive, purposeful, happy...feelings you long for again? Whether it’s a break up, job loss, family conflict or the passing of a loved one..life throws us challenges! With 20 years of clinical experience, I will help you identify changes in your daily life that make a difference! My work includes Psychodynamic Psychotherapy, Mindfulness/Meditation skills, CBT/DBT and EMDR for trauma and emotional regulation. With decades of practice I can gently guide you through the stages of healing and renewal.
Do you remember a time when you felt more positive, purposeful, happy...feelings you long for again? Whether it’s a break up, job loss, family conflict or the passing of a loved one..life throws us challenges! With 20 years of clinical experience, I will help you identify changes in your daily life that make a difference! My work includes Psychodynamic Psychotherapy, Mindfulness/Meditation skills, CBT/DBT and EMDR for trauma and emotional regulation. With decades of practice I can gently guide you through the stages of healing and renewal.
(203) 904-2815 View (203) 904-2815
Photo of Elizabeth Miller, PsyD, Psychologist
Elizabeth Miller
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Southport, CT 06890
Finding a therapist can be overwhelming, but you are already on the right path. I am a clinical psychologist with over ten years of experience and have learned that one of the most important parts of therapy is building a strong relationship between clinician and client. I strive to create a warm, nonjudgmental environment where you feel comfortable, supported, and empowered to get the most out of therapy.
Finding a therapist can be overwhelming, but you are already on the right path. I am a clinical psychologist with over ten years of experience and have learned that one of the most important parts of therapy is building a strong relationship between clinician and client. I strive to create a warm, nonjudgmental environment where you feel comfortable, supported, and empowered to get the most out of therapy.
(475) 251-7189 View (475) 251-7189
Photo of Daniel Snow, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Daniel Snow
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Southport, CT 06490
Specialized therapy for relationship distress. If you're living with stress in your relationship- whether it's fighting, feeling like you're drifting apart, or living with painful patterns between you, please read on. You've probably tried to improve things on your own, but the same problems repeat. This can be feeling like you're walking on eggshells around your partner... feeling alone... not feeling valued or understood... or always bracing for the next fight. My focus is on Relationship Therapy to help couples and individuals get past painful patterns and situations to a deeper, stable level of connection and understanding.
Specialized therapy for relationship distress. If you're living with stress in your relationship- whether it's fighting, feeling like you're drifting apart, or living with painful patterns between you, please read on. You've probably tried to improve things on your own, but the same problems repeat. This can be feeling like you're walking on eggshells around your partner... feeling alone... not feeling valued or understood... or always bracing for the next fight. My focus is on Relationship Therapy to help couples and individuals get past painful patterns and situations to a deeper, stable level of connection and understanding.
(203) 350-3755 View (203) 350-3755
Photo of Amy Goldberg, LMFT, MA, Marriage & Family Therapist
Amy Goldberg
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA
Verified Verified
Southport, CT 06890
We all struggle sometimes. If you find yourself here, dealing with increased levels of worry, stress and over thinking, there is a solution. You don't have to stay overwhelmed and stuck. I can work with you and help you move forward and navigate difficult life transitions, divorce and relationship issues. Our therapy sessions will help you access different resources and strengths in yourself and in your relationships.
We all struggle sometimes. If you find yourself here, dealing with increased levels of worry, stress and over thinking, there is a solution. You don't have to stay overwhelmed and stuck. I can work with you and help you move forward and navigate difficult life transitions, divorce and relationship issues. Our therapy sessions will help you access different resources and strengths in yourself and in your relationships.
(475) 252-7638 View (475) 252-7638
Photo of Joseph P Brady, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Joseph P Brady
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Southport, CT 06890
Welcome to my page. I know it can take some strength of mind to reach out for therapy. I hope to help in your search for answers. In my practice, I offer a safe and trusting space in which you feel accepted, while confident that the therapy is helping you move through your challenges to relief. You and I will build new insights and tools for you to ultimately 'self-support' your own change and relief in the areas you feel stuck. I base my services on the following principals - upholding unconditional regard for you, meeting you ‘where you are’, collaborating with you, and guiding therapy at your pace.
Welcome to my page. I know it can take some strength of mind to reach out for therapy. I hope to help in your search for answers. In my practice, I offer a safe and trusting space in which you feel accepted, while confident that the therapy is helping you move through your challenges to relief. You and I will build new insights and tools for you to ultimately 'self-support' your own change and relief in the areas you feel stuck. I base my services on the following principals - upholding unconditional regard for you, meeting you ‘where you are’, collaborating with you, and guiding therapy at your pace.
(203) 779-6423 View (203) 779-6423
Photo of Stacey Casparius Ma Lmft, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Stacey Casparius Ma Lmft
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Southport, CT 06890
When life becomes challenging, therapy can be a useful tool to help establish resolutions that bring balance and happiness back into your life. My passion is to help clients make informed healthy decisions about themselves and their relationships enabling them to forge ahead, create change and build a promising future. By creating a safe therapeutic environment, I work collaboratively with my clients suffering from a myriad of symptoms.
When life becomes challenging, therapy can be a useful tool to help establish resolutions that bring balance and happiness back into your life. My passion is to help clients make informed healthy decisions about themselves and their relationships enabling them to forge ahead, create change and build a promising future. By creating a safe therapeutic environment, I work collaboratively with my clients suffering from a myriad of symptoms.
(203) 970-7896 View (203) 970-7896
Photo of Rebecca Ruff, MA, LPCA, NCC
Rebecca Ruff
Professional Counselor Associate, MA, LPCA, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Southport, CT 06890
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with an integrated approach born out of the wellness model, incorporating mind, body, and spirit. I take an interactive approach, believing that counseling is a collaborative process in which my clients have the solutions to their dilemmas within themselves, the freedom to choose what directions their lives take, and the ability to take control of that freedom.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with an integrated approach born out of the wellness model, incorporating mind, body, and spirit. I take an interactive approach, believing that counseling is a collaborative process in which my clients have the solutions to their dilemmas within themselves, the freedom to choose what directions their lives take, and the ability to take control of that freedom.
(475) 215-2634 View (475) 215-2634
Photo of Caroline J Temple, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Caroline J Temple
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Southport, CT 06890
If you are seeking help right now, you probably want something in your life to change. You might feel overwhelmed, sad, or anxious, out of balance, lacking in joy or energy, or just plain unhappy. In this fast-paced life where stress has become commonplace and acceptable, it may be time for you to take a "pause" to reflect on your life and re-align with your best self. In a safe, comfortable environment, together we will open the doors of self-awareness and trust, breaking down resistances and building a bridge to living your life with greater joy and ease. The first step is to be willing to take a peek at what's holding you back!
If you are seeking help right now, you probably want something in your life to change. You might feel overwhelmed, sad, or anxious, out of balance, lacking in joy or energy, or just plain unhappy. In this fast-paced life where stress has become commonplace and acceptable, it may be time for you to take a "pause" to reflect on your life and re-align with your best self. In a safe, comfortable environment, together we will open the doors of self-awareness and trust, breaking down resistances and building a bridge to living your life with greater joy and ease. The first step is to be willing to take a peek at what's holding you back!
(203) 318-4714 View (203) 318-4714
Photo of Alyssa Kolesar - Coastal Connecticut Counseling, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Coastal Connecticut Counseling
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Southport, CT 06890
Are you struggling with feelings of anxiety, sadness, or feeling stuck in life? You're not alone, and you don't have to face these difficulties by yourself. At Coastal, we understand how overwhelming these feelings can be, and we are here to offer a warm, empathetic, and non-judgmental space for you to explore your emotions. Together, we can identify your strengths and work towards healing and personal growth. Your well-being is important, and we are committed to being with you every step of the way on your journey to a healthier, happier you!
Are you struggling with feelings of anxiety, sadness, or feeling stuck in life? You're not alone, and you don't have to face these difficulties by yourself. At Coastal, we understand how overwhelming these feelings can be, and we are here to offer a warm, empathetic, and non-judgmental space for you to explore your emotions. Together, we can identify your strengths and work towards healing and personal growth. Your well-being is important, and we are committed to being with you every step of the way on your journey to a healthier, happier you!
(475) 471-1804 View (475) 471-1804
Photo of Andrew Wagenseller, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Andrew Wagenseller
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Southport, CT 06890
Life presents us with many complex challenges. Whether you are feeling stuck, struggling with life transitions, depression, anxiety, substance abuse or relationship issues, you don't need to go through it alone. I work from a person-centered approach where I meet each client where they are in their process of change to help clarify and achieve their personal goals in therapy and in life. I offer clients commitment, compassion and freedom from judgment. My areas of specialization include addiction, trauma and PTSD, anxiety and depression, life transitions, chronic mental health issues and couples work.
Life presents us with many complex challenges. Whether you are feeling stuck, struggling with life transitions, depression, anxiety, substance abuse or relationship issues, you don't need to go through it alone. I work from a person-centered approach where I meet each client where they are in their process of change to help clarify and achieve their personal goals in therapy and in life. I offer clients commitment, compassion and freedom from judgment. My areas of specialization include addiction, trauma and PTSD, anxiety and depression, life transitions, chronic mental health issues and couples work.
(203) 433-6208 View (203) 433-6208
1

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Southport, CT

50+

Average cost per session

$200

Therapists in Southport, CT who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
89% Depression
74% Relationship Issues
68% Parenting
68% Self Esteem
66% Family Conflict
66% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

15 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

64% Aetna
64% HUSKY Health
46% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Southport, CT see their clients

85% In Person and Online
15% Online Only

Gender breakdown

85% Female
15% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Southport?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.