Therapists in North Miami Beach, FL

Photo of Ryan Derico, MA, LMHC, Counselor
Ryan Derico
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
North Miami Beach, FL 33181
I have 16 years of professional, human services experience working with children, adolescents, and adults from urban, suburban, and rural populations. This includes clinical mental health graduate education, scientific training, and professional counseling experience assessing, classifying, and treating mental and emotional health symptoms related to trauma, anxiety, depression, bipolar, grief, substances, relationships, behaviors, development, spirituality, identity, and many others. The mission of my private practice is to provide excellence in counseling using scientific treatment methods to help individuals achieve change.
I have 16 years of professional, human services experience working with children, adolescents, and adults from urban, suburban, and rural populations. This includes clinical mental health graduate education, scientific training, and professional counseling experience assessing, classifying, and treating mental and emotional health symptoms related to trauma, anxiety, depression, bipolar, grief, substances, relationships, behaviors, development, spirituality, identity, and many others. The mission of my private practice is to provide excellence in counseling using scientific treatment methods to help individuals achieve change.
(786) 983-5489 View (786) 983-5489
Photo of Maxim M. Arbuzov, LICSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Maxim M. Arbuzov
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
North Miami Beach, FL 33160
Maxim Arbuzov is a dedicated psychotherapist specializing in men's mental health and relationships. With years of experience, he understands the unique challenges faced by men in today's society. Maxim's compassionate approach empowers his clients to navigate a variety of issues, from anxiety and depression to self-esteem and relationship difficulties. Maxim helps men develop healthier coping strategies, improve their emotional well-being, and cultivate fulfilling relationships. Through his expertise and genuine care, Maxim Arbuzov is transforming lives one session at a time.
Maxim Arbuzov is a dedicated psychotherapist specializing in men's mental health and relationships. With years of experience, he understands the unique challenges faced by men in today's society. Maxim's compassionate approach empowers his clients to navigate a variety of issues, from anxiety and depression to self-esteem and relationship difficulties. Maxim helps men develop healthier coping strategies, improve their emotional well-being, and cultivate fulfilling relationships. Through his expertise and genuine care, Maxim Arbuzov is transforming lives one session at a time.
(407) 214-3635 View (407) 214-3635
Photo of Cynthia Martinez, RMHCI
Cynthia Martinez
Registered Mental Health Counselor Intern, RMHCI
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
North Miami Beach, FL 33162  (Online Only)
I’m a bilingual mental health counselor specializing in adolescents and teens struggling with issues related to self harm and thoughts of suicide. My goal is to work in collaboration with my clients and their parents as they learn their child’s full potential and work towards their own goals. I am also passionate about Perinatal Mental Health, specifically women’s mental health during pregnancy and the postnatal period. I will strive to provide my clients with the tools and resources they need to become a healthier and happier individual.
I’m a bilingual mental health counselor specializing in adolescents and teens struggling with issues related to self harm and thoughts of suicide. My goal is to work in collaboration with my clients and their parents as they learn their child’s full potential and work towards their own goals. I am also passionate about Perinatal Mental Health, specifically women’s mental health during pregnancy and the postnatal period. I will strive to provide my clients with the tools and resources they need to become a healthier and happier individual.
(954) 833-5225 View (954) 833-5225
Photo of Anttroy Anthony Stanley - Mental Matters Coaching LLC., MHC, MFT, MSW
Mental Matters Coaching LLC.
Registered Mental Health Counselor Intern, MHC, MFT, MSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
North Miami Beach, FL 33162  (Online Only)
You’ve tried to deal with the stresses of life on your own but now in a position where you’re ready to grow and evolve. Despite being content with you’re current life, it’s evident that something is missing.
You’ve tried to deal with the stresses of life on your own but now in a position where you’re ready to grow and evolve. Despite being content with you’re current life, it’s evident that something is missing.
(786) 755-5187 View (786) 755-5187
Photo of Tamara Taitt, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Tamara Taitt
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
North Miami Beach, FL 33162
I use a systemic and holistic model to support my clients in managing their relationships, improving communication, resolving conflict and creating new - healthier - patterns of behavior. You can have access to the support you need on your own terms. Any time. Any place. I'm so pleased to be a part of that.
I use a systemic and holistic model to support my clients in managing their relationships, improving communication, resolving conflict and creating new - healthier - patterns of behavior. You can have access to the support you need on your own terms. Any time. Any place. I'm so pleased to be a part of that.
(305) 783-2507 View (305) 783-2507
Photo of Jael Toledo, MS, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern
Jael Toledo
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern, MS, MFT
Not Verified Not Verified
North Miami Beach, FL 33179
We live in a world where everyday more and more people are feeling overwhelmed in their pursuit of a balanced life. Losing oneself can be easy in our day and age and getting back to our true core can sometimes feel tricky. However Jael Toledo, a non conventional systemic therapist, has established her own therapeutic model: PATH Therapy or how she prefers to call it, the journey back to yourself. PATH Therapy is a path where prejudice is replaced with empathy and trust. Where everything that feels complicated eases itself out through multi-sensor and neuro-emotional tools. A path where you normalize that which disturbs you, where
We live in a world where everyday more and more people are feeling overwhelmed in their pursuit of a balanced life. Losing oneself can be easy in our day and age and getting back to our true core can sometimes feel tricky. However Jael Toledo, a non conventional systemic therapist, has established her own therapeutic model: PATH Therapy or how she prefers to call it, the journey back to yourself. PATH Therapy is a path where prejudice is replaced with empathy and trust. Where everything that feels complicated eases itself out through multi-sensor and neuro-emotional tools. A path where you normalize that which disturbs you, where
(305) 306-2985 View (305) 306-2985
Photo of Micaela Szwarc Benayoun, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Micaela Szwarc Benayoun
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
North Miami Beach, FL 33179  (Online Only)
I am a bilingual (English/Spanish) Registered Marriage and Family Therapist Intern, working with individuals, families and couples, ranging from teenagers to adults. My focus is on helping support positive growth by working with clients to not only identify the changes they want to make in their lives, but also to actively assist in making such transitions. I believe every individual has the potential to change, developing healthier coping skills and relationships, which in turn, boost confidence and self-actualization.
I am a bilingual (English/Spanish) Registered Marriage and Family Therapist Intern, working with individuals, families and couples, ranging from teenagers to adults. My focus is on helping support positive growth by working with clients to not only identify the changes they want to make in their lives, but also to actively assist in making such transitions. I believe every individual has the potential to change, developing healthier coping skills and relationships, which in turn, boost confidence and self-actualization.
(305) 783-2786 View (305) 783-2786
Photo of Dr. Pamela D Spears, PhD, Counselor
Dr. Pamela D Spears
Counselor, PhD
Verified Verified
North Miami Beach, FL 33162  (Online Only)
Book with me now by clicking on “my website”. As a dedicated mental health professional specializing in depression, I emphasize meaningful connections and comprehensive care. Passionate about helping clients navigate challenges and uncover underlying causes, I use an integrative, holistic approach to provide compassionate, effective support. This commitment extends to families and the broader community, ensuring efficient care that enhances overall well-being.
Book with me now by clicking on “my website”. As a dedicated mental health professional specializing in depression, I emphasize meaningful connections and comprehensive care. Passionate about helping clients navigate challenges and uncover underlying causes, I use an integrative, holistic approach to provide compassionate, effective support. This commitment extends to families and the broader community, ensuring efficient care that enhances overall well-being.
(786) 655-4439 View (786) 655-4439
Photo of Isaac Farin - Isaac Farin Therapy, LLC, PhD, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Isaac Farin Therapy, LLC
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
North Miami Beach, FL 33179
I have worked with individuals, couples, and families in a variety of contexts such as private practice, outpatient psychiatric centers, psychosocial rehabilitation centers, and home-based therapy visits. I am also experienced in working with clients who are living with substance abuse and/or mental health challenges. My ideal client is anyone who is seeking help from a collaborative approach in discovering solutions to their problems. I encourage my clients to be clear with their goals and make small changes towards achieving them.
I have worked with individuals, couples, and families in a variety of contexts such as private practice, outpatient psychiatric centers, psychosocial rehabilitation centers, and home-based therapy visits. I am also experienced in working with clients who are living with substance abuse and/or mental health challenges. My ideal client is anyone who is seeking help from a collaborative approach in discovering solutions to their problems. I encourage my clients to be clear with their goals and make small changes towards achieving them.
(305) 332-7181 View (305) 332-7181
Photo of Louise K Center, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Louise K Center
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
North Miami Beach, FL 33179  (Online Only)
Today, our lives are full of stressful situations. If you are feeling overwhelmed, anxious, depressed, if you have no one to talk to about your problems - you need to seek out a therapist. If you are reading this you have already taken the first step to finding someone you can relate to. I have almost 20 years experience counseling and coaching both males and females as adolescents, young adults, midlife and older adults and help them successfully find the causes and solutions to their problems.
Today, our lives are full of stressful situations. If you are feeling overwhelmed, anxious, depressed, if you have no one to talk to about your problems - you need to seek out a therapist. If you are reading this you have already taken the first step to finding someone you can relate to. I have almost 20 years experience counseling and coaching both males and females as adolescents, young adults, midlife and older adults and help them successfully find the causes and solutions to their problems.
(305) 741-3915 View (305) 741-3915
Photo of Sarah Fried, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sarah Fried
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
North Miami Beach, FL 33179
My primary goal is to help my clients work through whatever it is they wish to achieve and meet them where they are at. I tend to work best with clients who are looking to learn skills and concrete coping strategies.
My primary goal is to help my clients work through whatever it is they wish to achieve and meet them where they are at. I tend to work best with clients who are looking to learn skills and concrete coping strategies.
(305) 842-3330 View (305) 842-3330
Photo of Raychel Feldman, LMHC, Counselor
Raychel Feldman
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
North Miami Beach, FL 33162  (Online Only)
Have you been searching for a therapist but have had trouble finding the ideal fit? I can relate! I pride myself in having a small practice so that you can have the support you need, when you need it! If you have been anxious about the future or stuck in your past, I can help you through this. My unique, custom tailored approach is what you’ve been searching for to become the best version of your current self and reach your full potential. I do this by gently guiding you while you embark on your unique path. I’m here to help you maximize your growth through patience, healing, and tailored care to meet your needs, in your own time.
Have you been searching for a therapist but have had trouble finding the ideal fit? I can relate! I pride myself in having a small practice so that you can have the support you need, when you need it! If you have been anxious about the future or stuck in your past, I can help you through this. My unique, custom tailored approach is what you’ve been searching for to become the best version of your current self and reach your full potential. I do this by gently guiding you while you embark on your unique path. I’m here to help you maximize your growth through patience, healing, and tailored care to meet your needs, in your own time.
(786) 321-0946 View (786) 321-0946
Photo of Sheera Davis, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sheera Davis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
North Miami Beach, FL 33179
*Now accepting new clients* Dealing with stress, anxiety or depression can be difficult and often times frustrating. You try to be the best version of yourself, yet you find yourself getting stuck in your thoughts. You’ve tried many different things but none seem to do the trick. Let me help you reduce your stress or anxiety, heal from the depression you are struggling with. I specialize in treating adults struggling with a variety of stressors and am passionate about assisting you to navigate life’s ups and downs, and am looking forward to supporting you along the way!
*Now accepting new clients* Dealing with stress, anxiety or depression can be difficult and often times frustrating. You try to be the best version of yourself, yet you find yourself getting stuck in your thoughts. You’ve tried many different things but none seem to do the trick. Let me help you reduce your stress or anxiety, heal from the depression you are struggling with. I specialize in treating adults struggling with a variety of stressors and am passionate about assisting you to navigate life’s ups and downs, and am looking forward to supporting you along the way!
(786) 833-6410 View (786) 833-6410
Photo of Caroline Dos Santos, MS, LMHC, Counselor
Caroline Dos Santos
Counselor, MS, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
North Miami Beach, FL 33179  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Hi, my name is Caroline! I focus on working with women, those with anxiety, and LGBTQ+ people. If you're feeling stuck or overwhelmed I liked to focus on helping you find goals and a treatment that really works to get your feeling peace again. Finding the right therapist can be difficult, I strive to make sure I can provide a comfortable, warm, and trusting environment to cultivate change.
Hi, my name is Caroline! I focus on working with women, those with anxiety, and LGBTQ+ people. If you're feeling stuck or overwhelmed I liked to focus on helping you find goals and a treatment that really works to get your feeling peace again. Finding the right therapist can be difficult, I strive to make sure I can provide a comfortable, warm, and trusting environment to cultivate change.
(305) 518-1547 View (305) 518-1547
Photo of Dr. Janis Manalang, EdD, ACS, LPC, LMHC, Counselor
Dr. Janis Manalang
Counselor, EdD, ACS, LPC, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
North Miami Beach, FL 33162  (Online Only)
During these global uncertain times, I am welcoming you to join me via Telehealth. We are all dealing with many different feelings and thoughts, the good news you are not alone. We are all dealing with queries and feeling lack of control as things continue to change to create the new normal. My goal is to meet you where you are and to gain access to unraveling what has caused the cycles of dysfunctions of life. Life experiences shape the way we have behaved, thought and perceived and received the world and people around us. Make a commitment to yourself to gain understanding and become the better version of yourself.
During these global uncertain times, I am welcoming you to join me via Telehealth. We are all dealing with many different feelings and thoughts, the good news you are not alone. We are all dealing with queries and feeling lack of control as things continue to change to create the new normal. My goal is to meet you where you are and to gain access to unraveling what has caused the cycles of dysfunctions of life. Life experiences shape the way we have behaved, thought and perceived and received the world and people around us. Make a commitment to yourself to gain understanding and become the better version of yourself.
(703) 728-7650 View (703) 728-7650
Photo of Dovid Kirzner, PsyD, Psychologist
Dovid Kirzner
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
North Miami Beach, FL 33162
Thank you for visiting my Psychology Today page. I am glad that you have found the courage in seeking a therapist, and I invite you to reach out to me to collaboratively assist you in achieving optimal emotional wellness and your life goals.
Thank you for visiting my Psychology Today page. I am glad that you have found the courage in seeking a therapist, and I invite you to reach out to me to collaboratively assist you in achieving optimal emotional wellness and your life goals.
(754) 529-5685 View (754) 529-5685
Photo of Kimberly Roberts - G.R.O.W.T.H. counseling and therapy, LLC, MA, EdM, CBHCMS, CMHC, Counselor
G.R.O.W.T.H. counseling and therapy, LLC
Counselor, MA, EdM, CBHCMS, CMHC
Verified Verified
North Miami Beach, FL 33162
Have you ever felt stuck? Like things didn't make sense? Like something needed to change? These things happen and it is not always easy to get past them. At G.R.O.W.T.H. Counseling and Therapy, we help you get through these difficult times. We will help you work through the psychological, social, physical, and emotional barriers that stunt your growth, your progress, and your inner peace. ​
Have you ever felt stuck? Like things didn't make sense? Like something needed to change? These things happen and it is not always easy to get past them. At G.R.O.W.T.H. Counseling and Therapy, we help you get through these difficult times. We will help you work through the psychological, social, physical, and emotional barriers that stunt your growth, your progress, and your inner peace. ​
(786) 648-7931 View (786) 648-7931
Photo of Christine Petit-Jean - Parakletos Therapeutic Services & Discipleship , LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Parakletos Therapeutic Services & Discipleship
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
North Miami Beach, FL 33160  (Online Only)
My name is Christine Petit-Jean, LCSW. Are you feeling stressed, overwhelmed by decisions that have to be made, in a marriage with no love, or is parenting is very difficult? I can assist you in meeting your goals in life.
My name is Christine Petit-Jean, LCSW. Are you feeling stressed, overwhelmed by decisions that have to be made, in a marriage with no love, or is parenting is very difficult? I can assist you in meeting your goals in life.
(786) 981-6101 View (786) 981-6101
Photo of Melanie Rosemberg, LMHC, MFT, Counselor
Melanie Rosemberg
Counselor, LMHC, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
North Miami Beach, FL 33179
No one understands what it’s like to feel anxious more than a person who has struggled with anxiety themselves. Sleepless nights, insecurity, inability to take deep breaths, excessive worry, strain on your relationships, the feeling that you are unable to pursue passions or move forward in life... Sometimes, just getting through the day may seem like a nearly impossible task due to the challenges anxiety brings. You may even begin to ask yourself what “normal” feels like because it’s been so long since you’ve felt anything close to that. Does this sound familiar to you?
No one understands what it’s like to feel anxious more than a person who has struggled with anxiety themselves. Sleepless nights, insecurity, inability to take deep breaths, excessive worry, strain on your relationships, the feeling that you are unable to pursue passions or move forward in life... Sometimes, just getting through the day may seem like a nearly impossible task due to the challenges anxiety brings. You may even begin to ask yourself what “normal” feels like because it’s been so long since you’ve felt anything close to that. Does this sound familiar to you?
(305) 930-6730 View (305) 930-6730
Photo of Susana E Sifran, LMHC, MA, Counselor
Susana E Sifran
Counselor, LMHC, MA
Verified Verified
North Miami Beach, FL 33162
I SUPPORT THE ETHICS AND EXCELLENCE OF MY PRACTICE BASED IN THE ABILITY TO HELP PEOPLE FROM DIFFERENT CULTURAL BACKGROUNDS. OVER 30 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE AS LICENSED PSYCHOLOGIST IN ARGENTINA AND PUERTO RICO AND ALSO LICENSED MENTAL HEALTH COUNSELOR IN FLORIDA GIVE ME THE TOOLS FOR THAT, BE FLEXIBLE AND ADAPTED TO CHANGES. AFTER INITIAL VISIT YOU WILL RECEIVE FEEDBACK AND WILL GIVEN THE CHOICE TO SEEK FURTHER TREATMENT BECAUSE YOU ARE THE ONE RESPONSIBLE FOR YOURSELF. I WILL GUIDE YOU DURING THIS JOURNEY TO REMOVE OBSTACLES THAT KEEP YOU STUCK, ANXIOUS AND UNCOMFORTABLE. I CAN OFFER YOU THE NECESSARY TOOLS.3
I SUPPORT THE ETHICS AND EXCELLENCE OF MY PRACTICE BASED IN THE ABILITY TO HELP PEOPLE FROM DIFFERENT CULTURAL BACKGROUNDS. OVER 30 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE AS LICENSED PSYCHOLOGIST IN ARGENTINA AND PUERTO RICO AND ALSO LICENSED MENTAL HEALTH COUNSELOR IN FLORIDA GIVE ME THE TOOLS FOR THAT, BE FLEXIBLE AND ADAPTED TO CHANGES. AFTER INITIAL VISIT YOU WILL RECEIVE FEEDBACK AND WILL GIVEN THE CHOICE TO SEEK FURTHER TREATMENT BECAUSE YOU ARE THE ONE RESPONSIBLE FOR YOURSELF. I WILL GUIDE YOU DURING THIS JOURNEY TO REMOVE OBSTACLES THAT KEEP YOU STUCK, ANXIOUS AND UNCOMFORTABLE. I CAN OFFER YOU THE NECESSARY TOOLS.3
(786) 245-3996 View (786) 245-3996
1

See more therapy options for North Miami Beach

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in North Miami Beach, FL

90+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in North Miami Beach, FL who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
83% Depression
76% Self Esteem
75% Relationship Issues
73% Coping Skills
70% Stress
68% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

14 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

85% Aetna
80% Cigna and Evernorth
77% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in North Miami Beach, FL see their clients

59% In Person and Online
41% Online Only

Gender breakdown

85% Female
15% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in North Miami Beach?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.