Therapists in Pittsfield, MA

Photo of Trudy Carl, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Trudy Carl
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pittsfield, MA 01201  (Online Only)
Welcome, as you step into the realm of positive change and growth, you've embarked on a journey towards a brighter present and a thriving future. I am Trudy, LCSW (she/her/hers), a Licensed Clinical Social Worker dedicated to guiding individuals, families, and couples towards uncovering their innate wholeness amidst life's challenges. With over 15 years of experience, my practice encompasses a diverse range of specialties including developmental/relational trauma, life transitions, shame, anger, depression, anxiety, grief/loss, PTSD, incarceration/re-entry life stressors, academic/career related concerns, substance use and more.
Welcome, as you step into the realm of positive change and growth, you've embarked on a journey towards a brighter present and a thriving future. I am Trudy, LCSW (she/her/hers), a Licensed Clinical Social Worker dedicated to guiding individuals, families, and couples towards uncovering their innate wholeness amidst life's challenges. With over 15 years of experience, my practice encompasses a diverse range of specialties including developmental/relational trauma, life transitions, shame, anger, depression, anxiety, grief/loss, PTSD, incarceration/re-entry life stressors, academic/career related concerns, substance use and more.
(413) 414-4904 View (413) 414-4904
Photo of Lorraine Brill, MA, LMHC, Counselor
Lorraine Brill
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pittsfield, MA 01201  (Online Only)
I work with individuals who want to improve the quality of their lives and couples who are having difficulty with communication or resolving conflict. My work is to understand the difficulties in the context of the whole person. Together we identify and remove the obstacles that interfere with having a more meaningful life.
I work with individuals who want to improve the quality of their lives and couples who are having difficulty with communication or resolving conflict. My work is to understand the difficulties in the context of the whole person. Together we identify and remove the obstacles that interfere with having a more meaningful life.
(413) 650-6570 View (413) 650-6570
Photo of Emily Badger, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Emily Badger
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Pittsfield, MA 01201
My ideal client is the client that has an idea of what they want in life but is overwhelmed with life challenges. This client desires a safe space to explore their life options and the triggers that are causing negative thinking patterns, self-doubt, and low self-confidence.
My ideal client is the client that has an idea of what they want in life but is overwhelmed with life challenges. This client desires a safe space to explore their life options and the triggers that are causing negative thinking patterns, self-doubt, and low self-confidence.
(413) 366-3253 View (413) 366-3253
Photo of Alysha Warren, LMHC, Counselor
Alysha Warren
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Pittsfield, MA 01201  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Life after sexual trauma can be disorienting, altering your self-perception, trust in others, and connection with your body. It can extend beyond memories, impacting every facet of life. Coping with intense emotions, rebuilding trust, feeling disconnected from your body, experiencing flashbacks, avoiding triggers, and battling shame are common challenges. You might feel isolated and struggle to maintain balance in daily life. Through holistic, integrative, and somatic therapy approaches, we can explore pathways to healing, focusing on reclaiming your life and fostering reconnection with your body.
Life after sexual trauma can be disorienting, altering your self-perception, trust in others, and connection with your body. It can extend beyond memories, impacting every facet of life. Coping with intense emotions, rebuilding trust, feeling disconnected from your body, experiencing flashbacks, avoiding triggers, and battling shame are common challenges. You might feel isolated and struggle to maintain balance in daily life. Through holistic, integrative, and somatic therapy approaches, we can explore pathways to healing, focusing on reclaiming your life and fostering reconnection with your body.
(413) 323-3383 View (413) 323-3383
Photo of Katherine Cortes, MA, LCSW, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Katherine Cortes
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LCSW, LMSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pittsfield, MA 01201
Waitlist for new clients
No openings currently - join waitlist! -Now accepting clients virtually in CT, MA, NY and NJ! Morning and afternoon appointments avaialable. I am a bilingual therapist with over 20 years of experience working with children and families of diverse populations. I focus on the stages of development, social interactions, and how it can have an impact on daily functioning. I focus on issues like school, relationships, family systems, emotional dysregulation, self-esteem/identity, and anxiety and depression. My goal is to help my clients gain skills to thrive rather than just survive.
No openings currently - join waitlist! -Now accepting clients virtually in CT, MA, NY and NJ! Morning and afternoon appointments avaialable. I am a bilingual therapist with over 20 years of experience working with children and families of diverse populations. I focus on the stages of development, social interactions, and how it can have an impact on daily functioning. I focus on issues like school, relationships, family systems, emotional dysregulation, self-esteem/identity, and anxiety and depression. My goal is to help my clients gain skills to thrive rather than just survive.
(413) 307-3973 View (413) 307-3973
Photo of Samantha Vaccaro, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Samantha Vaccaro
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Pittsfield, MA 01201
Do you want to make a positive change in your life but are limited by negative thoughts or beliefs? Do you want to break down internal walls and work toward the best version of you? I am Sam Vaccaro, Integrative Therapist from the Berkshires and I would like to be apart of your journey. I see healing as a journey, the process of growth, mending pieces, making connections, forgiving, accepting and creating a new. I am passionate about helping women reach their mental health and wellness goals. You are a whole person & your care should include all parts of you.
Do you want to make a positive change in your life but are limited by negative thoughts or beliefs? Do you want to break down internal walls and work toward the best version of you? I am Sam Vaccaro, Integrative Therapist from the Berkshires and I would like to be apart of your journey. I see healing as a journey, the process of growth, mending pieces, making connections, forgiving, accepting and creating a new. I am passionate about helping women reach their mental health and wellness goals. You are a whole person & your care should include all parts of you.
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Photo of Lauren Blackerby, LMHC, ATR, Counselor
Lauren Blackerby
Counselor, LMHC, ATR
Verified Verified
Pittsfield, MA 01201  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I have helped clients experiencing anxiety, depression, life transitions, and those learning to manage their mental health symptoms. When life feels overwhelming and you are not sure how to cope, I believe that therapy can provide the tools needed to manage your stress and mental health symptoms. These skills can also better equip you to do the work of processing past trauma and working through family of origin issues. I believe you are the expert when it comes to your work and healing.
I have helped clients experiencing anxiety, depression, life transitions, and those learning to manage their mental health symptoms. When life feels overwhelming and you are not sure how to cope, I believe that therapy can provide the tools needed to manage your stress and mental health symptoms. These skills can also better equip you to do the work of processing past trauma and working through family of origin issues. I believe you are the expert when it comes to your work and healing.
(508) 691-8934 View (508) 691-8934
Photo of Deborah Nicola Salmon, LMHC, Counselor
Deborah Nicola Salmon
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Pittsfield, MA 01201  (Online Only)
My ideal clients are individuals facing various life challenges and seeking positive change. This includes professionals grappling with career obstacles and striving for fulfillment in their work. I also support those experiencing low self-esteem, helping them build confidence and recognize their inherent worth. Clients adapting to new life situations, such as a move or a new job, will find support in our sessions. I am particularly attuned to the needs of those struggling with peer relationships, aiming to improve their social connections and communication skills. Additionally, I have a strong interest in supporting parents.
My ideal clients are individuals facing various life challenges and seeking positive change. This includes professionals grappling with career obstacles and striving for fulfillment in their work. I also support those experiencing low self-esteem, helping them build confidence and recognize their inherent worth. Clients adapting to new life situations, such as a move or a new job, will find support in our sessions. I am particularly attuned to the needs of those struggling with peer relationships, aiming to improve their social connections and communication skills. Additionally, I have a strong interest in supporting parents.
(413) 675-5050 View (413) 675-5050
Photo of Mary Ceballos, Counselor
Mary Ceballos
Counselor
Verified Verified
Pittsfield, MA 01201  (Online Only)
Welcome, to SonderMind counseling, my name is Mary Ceballos. I received my advanced training in counseling through Lesley University and am independently licensed as a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in the state of Massachusetts. I have had the privilege of providing therapeutic supports to many individuals as they work to navigate through various stressors including anxious episodes, sleep disturbances, lack of motivation, difficulty focusing, reactivity due to traumatic experiences, grief & sadness due to loss, depressive mood, work related stressors and/or conflicted relationship dynamics to name a few.
Welcome, to SonderMind counseling, my name is Mary Ceballos. I received my advanced training in counseling through Lesley University and am independently licensed as a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in the state of Massachusetts. I have had the privilege of providing therapeutic supports to many individuals as they work to navigate through various stressors including anxious episodes, sleep disturbances, lack of motivation, difficulty focusing, reactivity due to traumatic experiences, grief & sadness due to loss, depressive mood, work related stressors and/or conflicted relationship dynamics to name a few.
(413) 288-4070 View (413) 288-4070
Photo of Courtney Fulks Coduri, LMHC, Counselor
Courtney Fulks Coduri
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsfield, MA 01201  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Worry, stress, grief, and growth seem to be playing out everywhere while so many struggle, too often in isolation. I have years of experience working with adult and teen clients on concerns such as anxiety, depression, trauma, identity, and relationships, with a focus on navigating life transitions and challenges. I believe each person has incredible capacity to grow and heal when given space and support to do so in their own way. My approach starts with curiosity, how it is to move through the world as you.
Worry, stress, grief, and growth seem to be playing out everywhere while so many struggle, too often in isolation. I have years of experience working with adult and teen clients on concerns such as anxiety, depression, trauma, identity, and relationships, with a focus on navigating life transitions and challenges. I believe each person has incredible capacity to grow and heal when given space and support to do so in their own way. My approach starts with curiosity, how it is to move through the world as you.
(413) 384-5490 View (413) 384-5490
Photo of Brenda Morrill, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Brenda Morrill
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pittsfield, MA 01201
Growing up today is not easy, especially when connections and relationships are challenging. Communication can get complicated and even messy sometimes. Using compassionate curiousity, I work with others to identify strength based approaches, to support areas of challenge, sometimes using animals, plants, & eco therapy. Finding and protecting our peace is important work in our lives. I offer creative strategies to support balance, learn healthy choices and let go of what doesn't serve you. I'm grateful to share over 20 years of experience with you while holding the space for us to identify “the next right thing” for you together .
Growing up today is not easy, especially when connections and relationships are challenging. Communication can get complicated and even messy sometimes. Using compassionate curiousity, I work with others to identify strength based approaches, to support areas of challenge, sometimes using animals, plants, & eco therapy. Finding and protecting our peace is important work in our lives. I offer creative strategies to support balance, learn healthy choices and let go of what doesn't serve you. I'm grateful to share over 20 years of experience with you while holding the space for us to identify “the next right thing” for you together .
(413) 327-9709 View (413) 327-9709
Photo of Sam Schrager, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sam Schrager
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Pittsfield, MA 01201
Not accepting new clients
I provide individual therapy for adults and adolescents from a holistic and trauma-informed approach. My focus as a therapist is to provide a calm, peaceful and welcoming environment as we work together to gain the insight and tools necessary to achieve your wellness goals and to find a sense of balance, joy and fulfillment in life. My work is client-centered, heavily influenced by trauma research, and incorporates psycho-education in order to give you evidence-based techniques to utilize outside of our therapy sessions on your own to reduce distress.
I provide individual therapy for adults and adolescents from a holistic and trauma-informed approach. My focus as a therapist is to provide a calm, peaceful and welcoming environment as we work together to gain the insight and tools necessary to achieve your wellness goals and to find a sense of balance, joy and fulfillment in life. My work is client-centered, heavily influenced by trauma research, and incorporates psycho-education in order to give you evidence-based techniques to utilize outside of our therapy sessions on your own to reduce distress.
(413) 216-2413 View (413) 216-2413
Photo of Louisa Weeden - Heart & Soul Psychotherapy, MA, LMHC, Counselor
Heart & Soul Psychotherapy
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsfield, MA 01201
I create a safe, supportive space within which you can dare to fully be yourself and experience what you are really feeling. Life is challenging and it can be hard to thrive going it alone. I can help you to work through blocks and become more loving and whole. Loving yourself as you are releases your life energy and opens you to new opportunities and possibilities. Choices become clear and change then becomes a natural, nearly effortless flow. We live in a time of nearly constant distraction and disconnect - I help people focus on themselves and what they really need.
I create a safe, supportive space within which you can dare to fully be yourself and experience what you are really feeling. Life is challenging and it can be hard to thrive going it alone. I can help you to work through blocks and become more loving and whole. Loving yourself as you are releases your life energy and opens you to new opportunities and possibilities. Choices become clear and change then becomes a natural, nearly effortless flow. We live in a time of nearly constant distraction and disconnect - I help people focus on themselves and what they really need.
(413) 486-0986 View (413) 486-0986
Photo of Maureen Sweeney, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Maureen Sweeney
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Pittsfield, MA 01201
Not accepting new clients
My special focus is on our future - children. We need healthy and functional individuals to take us into the future. I support child clients to examine the challenges they face, to preserve their agency and develop strategies to manage their moods. And I extend that support to every client I work with no matter their age.
My special focus is on our future - children. We need healthy and functional individuals to take us into the future. I support child clients to examine the challenges they face, to preserve their agency and develop strategies to manage their moods. And I extend that support to every client I work with no matter their age.
(413) 339-3438 View (413) 339-3438
Photo of Joshua P Miesmer, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Joshua P Miesmer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Pittsfield, MA 01201
The primary focus of my work with clients is to listen to and understand each person as they are, with the intention of forming a therapeutic relationship that allows for healing, growth and transformation. My approach is based on the belief that people deserve to know more about themselves, and that this can help them to connect with others, to experience less suffering and to overcome obstacles that limit their enjoyment of life. I will offer an atmosphere of empathy and respect, along with insights and observations based on your specific situation and needs.
The primary focus of my work with clients is to listen to and understand each person as they are, with the intention of forming a therapeutic relationship that allows for healing, growth and transformation. My approach is based on the belief that people deserve to know more about themselves, and that this can help them to connect with others, to experience less suffering and to overcome obstacles that limit their enjoyment of life. I will offer an atmosphere of empathy and respect, along with insights and observations based on your specific situation and needs.
(413) 287-9781 View (413) 287-9781
Photo of Jim Mucia, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jim Mucia
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Pittsfield, MA 01201
My Interventions are evidenced based and time tested in years of practice. I work with anxiety and depression with sub-specialties in addictions, sport psychology and chronic pain management. I also specialize in couples and family therapy. Thank you for viewing my profile. I am more than happy to answer any questions you might have, please feel free to call.
My Interventions are evidenced based and time tested in years of practice. I work with anxiety and depression with sub-specialties in addictions, sport psychology and chronic pain management. I also specialize in couples and family therapy. Thank you for viewing my profile. I am more than happy to answer any questions you might have, please feel free to call.
(413) 418-3827 View (413) 418-3827
Photo of Kevin Cobb, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kevin Cobb
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Pittsfield, MA 01201  (Online Only)
I have clinical experience working with children, adolescents, and adults experiencing difficulty with depression, anxiety, ADHD, PTSD, substance use, social-relational issues, self-esteem and goal attainment. An honest and comfortable feeling with the therapist is the key to a successful outcome. My emphasis is to create an environment that provides clients to feel safe in addressing their challenges and goals. I begin with a comprehensive assessment to personalize your treatment plan. We review treatment options incorporating short and long term objectives.
I have clinical experience working with children, adolescents, and adults experiencing difficulty with depression, anxiety, ADHD, PTSD, substance use, social-relational issues, self-esteem and goal attainment. An honest and comfortable feeling with the therapist is the key to a successful outcome. My emphasis is to create an environment that provides clients to feel safe in addressing their challenges and goals. I begin with a comprehensive assessment to personalize your treatment plan. We review treatment options incorporating short and long term objectives.
(413) 307-4263 View (413) 307-4263
Photo of Bj McElrath - Ellie Mental Health - Pittsfield, MA, MA, LMHC, LPCC, Counselor
Ellie Mental Health - Pittsfield, MA
Counselor, MA, LMHC, LPCC
Verified Verified
Pittsfield, MA 01201
Ellie Mental Health in Pittsfield is redefining what mental health care looks like! We’ve created a warm, inviting space where you can feel comfortable being your true self. Whether you’re here to navigate life’s challenges or take control of your mental health journey, we’re ready to meet you where you are with compassionate, customized care. At Ellie, we’re all about breaking down barriers to therapy and making mental health care accessible, empowering, and—most importantly—designed around you.
Ellie Mental Health in Pittsfield is redefining what mental health care looks like! We’ve created a warm, inviting space where you can feel comfortable being your true self. Whether you’re here to navigate life’s challenges or take control of your mental health journey, we’re ready to meet you where you are with compassionate, customized care. At Ellie, we’re all about breaking down barriers to therapy and making mental health care accessible, empowering, and—most importantly—designed around you.
(413) 779-9049 View (413) 779-9049
Photo of Michael Barbarulo - Life Strategies Consulting: Life/FitnessCoaching., MS, LADC 1, CASAC-G, PhDc, C-LC, Drug & Alcohol Counselor
Life Strategies Consulting: Life/FitnessCoaching.
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MS, LADC 1, CASAC-G, PhDc, C-LC
Verified Verified
Pittsfield, MA 01201  (Online Only)
Imagine living a life where you can achieve anything you desire. As a Life Coach, my goal is to help you uncover your true potential and lead a life worth celebrating. I provide support and guidance to transform the issues holding you back from reaching your goals. I specialize in transforming the issues that stand in the way of your goals. Whether you're looking to excel in your career, boost your relationships, or find inner fulfillment, I will be by your side every step of the way. Don't let fear or self-sabotage hold you back any longer. It's time to break free and embrace the life you deserve. Today is the day to invest in you
Imagine living a life where you can achieve anything you desire. As a Life Coach, my goal is to help you uncover your true potential and lead a life worth celebrating. I provide support and guidance to transform the issues holding you back from reaching your goals. I specialize in transforming the issues that stand in the way of your goals. Whether you're looking to excel in your career, boost your relationships, or find inner fulfillment, I will be by your side every step of the way. Don't let fear or self-sabotage hold you back any longer. It's time to break free and embrace the life you deserve. Today is the day to invest in you
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Photo of Nick Kelley, MEd
Nick Kelley
MEd
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsfield, MA 01201  (Online Only)
I am a PEERS (R) Certified Adolescent and Telehealth Provider who facilitates individual and group evidence-based social and relational skills training for adolescents and adults in the autism spectrum or with related developmental and learning challenges. PEERS (R), which stands for the Program for the Evaluation and Enrichment of Relational Skills, was developed at the UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, and is the only evidence-based skills training program of its kind. It's intended specifically for use with neurodiverse populations. I provide PEERS (R) training virtually.
I am a PEERS (R) Certified Adolescent and Telehealth Provider who facilitates individual and group evidence-based social and relational skills training for adolescents and adults in the autism spectrum or with related developmental and learning challenges. PEERS (R), which stands for the Program for the Evaluation and Enrichment of Relational Skills, was developed at the UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, and is the only evidence-based skills training program of its kind. It's intended specifically for use with neurodiverse populations. I provide PEERS (R) training virtually.
(413) 300-2217 View (413) 300-2217

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Pittsfield, MA

100+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Pittsfield, MA who prioritize treating:

88% Anxiety
82% Depression
71% Trauma and PTSD
67% Relationship Issues
65% Self Esteem
64% Stress
62% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

14 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

92% BlueCross and BlueShield
71% Aetna
69% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Pittsfield, MA see their clients

52% In Person and Online
48% Online Only

Gender breakdown

76% Female
23% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Pittsfield?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.