Therapists in Plano, TX

Photo of Christy Stone, LPC-S, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Christy Stone
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Plano, TX 75093  (Online Only)
Who do you turn to when life throws challenges your way or you're going through a big transition? Who do you open up to about your spiritual questions? Whether you're dealing with everyday stress or searching for deeper meaning, I’m here to walk with you. As a counselor and spiritual director, I keep it real and relatable, focusing on your mental, emotional, physical, and spiritual well-being. Let’s dig into what really matters. Your journey is uniquely yours, and I would be honored to walk alongside you.
Who do you turn to when life throws challenges your way or you're going through a big transition? Who do you open up to about your spiritual questions? Whether you're dealing with everyday stress or searching for deeper meaning, I’m here to walk with you. As a counselor and spiritual director, I keep it real and relatable, focusing on your mental, emotional, physical, and spiritual well-being. Let’s dig into what really matters. Your journey is uniquely yours, and I would be honored to walk alongside you.
(972) 433-5487 View (972) 433-5487
Mary Elizabeth Shands
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Plano, TX 75093
Mary is a Licensed Professional Counselor who believes that the only limits we have in life are the limits we place on ourselves. Truly the sky is the limit! One of the first things Mary will do is to focus on a relationship building that the client and the therapist must build. Mary uses several types of therapy, but narrows down the best combination/program depending on the client. Therapies used include cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Reality Therapy, Mindfulness and Psychotherapy. Clients include children teens and adults who are dealing with difficulties, anxiety, trauma, anger management, mood disorder, cancer and COVID 19.
Mary is a Licensed Professional Counselor who believes that the only limits we have in life are the limits we place on ourselves. Truly the sky is the limit! One of the first things Mary will do is to focus on a relationship building that the client and the therapist must build. Mary uses several types of therapy, but narrows down the best combination/program depending on the client. Therapies used include cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Reality Therapy, Mindfulness and Psychotherapy. Clients include children teens and adults who are dealing with difficulties, anxiety, trauma, anger management, mood disorder, cancer and COVID 19.
(972) 556-6961 View (972) 556-6961
Photo of Rebecca Jones, PhD, LCSW, LMFT, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Rebecca Jones
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW, LMFT
Verified Verified
Plano, TX 75023
Dr. Jones considers her career in counseling to be the privilege of a lifetime. Her more than twenty-five years of practice have been a source of satisfaction and pride as she has been allowed to foster deep, trusting alliances with her clients and guide them toward a more meaningful life experience. Her goal is to partner with you in identifying and working together towards the resolution of your worries, concerns and emotional challenges. She has developed an eclectic practice, working with children, teens, adults, couples and families. Each group responds to a particular approach.
Dr. Jones considers her career in counseling to be the privilege of a lifetime. Her more than twenty-five years of practice have been a source of satisfaction and pride as she has been allowed to foster deep, trusting alliances with her clients and guide them toward a more meaningful life experience. Her goal is to partner with you in identifying and working together towards the resolution of your worries, concerns and emotional challenges. She has developed an eclectic practice, working with children, teens, adults, couples and families. Each group responds to a particular approach.
(972) 833-6894 View (972) 833-6894
Photo of Ruby Pappachen, LMSW, LPC, CCTP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Ruby Pappachen
Licensed Professional Counselor, LMSW, LPC, CCTP
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Plano, TX 75024
As humans, we all experience pain. The source of your pain may look similar or different from others, but it is unique to you. Often we are overwhelmed by our circumstances and desire relief. Sometimes our pain manifests as anxiety, depression, marital conflict, grief or identity crisis. Whatever your circumstance or however deep your pain, I believe it is important to have a safe, non-judgmental and neutral place to share your story and seek healing. My desire is to see each of us being functional and purposeful members of society even in the midst of struggles.
As humans, we all experience pain. The source of your pain may look similar or different from others, but it is unique to you. Often we are overwhelmed by our circumstances and desire relief. Sometimes our pain manifests as anxiety, depression, marital conflict, grief or identity crisis. Whatever your circumstance or however deep your pain, I believe it is important to have a safe, non-judgmental and neutral place to share your story and seek healing. My desire is to see each of us being functional and purposeful members of society even in the midst of struggles.
(214) 833-6447 View (214) 833-6447
Photo of Matthew Bagley, LPC-A, MS
Matthew Bagley
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, LPC-A, MS
Verified Verified
Plano, TX 75024
I believe in creating a safe and non judgmental space where my clients feel secure in sharing their thoughts and feelings. I operate from a Cognitive-Behavioral perspective based on the intersection of thoughts, beliefs, and the feelings that come from them. I utilize a variety of other techniques that are best suited and adapted to you as an individual
I believe in creating a safe and non judgmental space where my clients feel secure in sharing their thoughts and feelings. I operate from a Cognitive-Behavioral perspective based on the intersection of thoughts, beliefs, and the feelings that come from them. I utilize a variety of other techniques that are best suited and adapted to you as an individual
(972) 364-4927 x508 View (972) 364-4927 x508
Photo of Mitchell Shane Hill - Mitch Hill, LCSW-S, LCSW-S, BA-Psyc, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Mitch Hill, LCSW-S
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-S, BA-Psyc
Verified Verified
Plano, TX 75024  (Online Only)
My practice is all about improving self-awareness, self-control, and resiliency. I also focus on strengthening overall family connection and support. I use an eclectic blend of evidence-based theories and experiential practice. That means using the best of science in ways that are real, relevant and in-the-moment.
My practice is all about improving self-awareness, self-control, and resiliency. I also focus on strengthening overall family connection and support. I use an eclectic blend of evidence-based theories and experiential practice. That means using the best of science in ways that are real, relevant and in-the-moment.
(214) 232-6507 View (214) 232-6507
Photo of Amissa Sharrock, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Amissa Sharrock
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Plano, TX 75093  (Online Only)
Over 25 years clinical experience in helping adults struggling with workplace issues, everyday stressors, depression, anxiety/obsessive worry/panic attacks, relationship issues, divorce, unhealthy boundaries, toxic boss, job burnout, lack of work/life balance, conflict/criticism/difficult people, dysfunctional family, shame/guilt, healing past pain/hurts & losses, Trauma/PTSD, decreased self-esteem/confidence & chronic pain. I also have in-depth experience/insight into the specialized field of working with all types of First Responders & their family members related to the job, crisis situations, secondary trauma & family issues.
Over 25 years clinical experience in helping adults struggling with workplace issues, everyday stressors, depression, anxiety/obsessive worry/panic attacks, relationship issues, divorce, unhealthy boundaries, toxic boss, job burnout, lack of work/life balance, conflict/criticism/difficult people, dysfunctional family, shame/guilt, healing past pain/hurts & losses, Trauma/PTSD, decreased self-esteem/confidence & chronic pain. I also have in-depth experience/insight into the specialized field of working with all types of First Responders & their family members related to the job, crisis situations, secondary trauma & family issues.
(214) 817-2327 View (214) 817-2327
Photo of Amy T. Einspruch, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Amy T. Einspruch
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Plano, TX 75024
Amy T. Einspruch is a Licensed Professional Counselor Supervisor in Texas who has been practicing since 2009. She has a Master of Art in Psychology and a Master of Science in Sociology from Southern Methodist University and a Masters of Professional Counseling from The American School of Psychology at Argosy University. Amy has been in the field of mental health for more than 25 years in a variety of settings, ranging from Residential Treatment Facilities, Schools, Family Courts, Teen Shelters, Intensive Home-based Therapy and Transitional Living Programs.
Amy T. Einspruch is a Licensed Professional Counselor Supervisor in Texas who has been practicing since 2009. She has a Master of Art in Psychology and a Master of Science in Sociology from Southern Methodist University and a Masters of Professional Counseling from The American School of Psychology at Argosy University. Amy has been in the field of mental health for more than 25 years in a variety of settings, ranging from Residential Treatment Facilities, Schools, Family Courts, Teen Shelters, Intensive Home-based Therapy and Transitional Living Programs.
(972) 430-4035 View (972) 430-4035
Photo of Patty Evans, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Patty Evans
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Plano, TX 75075
Experienced therapist specializing in couples counseling, trauma, codependency, anxiety and depression.
Experienced therapist specializing in couples counseling, trauma, codependency, anxiety and depression.
(972) 627-4508 View (972) 627-4508
Photo of Jennifer Elaine Kepke-Beathard, MEd, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jennifer Elaine Kepke-Beathard
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
Plano, TX 75024
Waitlist for new clients
No one is flawless in life, and we all make choices we sometimes regret. Jennifer uses an integrative approach to help clients recover from emotionally manipulative relationships and various abuses—mental, physical, emotional, sexual, and psychological. She also addresses anxiety, depression, dissociative and personality disorders, life transitions, parenting challenges, and goal achievement. Embrace your journey in a collaborative effort to navigate life challenges into stepping stones toward healing.
No one is flawless in life, and we all make choices we sometimes regret. Jennifer uses an integrative approach to help clients recover from emotionally manipulative relationships and various abuses—mental, physical, emotional, sexual, and psychological. She also addresses anxiety, depression, dissociative and personality disorders, life transitions, parenting challenges, and goal achievement. Embrace your journey in a collaborative effort to navigate life challenges into stepping stones toward healing.
(254) 274-4350 View (254) 274-4350
Photo of Terri Tyler -Jones - TherapyNow , MA, PhD, Psy, LCPC
TherapyNow
MA, PhD, Psy, LCPC
Verified Verified
Plano, TX 75024
If you need help with your mental or emotional issues, I can help train the mind on what and where to focus. My therapies utilizes self-control strategies, reflection, meditation, and counseling, which are used to help overcome stress, depression, anxiety, chronic pain, insomnia, and low self-esteem.
If you need help with your mental or emotional issues, I can help train the mind on what and where to focus. My therapies utilizes self-control strategies, reflection, meditation, and counseling, which are used to help overcome stress, depression, anxiety, chronic pain, insomnia, and low self-esteem.
(817) 259-2590 View (817) 259-2590
Photo of Lupita Lopez, MS, LPC-A
Lupita Lopez
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, MS, LPC-A
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Plano, TX 75024
Are you feeling overwhelmed, disconnected, or insecure? I specialize in supporting clients who are struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, and chronic issues. My approach focuses on strengthening your sense of self and fostering emotional resilience. Together, we'll create a safe and supportive space where you can explore your inner world, gain clarity, and cultivate personal growth. Using compassion, mindfulness, and evidence-based techniques, I am here to guide you on your journey toward enlightenment and reclaiming your well-being. If you're ready to take the first step, reach out today!
Are you feeling overwhelmed, disconnected, or insecure? I specialize in supporting clients who are struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, and chronic issues. My approach focuses on strengthening your sense of self and fostering emotional resilience. Together, we'll create a safe and supportive space where you can explore your inner world, gain clarity, and cultivate personal growth. Using compassion, mindfulness, and evidence-based techniques, I am here to guide you on your journey toward enlightenment and reclaiming your well-being. If you're ready to take the first step, reach out today!
(469) 466-6734 View (469) 466-6734
Photo of Litza Christina Bodden, MA, LPC-S, Licensed Professional Counselor
Litza Christina Bodden
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Plano, TX 75093
Life can be stressful, overwhelming and even confusing. Sometimes we need to talk to someone who is understanding of our fears, concerns, and problems but also can shine a light to our inner strengths to overcome these obstacles. That is why I created, Shining Lights Counseling LLC to provide a supportive, safe environment which will empower you to explore and challenge the areas of your life that you desire to change. I will help you discover your inner strengths that will help you live a better, more enriched life.
Life can be stressful, overwhelming and even confusing. Sometimes we need to talk to someone who is understanding of our fears, concerns, and problems but also can shine a light to our inner strengths to overcome these obstacles. That is why I created, Shining Lights Counseling LLC to provide a supportive, safe environment which will empower you to explore and challenge the areas of your life that you desire to change. I will help you discover your inner strengths that will help you live a better, more enriched life.
(214) 891-2044 View (214) 891-2044
Photo of Valerie Akins, LCSW, LCDC, LCAS, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Valerie Akins
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCDC, LCAS
Verified Verified
Plano, TX 75024  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I specialize in ACT & RO DBT for adults with emotional overcontrol. My clients often struggle with excessive worry, needing certainty and order, rigid thinking, insistence on rules or routines, perfectionism, avoidance, procrastination or excessive working. Clients tend to experience discomfort with social connections, are people pleasers or have low assertiveness, have low emotional awareness and restricted emotional expression. Overcontrol may include depression, anxiety, and personality disorders (Avoidant PD, Obsessive-Compulsive PD). Treatment focuses on building psychological flexibility, valued-living & healthy relationships.
I specialize in ACT & RO DBT for adults with emotional overcontrol. My clients often struggle with excessive worry, needing certainty and order, rigid thinking, insistence on rules or routines, perfectionism, avoidance, procrastination or excessive working. Clients tend to experience discomfort with social connections, are people pleasers or have low assertiveness, have low emotional awareness and restricted emotional expression. Overcontrol may include depression, anxiety, and personality disorders (Avoidant PD, Obsessive-Compulsive PD). Treatment focuses on building psychological flexibility, valued-living & healthy relationships.
(972) 433-5730 View (972) 433-5730
Photo of Heather Rey, MSW, LMSW, CCTS-I, CPT, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Heather Rey
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LMSW, CCTS-I, CPT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Plano, TX 75024
People tend to seek therapy for two reasons: to resolve interpersonal conflicts and/or internal conflicts. These conflicts may cause you to feel guilt stricken, frozen in time, panicked, anxious, depressed, nervous, obsessive or withdrawn. Most of the time, these feelings stem from cognitions (thoughts) that lead us down an emotional spiral where we feel out of control and lost. If you want to gain a better understanding of yourself, your trauma history, and how early imprinting may connect to interpersonal or internal conflict, you may find therapy to be a life-giving, healing and liberating experience.
People tend to seek therapy for two reasons: to resolve interpersonal conflicts and/or internal conflicts. These conflicts may cause you to feel guilt stricken, frozen in time, panicked, anxious, depressed, nervous, obsessive or withdrawn. Most of the time, these feelings stem from cognitions (thoughts) that lead us down an emotional spiral where we feel out of control and lost. If you want to gain a better understanding of yourself, your trauma history, and how early imprinting may connect to interpersonal or internal conflict, you may find therapy to be a life-giving, healing and liberating experience.
(469) 443-8528 View (469) 443-8528
Photo of Jessica Corsaro, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jessica Corsaro
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Plano, TX 75075
Not accepting new clients
If you are looking for a genuine, down-to-earth, non-judgmental counselor, then look no further! I have a special interest in helping people who are having a difficult time navigating life challenges, especially anyone from young adults to older adults. Another aspect of my work that I enjoy is working with clients who suffer from Anxiety, Depression, Trauma, PTSD, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Hoarding Disorder.
If you are looking for a genuine, down-to-earth, non-judgmental counselor, then look no further! I have a special interest in helping people who are having a difficult time navigating life challenges, especially anyone from young adults to older adults. Another aspect of my work that I enjoy is working with clients who suffer from Anxiety, Depression, Trauma, PTSD, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Hoarding Disorder.
(972) 885-6650 View (972) 885-6650
Photo of Kathy Point, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kathy Point
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Plano, TX 75024
I specialize in treating adults and adolescents experiencing anxiety, depression, mood disorders, trauma, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). I enjoy working alongside couples, helping them navigate challenging life transitions together. With a welcoming and supportive personality, I strive to create an environment where you can feel at ease in my presence. Building a trust-based relationship is paramount to me, and I am committed to earning your trust through our therapeutic journey together. My goal is to empower you with healthy coping strategies and boost your confidence in working through difficult situations.
I specialize in treating adults and adolescents experiencing anxiety, depression, mood disorders, trauma, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). I enjoy working alongside couples, helping them navigate challenging life transitions together. With a welcoming and supportive personality, I strive to create an environment where you can feel at ease in my presence. Building a trust-based relationship is paramount to me, and I am committed to earning your trust through our therapeutic journey together. My goal is to empower you with healthy coping strategies and boost your confidence in working through difficult situations.
(512) 768-2731 View (512) 768-2731
Photo of Abigail (Abby) Dowell, MA, NCC
Abigail (Abby) Dowell
LPC Associate, MA, NCC
Verified Verified
Plano, TX 75074
Embarking on a journey to healing involves exploring the intricacies of the mind, and I'm here to be your compassionate companion. You are here because you are searching for something. I understand what it feels like to be stuck and hope to help my clients achieve those full-circle moments to gain new footing. Each client brings their unique story, and together with the therapist, they embark on a collaborative journey to cultivate strength, resilience, and a sense of well-being. I aim to create a warm, approachable environment where healing unfolds as shared exploration, fostering growth and empowerment.
Embarking on a journey to healing involves exploring the intricacies of the mind, and I'm here to be your compassionate companion. You are here because you are searching for something. I understand what it feels like to be stuck and hope to help my clients achieve those full-circle moments to gain new footing. Each client brings their unique story, and together with the therapist, they embark on a collaborative journey to cultivate strength, resilience, and a sense of well-being. I aim to create a warm, approachable environment where healing unfolds as shared exploration, fostering growth and empowerment.
(214) 239-1231 View (214) 239-1231
Photo of Rebekah Johnson, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Rebekah Johnson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Plano, TX 75024
Are you experiencing high levels of anxiety and life stress? Are you and your spouse having difficulty connecting and getting stuck in negative patterns of communication? Do you have past trauma that affects your present relationships and optimal level of functioning? I have worked with people experiencing marital problems, symptoms of anxiety, depression, overwhelming levels of stress, and PTSD. I have also worked with clients recovering from physical, sexual, religious, psychological abuse and trauma. I seek to bring relief to my clients as they process past experiences, current stressors, and develop desirable ways of thriving.
Are you experiencing high levels of anxiety and life stress? Are you and your spouse having difficulty connecting and getting stuck in negative patterns of communication? Do you have past trauma that affects your present relationships and optimal level of functioning? I have worked with people experiencing marital problems, symptoms of anxiety, depression, overwhelming levels of stress, and PTSD. I have also worked with clients recovering from physical, sexual, religious, psychological abuse and trauma. I seek to bring relief to my clients as they process past experiences, current stressors, and develop desirable ways of thriving.
(972) 430-7925 View (972) 430-7925
Photo of Cecilia Herrera-Leggett - La Vida Sin Miedo Evaluaciones de Inmigracion, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
La Vida Sin Miedo Evaluaciones de Inmigracion
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Plano, TX 75023
Not accepting new clients
Hello! I am Cecilia Herrera-Leggett. Having immigrated from Mexico as a young adult, I understand the struggles that immigrants experience in the U.S. For this reason, I have been conducting psychosocial evaluations since 2009, which can be used for the immigration process as recommended by an immigration representative.
Hello! I am Cecilia Herrera-Leggett. Having immigrated from Mexico as a young adult, I understand the struggles that immigrants experience in the U.S. For this reason, I have been conducting psychosocial evaluations since 2009, which can be used for the immigration process as recommended by an immigration representative.
(214) 380-1989 View (214) 380-1989
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Plano, TX

1,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Plano, TX who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
89% Depression
74% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
68% Trauma and PTSD
68% Coping Skills
66% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

80% Aetna
73% BlueCross and BlueShield
72% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Plano, TX see their clients

74% In Person and Online
26% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Plano?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.