Therapists in Montréal, QC

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Photo of Chloe Martin, MA, CCC, AATQ
Chloe Martin
MA, CCC, AATQ
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Montréal, QC H2J
Hello there! It's amazing that you're considering seeking support. Struggle to cope with your feelings? Ever wish you had a clearer sense of what you really need and where you want to go in life? Are you struggling with attachment difficulties, codependent or counter-dependence? A strong inner-critic? I'm here to help you navigate these challenges and create meaningful change in your life. In our sessions, I prioritize creating a safe and non-judgmental environment where you can explore your emotions, thoughts, and experiences freely. I aim to empower you in navigating your unique circumstances.
Hello there! It's amazing that you're considering seeking support. Struggle to cope with your feelings? Ever wish you had a clearer sense of what you really need and where you want to go in life? Are you struggling with attachment difficulties, codependent or counter-dependence? A strong inner-critic? I'm here to help you navigate these challenges and create meaningful change in your life. In our sessions, I prioritize creating a safe and non-judgmental environment where you can explore your emotions, thoughts, and experiences freely. I aim to empower you in navigating your unique circumstances.
(438) 255-0226 View (438) 255-0226
Photo of Dr. Marisa Mercuri, PhD, Psychologist
Dr. Marisa Mercuri
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Montréal, QC H3T
Waitlist for new clients
I am a licensed clinical psychologist, working with adults of all ages and providing individual, couple, and family therapy. My areas of expertise include treatments for anxiety, depression, emotional regulation, and stress management, as well as interpersonal, sexual, and couple difficulties.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist, working with adults of all ages and providing individual, couple, and family therapy. My areas of expertise include treatments for anxiety, depression, emotional regulation, and stress management, as well as interpersonal, sexual, and couple difficulties.
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Photo of Paige Geisinger, CCC, MS, PMH-C, CTP, Counsellor
Paige Geisinger
Counsellor, CCC, MS, PMH-C, CTP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Montréal, QC H3N
Maybe you need support in navigating pregnancy or the newborn stage, or maybe your relationship has been struggling in the midst of reproductive challenges. Certified in Perinatal Mental Health, I guide couples and individuals through the transformative journey of welcoming new life. Specifically, I love supporting queer couples navigating their reproductive, pregnancy, and postpartum journey. Beyond the perinatal period, I help clients enhance communication and navigate neurodivergency. I use modalities such as Gottman Theory, Attachment Theory/EFT, and solution-oriented therapy to help clients achieve their goals.
Maybe you need support in navigating pregnancy or the newborn stage, or maybe your relationship has been struggling in the midst of reproductive challenges. Certified in Perinatal Mental Health, I guide couples and individuals through the transformative journey of welcoming new life. Specifically, I love supporting queer couples navigating their reproductive, pregnancy, and postpartum journey. Beyond the perinatal period, I help clients enhance communication and navigate neurodivergency. I use modalities such as Gottman Theory, Attachment Theory/EFT, and solution-oriented therapy to help clients achieve their goals.
(438) 230-0459 View (438) 230-0459
Photo of Gabriella Evans - The Trauma Therapy Group, MA, RCC, CCC, Counsellor
The Trauma Therapy Group
Counsellor, MA, RCC, CCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Montréal, QC H4A  (Online Only)
Hi and welcome. We are a group of Trauma Therapists who have devoted our practice to working holistically with those who wish to free themselves from the grips of past pain and return to states of safety, peace and connection.
Hi and welcome. We are a group of Trauma Therapists who have devoted our practice to working holistically with those who wish to free themselves from the grips of past pain and return to states of safety, peace and connection.
(438) 255-2997 View (438) 255-2997
Photo of Ruth Myriam Alvarado, MSW, ACNN, AATQ
Ruth Myriam Alvarado
MSW, ACNN, AATQ
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Montréal, QC H4A
I have been working with individuals and couples who have experienced difficulties to relate to their own experiences and to build affirmative relationships. By addressing obstacles and accessing resources, it is possible to gain and to increase sense of agency and safety. Often, growing up there were no clear models of communication, managing conflict, expressing needs and emotions in ways that can be heard so finding new ways is essential to a sense of well-being.
I have been working with individuals and couples who have experienced difficulties to relate to their own experiences and to build affirmative relationships. By addressing obstacles and accessing resources, it is possible to gain and to increase sense of agency and safety. Often, growing up there were no clear models of communication, managing conflict, expressing needs and emotions in ways that can be heard so finding new ways is essential to a sense of well-being.
(438) 256-8569 View (438) 256-8569
Photo of Rebecca S Murray, MA, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Rebecca S Murray
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Montréal, QC H4A
Not accepting new clients
*CURRENTLY NOT ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS* I work primarily with couples, and individuals wishing to address relationship issues. I enjoy working with couples to establish new ways of communicating with one another so that they can have closer, more fulfilling relationships. I also work with people going through transitional moments in life , when everything is possible. From difficult break ups to career changes, these moments can provide tough challenges, but also opportunities for people to redefine themselves and their goals.
*CURRENTLY NOT ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS* I work primarily with couples, and individuals wishing to address relationship issues. I enjoy working with couples to establish new ways of communicating with one another so that they can have closer, more fulfilling relationships. I also work with people going through transitional moments in life , when everything is possible. From difficult break ups to career changes, these moments can provide tough challenges, but also opportunities for people to redefine themselves and their goals.
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Photo of Sarah Kennedy Certified Music Therapist, BHScPT, MA, MTA
Sarah Kennedy Certified Music Therapist
BHScPT, MA, MTA
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Montréal, QC H2M
Do you struggle with emotional pain and grief that you would like to process through music? I work with adults experiencing grief and loss, bereavement, life transitions, emotional pain, anxiety, depression, and stress. I use music therapy to help my clients increase self-awareness, ease pain, develop self-soothing techniques, and restore well-being. We will harness your natural love of music to create personal transformation. Music Therapy is a certified profession. I completed a masters degree with a focus on music therapy for psychological health, and my approach is trauma-informed.
Do you struggle with emotional pain and grief that you would like to process through music? I work with adults experiencing grief and loss, bereavement, life transitions, emotional pain, anxiety, depression, and stress. I use music therapy to help my clients increase self-awareness, ease pain, develop self-soothing techniques, and restore well-being. We will harness your natural love of music to create personal transformation. Music Therapy is a certified profession. I completed a masters degree with a focus on music therapy for psychological health, and my approach is trauma-informed.
(450) 823-6270 View (450) 823-6270
Photo of Jennifer Wiley-Vallerand Art Therapy, MA, ATPQ, Art Therapist
Jennifer Wiley-Vallerand Art Therapy
Art Therapist, MA, ATPQ
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Montréal, QC H3Z
Feeling the stress of life can be an overwhelming experience. Jennifer will assist you in your journey to creatively explore your movement towards mental health wellbeing. Trauma focused art therapy can be particularly effective for the client who feels stuck or who cannot talk about their difficulties. We will work together to develop a deeper understanding of yourself through creative exploration of your experiences.  I am particularly interested in supporting a systematic exploration of the clients sensory experiences, to encourage an understanding of their physical and emotional balance.
Feeling the stress of life can be an overwhelming experience. Jennifer will assist you in your journey to creatively explore your movement towards mental health wellbeing. Trauma focused art therapy can be particularly effective for the client who feels stuck or who cannot talk about their difficulties. We will work together to develop a deeper understanding of yourself through creative exploration of your experiences.  I am particularly interested in supporting a systematic exploration of the clients sensory experiences, to encourage an understanding of their physical and emotional balance.
(514) 458-9733 View (514) 458-9733
Photo of Sendy Espina Delgado, MSW, BSW, SCC, Registered Social Worker
Sendy Espina Delgado
Registered Social Worker, MSW, BSW, SCC
Verified Verified
Montréal, QC H1L  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Do you struggle with feelings of inadequacy, depression, intrusive thoughts, or anger beyond your control? Do you find yourself often in either withdrawing or pursuing patterns with loved ones? Are your coping mechanism no longer helpful? Have you experienced trauma or abuse? I can help you feel more balanced and in control. We can work on either present or past issues, whichever you choose, at your own pace.
Do you struggle with feelings of inadequacy, depression, intrusive thoughts, or anger beyond your control? Do you find yourself often in either withdrawing or pursuing patterns with loved ones? Are your coping mechanism no longer helpful? Have you experienced trauma or abuse? I can help you feel more balanced and in control. We can work on either present or past issues, whichever you choose, at your own pace.
(450) 367-5498 View (450) 367-5498
Photo of Naomi Ashkenazy, MSW, PSW, CFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Naomi Ashkenazy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MSW, PSW, CFT
Verified Verified
Montréal, QC H3W
Waitlist for new clients
I am a Psychotherapist, Clinical Social Worker, Clinical Supervisor and licensed Couple and Family Therapist with over 30 years experience. I understand that acknowledging a need for therapy may not be easy. The thought of confronting painful situations and relationships, past or present, may cause discomfort and anxiety. My hope is that in working together, I will be able to ease you through a difficult and challenging process; one which will help you to create healthier pathways to more functional and satisfying relationships, along with an enhanced sense of meaning in your life.
I am a Psychotherapist, Clinical Social Worker, Clinical Supervisor and licensed Couple and Family Therapist with over 30 years experience. I understand that acknowledging a need for therapy may not be easy. The thought of confronting painful situations and relationships, past or present, may cause discomfort and anxiety. My hope is that in working together, I will be able to ease you through a difficult and challenging process; one which will help you to create healthier pathways to more functional and satisfying relationships, along with an enhanced sense of meaning in your life.
(514) 700-4617 View (514) 700-4617
Photo of Charbel Michel Ibrahim, MA, TCF, Psycho, Coach, NLP, Marriage & Family Therapist
Charbel Michel Ibrahim
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, TCF, Psycho, Coach, NLP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Montréal, QC H4K
I am a marriage and family therapist, a licensed psychotherapist with over 18 years of experience. My areas of expertise include treatments for trauma, anxiety, depression, emotional distress, grief, stress management, bereavement, perinatal bereavement, couple and family difficulties. I believe everyone has inner resources, so I honor my clients’ unique perspectives, values and strengths.
I am a marriage and family therapist, a licensed psychotherapist with over 18 years of experience. My areas of expertise include treatments for trauma, anxiety, depression, emotional distress, grief, stress management, bereavement, perinatal bereavement, couple and family difficulties. I believe everyone has inner resources, so I honor my clients’ unique perspectives, values and strengths.
(450) 954-4854 View (450) 954-4854
Photo of Genevieve Fauteux, MFT, MEd, Marriage & Family Therapist
Genevieve Fauteux
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT, MEd
Verified Verified
Montréal, QC H3H
As a couple and family therapist, I am dedicated to helping families and couples overcome challenges and build healthy relationships. I work collaboratively with clients, drawing on a range of therapeutic modalities to tailor treatment to their unique needs. I am committed to respecting the diverse cultural contexts in which families and couples live and love, and I strive to create a safe and supportive space where clients can explore their concerns, gain new insights, and develop the skills they need to thrive.
As a couple and family therapist, I am dedicated to helping families and couples overcome challenges and build healthy relationships. I work collaboratively with clients, drawing on a range of therapeutic modalities to tailor treatment to their unique needs. I am committed to respecting the diverse cultural contexts in which families and couples live and love, and I strive to create a safe and supportive space where clients can explore their concerns, gain new insights, and develop the skills they need to thrive.
(438) 230-6637 View (438) 230-6637
Photo of Elena Willis, MA, co
Elena Willis
MA, co
Verified Verified
Montréal, QC H4A
I strongly believe in your innate potential for growth and healing. I aim to create a caring, authentic and collaborative atmosphere to facilitate that process. I meet you where you are in your journey and offer a deep sense of engagement and in-depth listening. I work predominantly within a psychodynamic framework to address the unconscious factors which contribute to suffering and symptoms. By engaging with unconscious material, you will expand self-understanding and self-awareness. In my work, I typically incorporate elements from mindfulness, breathwork, emotion-focused therapy and compassion-focused therapy.
I strongly believe in your innate potential for growth and healing. I aim to create a caring, authentic and collaborative atmosphere to facilitate that process. I meet you where you are in your journey and offer a deep sense of engagement and in-depth listening. I work predominantly within a psychodynamic framework to address the unconscious factors which contribute to suffering and symptoms. By engaging with unconscious material, you will expand self-understanding and self-awareness. In my work, I typically incorporate elements from mindfulness, breathwork, emotion-focused therapy and compassion-focused therapy.
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Photo of Dr. Krista Pratte, PsyD, Psychologist
Dr. Krista Pratte
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Montréal, QC H3Z
Best reached by Email. For more info please visit: www.avenuepsy.com. Feeling anxious, depressed, lost? Feeling a sense of loss of control and having difficulty understanding the factors responsible for these feelings? I am a bilingual licensed clinical psychologist, member of the Ordre des Psychologues du Québec(OPQ). I offer an open inviting and non-judgmental space that aims to unpack and make sense of each individuals pain and suffering in order to foster significant lasting change.
Best reached by Email. For more info please visit: www.avenuepsy.com. Feeling anxious, depressed, lost? Feeling a sense of loss of control and having difficulty understanding the factors responsible for these feelings? I am a bilingual licensed clinical psychologist, member of the Ordre des Psychologues du Québec(OPQ). I offer an open inviting and non-judgmental space that aims to unpack and make sense of each individuals pain and suffering in order to foster significant lasting change.
(438) 806-0495 View (438) 806-0495
Photo of Maxine Silverman, MSW, Registered Social Worker
Maxine Silverman
Registered Social Worker, MSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Montréal, QC H2X
Please note at this time I only have availability for virtual sessions. Welcome to my page - I am licensed clinical social worker here in Montreal. My therapeutic areas of focus include but are not limited to: anxiety and depression, life changes and transitions, family related issues, and boundary setting.
Please note at this time I only have availability for virtual sessions. Welcome to my page - I am licensed clinical social worker here in Montreal. My therapeutic areas of focus include but are not limited to: anxiety and depression, life changes and transitions, family related issues, and boundary setting.
(438) 803-6286 View (438) 803-6286
Photo of Tom Caplan, MSW, MFT
Tom Caplan
MSW, MFT
Verified Verified
Montréal, QC H3S
Waitlist for new clients
Tom Caplan, MSW, MFT is a licensed Social worker (OTSTCFQ), Marriage and Family Therapist and Supervisor (AAMFT/CAMFT), and psychotherapist (OPQ) in private practice who works with individuals, couples, families and groups. He was an Adjunct Professor at McGill University (Ret.) in the School of Social Work and consultant to the McGill Domestic Violence Clinic, Montreal Anger Management Centre and the Caplan Therapy Centre. He is also a designated expert in Domestic Violence and Generalized Violence for the Quebec Court System. Tom is on staff at the Cree Baord of Health and is a contractor for KSCS.
Tom Caplan, MSW, MFT is a licensed Social worker (OTSTCFQ), Marriage and Family Therapist and Supervisor (AAMFT/CAMFT), and psychotherapist (OPQ) in private practice who works with individuals, couples, families and groups. He was an Adjunct Professor at McGill University (Ret.) in the School of Social Work and consultant to the McGill Domestic Violence Clinic, Montreal Anger Management Centre and the Caplan Therapy Centre. He is also a designated expert in Domestic Violence and Generalized Violence for the Quebec Court System. Tom is on staff at the Cree Baord of Health and is a contractor for KSCS.
(514) 400-2520 View (514) 400-2520
Photo of Bianca Pungartnik, OPQ, OCCOQ, CCC, NIHB, CRPO, Registered Psychotherapist
Bianca Pungartnik
Registered Psychotherapist, OPQ, OCCOQ, CCC, NIHB, CRPO
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Montréal, QC H3Z  (Online Only)
Throughout our sessions, I strive to create an environment of compassion, acceptance, and present moment awareness. I don't see myself as fundamentally different from the client, but rather as someone who can bring a fresh perspective to their situation. I believe that the client and I are both climbing our own mountains, and I can use my vantage point to identify obstacles on their mountain that they may not be aware of. In therapy, every struggle is important, and no one's pain is greater or less than another's. Together, we can then find new ways to navigate these obstacles and chart a new course towards a more fulfilling life.
Throughout our sessions, I strive to create an environment of compassion, acceptance, and present moment awareness. I don't see myself as fundamentally different from the client, but rather as someone who can bring a fresh perspective to their situation. I believe that the client and I are both climbing our own mountains, and I can use my vantage point to identify obstacles on their mountain that they may not be aware of. In therapy, every struggle is important, and no one's pain is greater or less than another's. Together, we can then find new ways to navigate these obstacles and chart a new course towards a more fulfilling life.
(514) 889-8922 View (514) 889-8922
Photo of Sherel Griffiths - Sherel Griffiths Therapy & Mediation Services, MSW, LCSW, CFT, AFM, MSc, Registered Psychotherapist
Sherel Griffiths Therapy & Mediation Services
Registered Psychotherapist, MSW, LCSW, CFT, AFM, MSc
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Montréal, QC H4B  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Maneuvering through the different stages of "Life Journey" can be fulfilling as well as filled with periods of high stress, and emotional imbalance. Through the guiding principles of dignity, diversity, and self-determination, individual therapy brings growth by focusing on your strengths and resilience. Couple therapy can be beneficial to couples who are looking to strengthen their emotional connection in all stages of their relationship. Through the process of couple therapy, I vow to help you understand and become unstuck from the repetitive cycle of miscommunication, stepping on each other's toes, and triggering unhealed wounds.
Maneuvering through the different stages of "Life Journey" can be fulfilling as well as filled with periods of high stress, and emotional imbalance. Through the guiding principles of dignity, diversity, and self-determination, individual therapy brings growth by focusing on your strengths and resilience. Couple therapy can be beneficial to couples who are looking to strengthen their emotional connection in all stages of their relationship. Through the process of couple therapy, I vow to help you understand and become unstuck from the repetitive cycle of miscommunication, stepping on each other's toes, and triggering unhealed wounds.
(438) 255-4340 View (438) 255-4340
Photo of Eli Abdellahi, MA, CCC, Counsellor
Eli Abdellahi
Counsellor, MA, CCC
Verified Verified
Montréal, QC H1Y  (Online Only)
It would be great to find support to navigate the ups and downs without having to constantly educate your therapist about your experiences, and what it means to live in your body. You're looking for someone who will really listen, who affirms you and cares about your well-being and who will be there to help you define your life on your own terms.
It would be great to find support to navigate the ups and downs without having to constantly educate your therapist about your experiences, and what it means to live in your body. You're looking for someone who will really listen, who affirms you and cares about your well-being and who will be there to help you define your life on your own terms.
(438) 901-4133 View (438) 901-4133
Photo of Patricia Ivan, PhD, Marriage & Family Therapist
Patricia Ivan
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD
Verified Verified
Montréal, QC H4A
Not accepting new clients
Patricia is an experienced individual and marital/family therapist. She is a sensitive and caring person with exceptional listening skills, depth of intellect and moral objectivity. Clients appreciate her ability to tap into their resources, and they frequently return at different stages of their lives. Patricia counsels people with a variety of psychological and interpersonal issues: work, life, relationship conflict or transitions, anxiety/depression, burnout, loss, separation, divorce, eating disorders, existential and spiritual crises. She is approachable and non-judgmental.
Patricia is an experienced individual and marital/family therapist. She is a sensitive and caring person with exceptional listening skills, depth of intellect and moral objectivity. Clients appreciate her ability to tap into their resources, and they frequently return at different stages of their lives. Patricia counsels people with a variety of psychological and interpersonal issues: work, life, relationship conflict or transitions, anxiety/depression, burnout, loss, separation, divorce, eating disorders, existential and spiritual crises. She is approachable and non-judgmental.
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How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Montréal, QC

600+

Average cost per session

$150

Counsellors in Montréal, QC who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
83% Relationship Issues
83% Self Esteem
81% Depression
74% Stress
63% Life Transitions
62% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

56% SunLife
44% Blue Cross
43% Manulife

How Counsellors in Montréal, QC see their clients

62% In Person and Online
38% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
19% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Montréal?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postal code, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postal code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Most Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are certified by one of the main professional associations, mainly the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association (CCPA), and will have a Certified Canadian Counsellor (CCC) designation with their name. Social Workers listed in the directory must be registered members of the college specific to their province. To be listed in the directory, Psychologists must be registered with the psychological college specific to their province or territory.

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given the considerable variation in professional regulation and prerequisites across Canadian provinces, some providers may possess significant professional qualifications without necessarily holding professional memberships or being obliged to acquire them. As a result, they may be selectively included without the "Verified" seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Psychologists, counsellors, psychotherapists and social workers can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in Canada.

Psychologists have a master's and/or doctoral degree and have passed both written and oral exams. Psychologists are able to complete mental health assessments and provide diagnostic information to clients as well as provide counselling therapy or psychotherapy. Counsellors and psychotherapists are expected to have a master's or doctoral degree in counselling psychology, social work, or a related mental health discipline and certification by a professional association, such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association. Registered Social Workers possess a Bachelor's or Master's degree in Social Work and where possible must be licensed or certified by the provincial government and/or regulatory college.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Canada could be between $100 and $200. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. Some types of outpatient mental health services are covered by Medicare, provided these are performed by a licensed mental health professional in the provinces or territory you reside in and who accepts the assignment.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postal code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Professionals licensed by regulatory colleges and those certified by associations such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association are obligated to uphold client confidentiality unless there is a legal reason that requires them to disclose information. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others, or a court order, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.