Therapists in Vermont

View cities and counties in Vermont
Photo of Jeanne Plo, MEd, MA, LCMHC, Counselor
Jeanne Plo
Counselor, MEd, MA, LCMHC
Verified Verified
Burlington, VT 05401
I have been in private practice in Burlington, Vermont, since 1989 working with individuals, children and families. At this time, I am working with couples using a time limited method called Dialogue Therapy. I assist partners in learning the skills of speaking for oneself, listening mindfully and remaining curious about the other person's experience even in the middle of an emotionally threatening conflict.
I have been in private practice in Burlington, Vermont, since 1989 working with individuals, children and families. At this time, I am working with couples using a time limited method called Dialogue Therapy. I assist partners in learning the skills of speaking for oneself, listening mindfully and remaining curious about the other person's experience even in the middle of an emotionally threatening conflict.
(802) 689-1123 View (802) 689-1123
Photo of Jordan Timmons, MA, LPCC, Counselor
Jordan Timmons
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Saint Johnsbury, VT 05819  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Maybe you’re feeling alone and disconnected from the world, like you have to hide your true self. You’ve forgotten what it’s like to be happy, are in the middle of a major transition, or need to cope with something really painful but are not sure how. You oscillate between numbness and overwhelming emotions, it’s difficult to set and maintain boundaries, or your relationships are not what you want them to be. You know you want things to be different, and you are ready to take a step toward healing with the support of a therapist who will see, hear, and understand you as a whole person (not just a bunch of symptoms) without judgment.
Maybe you’re feeling alone and disconnected from the world, like you have to hide your true self. You’ve forgotten what it’s like to be happy, are in the middle of a major transition, or need to cope with something really painful but are not sure how. You oscillate between numbness and overwhelming emotions, it’s difficult to set and maintain boundaries, or your relationships are not what you want them to be. You know you want things to be different, and you are ready to take a step toward healing with the support of a therapist who will see, hear, and understand you as a whole person (not just a bunch of symptoms) without judgment.
(802) 526-6843 View (802) 526-6843
Photo of Maramonie L King, PsyD, LCMHC, Counselor
Maramonie L King
Counselor, PsyD, LCMHC
Verified Verified
Wolcott, VT 05680
What you can expect from me is kindness, patience, and empathy as we navigate you or your child's journey to mental wellness and improved relationships. I specialize in individual (all ages), couples, and family work with a focus on trauma, relational issues, effective communication skills, conflict resolution, healing broken trust, and more. I am also skilled at addressing parenting issues and developing skills and strategies for more effective parenting practices. My counseling style is person-centered and eclectic, pulling from a variety of modalities to personalize an approach that meets the individual needs of clients.
What you can expect from me is kindness, patience, and empathy as we navigate you or your child's journey to mental wellness and improved relationships. I specialize in individual (all ages), couples, and family work with a focus on trauma, relational issues, effective communication skills, conflict resolution, healing broken trust, and more. I am also skilled at addressing parenting issues and developing skills and strategies for more effective parenting practices. My counseling style is person-centered and eclectic, pulling from a variety of modalities to personalize an approach that meets the individual needs of clients.
(802) 347-9035 View (802) 347-9035
Photo of Abby Jacobson - Abby Jacobson, Adoptee Counselor, MA
Abby Jacobson, Adoptee Counselor
MA
Verified Verified
Putney, VT 05346
Adoptees are often a silent population due to challenges surrounding the issue of trust. Needs for this population may include difficulties connecting with others, difficulty with self esteem & making decisions to appease others rather than for themselves. Goals are often directly linked to these issues. How do I know? I have both lived experiences as a former foster child & adoptee who then used those experiences to launch me into the field of psychotherapy where I accrued over 20 years of experience. Learning to trust & knowing who we are as adoptees is an important part of the healing work we will do together.
Adoptees are often a silent population due to challenges surrounding the issue of trust. Needs for this population may include difficulties connecting with others, difficulty with self esteem & making decisions to appease others rather than for themselves. Goals are often directly linked to these issues. How do I know? I have both lived experiences as a former foster child & adoptee who then used those experiences to launch me into the field of psychotherapy where I accrued over 20 years of experience. Learning to trust & knowing who we are as adoptees is an important part of the healing work we will do together.
(802) 328-9462 View (802) 328-9462
Photo of Amber Lange, MS, CMHC
Amber Lange
MS, CMHC
Verified Verified
Winooski, VT 05404  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Sometimes life is complicated, stressful, and can feel overwhelming, especially in today's world. When interpersonal relationships, family dynamics, or mental health challenges present themselves it is comforting to know that you don't have to sit with all of that by yourself. Connecting with someone and working on life's difficulties, whether it be old wounds or new, can be liberating and empowering. Together we can explore your thoughts, feelings, and emotions; together we can work on the difficult and rewarding work of being the best version of yourself you can be.
Sometimes life is complicated, stressful, and can feel overwhelming, especially in today's world. When interpersonal relationships, family dynamics, or mental health challenges present themselves it is comforting to know that you don't have to sit with all of that by yourself. Connecting with someone and working on life's difficulties, whether it be old wounds or new, can be liberating and empowering. Together we can explore your thoughts, feelings, and emotions; together we can work on the difficult and rewarding work of being the best version of yourself you can be.
(802) 300-4175 View (802) 300-4175
Photo of Roberta L Paley, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Roberta L Paley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Brattleboro, VT 05301
VT MEDICAID ACCEPTED. NEW CLIENTS WELCOME! Do you react intensely to others' behavior? Do people say you are oversensitive? Do you sometimes need to withdraw from people to feel safe? A history of emotional wounding could be playing a big part in your distress. But it is often difficult to make the connection. Emotional mistreatment is not like physical or overt sexual abuse, which are episodic and which often leave specific memories. It is more of a pattern of behavior directed towards you that leaves you feeling hurt, alone and uncertain of your place in the world.
VT MEDICAID ACCEPTED. NEW CLIENTS WELCOME! Do you react intensely to others' behavior? Do people say you are oversensitive? Do you sometimes need to withdraw from people to feel safe? A history of emotional wounding could be playing a big part in your distress. But it is often difficult to make the connection. Emotional mistreatment is not like physical or overt sexual abuse, which are episodic and which often leave specific memories. It is more of a pattern of behavior directed towards you that leaves you feeling hurt, alone and uncertain of your place in the world.
(802) 992-1638 View (802) 992-1638
Photo of Wendy Lee Stous - Wendy Stous M.S. LLC, MA, BA, Assoc
Wendy Stous M.S. LLC
Unlicensed Psychotherapist, MA, BA, Assoc
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Saint Albans, VT 05478
Covid-19 support and protocol ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS: WEEKEND, EVENING, DAY & ONLINE APPOINTMENTS. Monday, Wednesday,Thursday, Friday and Sundays. Hours 10am to 5p If you have challenges in your life that you need help resolving, contact me for a free phone consultation. You will discover that when I work with you, you are not just a client, you are an individual. Together, we would develop a plan to improve your life in a manner that is right for you. My specializations include grief & loss, anxiety, effective communication for couples and more. If you are ready to make meaningful changes in your life, contact me. I am here to help.
Covid-19 support and protocol ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS: WEEKEND, EVENING, DAY & ONLINE APPOINTMENTS. Monday, Wednesday,Thursday, Friday and Sundays. Hours 10am to 5p If you have challenges in your life that you need help resolving, contact me for a free phone consultation. You will discover that when I work with you, you are not just a client, you are an individual. Together, we would develop a plan to improve your life in a manner that is right for you. My specializations include grief & loss, anxiety, effective communication for couples and more. If you are ready to make meaningful changes in your life, contact me. I am here to help.
(802) 520-2664 View (802) 520-2664
Photo of Danielle Bergeron Ingram, MS, LCMHC, Psychologist
Danielle Bergeron Ingram
Psychologist, MS, LCMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Middlebury, VT 05753  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Together we will explore issues and obstacles so that you can feel better and work toward a healthier, happier way of living. I will help you gain greater insight into the problems you face, to increase self confidence, learn problem solving skills and effective ways of coping with stress. We will examine patterns in your life that may be affecting your relationships, the way you think about yourself, and limiting your ability to achieve the changes that you want to make.
Together we will explore issues and obstacles so that you can feel better and work toward a healthier, happier way of living. I will help you gain greater insight into the problems you face, to increase self confidence, learn problem solving skills and effective ways of coping with stress. We will examine patterns in your life that may be affecting your relationships, the way you think about yourself, and limiting your ability to achieve the changes that you want to make.
(802) 794-3751 x1 View (802) 794-3751 x1
Photo of Scott Ward, LICSW, MSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Scott Ward
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, MSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Woodstock, VT 05091  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Thank you for your interest. My clinical work focuses on individuals who are experiencing personal, family or relational and communication difficulty. These may include couples or parents of children or teenagers. Additionally, young adults in transition in life including school, job or a relationship. My therapeutic approach is to first explore with you your life history, the presenting problem and then develop a plan, utilizing tools to manage the stressors better. We'll establish goals for our work and embark on a journey together.
Thank you for your interest. My clinical work focuses on individuals who are experiencing personal, family or relational and communication difficulty. These may include couples or parents of children or teenagers. Additionally, young adults in transition in life including school, job or a relationship. My therapeutic approach is to first explore with you your life history, the presenting problem and then develop a plan, utilizing tools to manage the stressors better. We'll establish goals for our work and embark on a journey together.
(802) 200-2514 View (802) 200-2514
Photo of Callie Douglass, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Callie Douglass
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Not accepting new clients
I specialize in working with students and adults navigating transitions, challenges, and personal goals. I believe that in order to change negative patterns, anxiety or depression, we need to understand and explore our own strengths and skills. My own non-linear path has enriched and informed my work with individuals navigating social and emotional stressors. I strive to create an open and honest therapeutic space to support clients as they decipher big questions and develop coping strategies, self care practices and a deeper acceptance of self.
I specialize in working with students and adults navigating transitions, challenges, and personal goals. I believe that in order to change negative patterns, anxiety or depression, we need to understand and explore our own strengths and skills. My own non-linear path has enriched and informed my work with individuals navigating social and emotional stressors. I strive to create an open and honest therapeutic space to support clients as they decipher big questions and develop coping strategies, self care practices and a deeper acceptance of self.
(802) 444-8224 View (802) 444-8224
Photo of Dave Contrada, MA, Psychologist
Dave Contrada
Psychologist, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Montpelier, VT 05602
Waitlist for new clients
The goal of my practice is to reduce suffering, expand personal freedom, and create a stable and joyous life for my patients. And because the problems people face in life are as unique as people themselves, I approach therapy in a highly personalized manner. I have experience working on a wide range of problems from adjustment to life stress and transforming pervasive negativity to managing and transforming complex mental and emotional pain.
The goal of my practice is to reduce suffering, expand personal freedom, and create a stable and joyous life for my patients. And because the problems people face in life are as unique as people themselves, I approach therapy in a highly personalized manner. I have experience working on a wide range of problems from adjustment to life stress and transforming pervasive negativity to managing and transforming complex mental and emotional pain.
(802) 585-2089 View (802) 585-2089
Photo of Michele M Reed, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Michele M Reed
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Waterbury, VT 05676
For over 30 years, I've worked with a range of issues, including depression, anxiety, and grief. My practice is guided by a deep appreciation for psychoanalytic thought and its clinical influence, effecting meaningful shifts in a person's internal and external life. I listen carefully, and while respecting the importance of confidentiality, as well as using empathy, honesty and sometimes humor, I encourage the exploration of conscious and unconscious thoughts/feelings. We explore the influence of unconscious wishes, fears and inhibitions which are often expressed in dreams, life choices or physical symptoms.
For over 30 years, I've worked with a range of issues, including depression, anxiety, and grief. My practice is guided by a deep appreciation for psychoanalytic thought and its clinical influence, effecting meaningful shifts in a person's internal and external life. I listen carefully, and while respecting the importance of confidentiality, as well as using empathy, honesty and sometimes humor, I encourage the exploration of conscious and unconscious thoughts/feelings. We explore the influence of unconscious wishes, fears and inhibitions which are often expressed in dreams, life choices or physical symptoms.
(802) 244-1748 View (802) 244-1748
Photo of Carolyn Crotty, MA, ATR, LCMHC, RYT, Art Therapist
Carolyn Crotty
Art Therapist, MA, ATR, LCMHC, RYT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Richmond, VT 05477
Are seeking to make sense of anxiety and overwhelm as you move through a big life transition? Maybe you're feeling stuck and are longing to find joy and feel a zest for life again. You might be here because you want to improve communication and desire to learn how to hold healthy boundaries with loved ones or master challenging emotions when you feel triggered or overwhelmed so you can cultivate the loving relationships and work/life balance you desire. If any of this sounds like you, I am glad you are here. Being human is hard and you don't have to struggle through the tough parts alone.
Are seeking to make sense of anxiety and overwhelm as you move through a big life transition? Maybe you're feeling stuck and are longing to find joy and feel a zest for life again. You might be here because you want to improve communication and desire to learn how to hold healthy boundaries with loved ones or master challenging emotions when you feel triggered or overwhelmed so you can cultivate the loving relationships and work/life balance you desire. If any of this sounds like you, I am glad you are here. Being human is hard and you don't have to struggle through the tough parts alone.
(802) 200-2387 View (802) 200-2387
Photo of Meghan Davis, MS, LADC, Drug & Alcohol Counselor
Meghan Davis
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MS, LADC
Verified Verified
Asking for help can be one of the hardest decisions/actions an individual takes when they are struggling with actively using alcohol and/or substances. I also believe it is the most courageous decision/action you may make in your life. An individual who does this is allowing themselves to be vulnerable. When done with the right support can be the most rewarding and empowering experience for an individual. My goal as a counselor is to provide a safe, warm space for you as the client to explore your relationship with alcohol and/or substances.
Asking for help can be one of the hardest decisions/actions an individual takes when they are struggling with actively using alcohol and/or substances. I also believe it is the most courageous decision/action you may make in your life. An individual who does this is allowing themselves to be vulnerable. When done with the right support can be the most rewarding and empowering experience for an individual. My goal as a counselor is to provide a safe, warm space for you as the client to explore your relationship with alcohol and/or substances.
(802) 613-0015 View (802) 613-0015
Photo of Samuel N Hollander, MEd, LADC, Counselor
Samuel N Hollander
Counselor, MEd, LADC
Not Verified Not Verified
Rutland, VT 05701  (Online Only)
I have been practicing psychotherapy for almost 40 years. I believe therapy to be an art form, inasmuch as each person, couple or family has their own singular story, and their own needs; My job is to employ the best approach for that individual or family. I utilize metaphor and humor as tools to help re-frame a perspective or shed light on a troublesome concept, often helping clients look at a particular difficulty in a new way. Please call for a free consult.
I have been practicing psychotherapy for almost 40 years. I believe therapy to be an art form, inasmuch as each person, couple or family has their own singular story, and their own needs; My job is to employ the best approach for that individual or family. I utilize metaphor and humor as tools to help re-frame a perspective or shed light on a troublesome concept, often helping clients look at a particular difficulty in a new way. Please call for a free consult.
(802) 664-4457 View (802) 664-4457
Photo of Michele Delaney, MEd, MS, LCMHC, Counselor
Michele Delaney
Counselor, MEd, MS, LCMHC
Verified Verified
Montpelier, VT 05602
Not accepting new clients
Finding someone with whom you feel comfortable and understood is the most important factor in effective therapy. I offer a safe place to explore your concerns while learning healthy and effective ways to manage intense feelings and resolve problems. Our work together can help you uncover ways your past may be impacting your present, learn new ways of looking at things, and grow confidence in your ability to live well.
Finding someone with whom you feel comfortable and understood is the most important factor in effective therapy. I offer a safe place to explore your concerns while learning healthy and effective ways to manage intense feelings and resolve problems. Our work together can help you uncover ways your past may be impacting your present, learn new ways of looking at things, and grow confidence in your ability to live well.
(802) 552-8301 View (802) 552-8301
Photo of Mary Studley, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Mary Studley
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Winooski, VT 05404  (Online Only)
Currently offering online appointments. The human condition includes times of lightness, times of darkness, and everything in between. Sometimes finding our way back to the light can be confusing but no matter how unlikely it may seem, you have all the answers inside of you and with gentle guidance many of your stuck places will find their own natural solution once you get curious. I'm here to support your goals, working in collaboration with you, meeting you as one human being to another.
Currently offering online appointments. The human condition includes times of lightness, times of darkness, and everything in between. Sometimes finding our way back to the light can be confusing but no matter how unlikely it may seem, you have all the answers inside of you and with gentle guidance many of your stuck places will find their own natural solution once you get curious. I'm here to support your goals, working in collaboration with you, meeting you as one human being to another.
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Photo of Julia Riley, LCSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Julia Riley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
This space is yours for reflection, processing, and making movement at your own pace. My role is to provide tools or strategies that partner with you as you make changes in your life to meet your own goals. Some reasons people seek counseling may include reducing symptoms of a mental health diagnosis, strengthening family relationships, finding balance between the many life responsibilities, improving social relationships/communication/boundary setting, exploring their identity, navigating impact of family addiction/mental health of a loved one, having a space to talk about the challenges of parenting, and many more.
This space is yours for reflection, processing, and making movement at your own pace. My role is to provide tools or strategies that partner with you as you make changes in your life to meet your own goals. Some reasons people seek counseling may include reducing symptoms of a mental health diagnosis, strengthening family relationships, finding balance between the many life responsibilities, improving social relationships/communication/boundary setting, exploring their identity, navigating impact of family addiction/mental health of a loved one, having a space to talk about the challenges of parenting, and many more.
(802) 392-9521 View (802) 392-9521
Photo of Caroline O'Connor - Caroline O'Connor Supervision & Counseling , LCMHC, Counselor
Caroline O'Connor Supervision & Counseling
Counselor, LCMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Burlington, VT 05401
Not accepting new clients
Welcome! I currently have openings for supervisees who are acquiring the necessary hours for state licensure. I also have limited openings for couples' workshops or intensives, or those interested in holistic healing retreats. I help clients with deepening their understanding of themselves and their patterns. I offer guidance and support with relational issues, anxiety, personal transitions, and suppressed creativity & vitality. While working together, we may focus on thought processes, feelings and mindfulness, in order to support positive relationships, emotional health, and increased awareness & empowerment.
Welcome! I currently have openings for supervisees who are acquiring the necessary hours for state licensure. I also have limited openings for couples' workshops or intensives, or those interested in holistic healing retreats. I help clients with deepening their understanding of themselves and their patterns. I offer guidance and support with relational issues, anxiety, personal transitions, and suppressed creativity & vitality. While working together, we may focus on thought processes, feelings and mindfulness, in order to support positive relationships, emotional health, and increased awareness & empowerment.
(802) 373-4422 View (802) 373-4422
Photo of Victoria Shumard, LPC, LC, LMHC, Counselor
Victoria Shumard
Counselor, LPC, LC, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rutland, VT 05701  (Online Only)
I specialize in borderline personality disorder, depression, anxiety & OCD disorders; CBT, DBT, & ERP therapy for adolescents & adults. I provide integrated, individual and private therapy services specific to mood, anxiety & trauma disorders. In addition to counseling services, I offer comprehensive diagnosis & the treatment of addiction disorders, focusing on outpatient levels of care and resources for the family.
I specialize in borderline personality disorder, depression, anxiety & OCD disorders; CBT, DBT, & ERP therapy for adolescents & adults. I provide integrated, individual and private therapy services specific to mood, anxiety & trauma disorders. In addition to counseling services, I offer comprehensive diagnosis & the treatment of addiction disorders, focusing on outpatient levels of care and resources for the family.
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How does your Therapist compare?

Average cost per session

$135

Therapists in Vermont who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
84% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
69% Stress
65% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

83% BlueCross and BlueShield
65% Medicaid
50% MVP Health Care

How Therapists in Vermont see their clients

63% In Person and Online
37% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
21% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Vermont?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.