Clinical Supervision and Licensed Supervisors Therapists in Scottsdale, AZ

Photo of Sofia Softas-Nall, MS,  MA, NCC, LPC-S, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Sofia Softas-Nall
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, MA, NCC, LPC-S, LPC
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85255  (Online Only)
Sofia has 12 years of experience in the field of psychology and 7 years of experience in counseling. Sofia Softas-Nall is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) in Arizona and a Nationally Certified Counselor (NCC). She is a Board Certified Licensed Professional Counselor Supervisor (LPC-S) on the Arizona Board of Behavioral Health Examiners (AZBBHE) Registry. Sofia specializes in working with life transitions, LGBTQIA+ concerns, anxiety, depression, chronic health conditions, multicultural counseling, athletes/sports psychology, pain, trauma, and PTSD. She has experience counseling adults, teens, groups, couples, and families.
Sofia has 12 years of experience in the field of psychology and 7 years of experience in counseling. Sofia Softas-Nall is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) in Arizona and a Nationally Certified Counselor (NCC). She is a Board Certified Licensed Professional Counselor Supervisor (LPC-S) on the Arizona Board of Behavioral Health Examiners (AZBBHE) Registry. Sofia specializes in working with life transitions, LGBTQIA+ concerns, anxiety, depression, chronic health conditions, multicultural counseling, athletes/sports psychology, pain, trauma, and PTSD. She has experience counseling adults, teens, groups, couples, and families.
(480) 864-4326 View (480) 864-4326
Photo of Ashleigh Fall, MA, LPC, RPT-S, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Ashleigh Fall
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, RPT-S, NCC
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85258
Waitlist for new clients
Ashleigh is a Licensed Professional Counselor and Registered Play Therapist- Supervisor, providing individual and family therapy with people of all ages. She specializes in working with young children 2-6 years old, as well as teens and young adults. She also provides supervision to associate therapists seeking independent licensure, as well as therapists looking to earn their Registered Play Therapist credentials. Her primarily styles of therapy are Client-Centered and Adlerian approaches.
Ashleigh is a Licensed Professional Counselor and Registered Play Therapist- Supervisor, providing individual and family therapy with people of all ages. She specializes in working with young children 2-6 years old, as well as teens and young adults. She also provides supervision to associate therapists seeking independent licensure, as well as therapists looking to earn their Registered Play Therapist credentials. Her primarily styles of therapy are Client-Centered and Adlerian approaches.
(480) 212-5531 View (480) 212-5531
Photo of Kristine Sinner, MS, RD, LD/N, CEDS-S
Kristine Sinner
MS, RD, LD/N, CEDS-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85255
I hold the CEDS-S (Certified Eating Disorder Specialist and Supervisor) designation with IAEDP the International Academy of Eating Disorder Professionals.
I am a Certified Eating Disorders Dietitian Supervisor (CEDS-S) with 30+ years of exclusive eating disorder experience. I have treated thousands working at every level of care since 1995. In 2018, I opened my own outpatient practice specifically to offer alternative treatment solutions to the typical care that is available. I offer individualized "out of the box" evidence-based medical nutrition therapies and treatment plans. I carefully combine emotional, cognitive, and behavioral therapeutic strategies that best apply to each individual and coordinate your care with a team to help you get the right care not just the typical care.
I hold the CEDS-S (Certified Eating Disorder Specialist and Supervisor) designation with IAEDP the International Academy of Eating Disorder Professionals.
I am a Certified Eating Disorders Dietitian Supervisor (CEDS-S) with 30+ years of exclusive eating disorder experience. I have treated thousands working at every level of care since 1995. In 2018, I opened my own outpatient practice specifically to offer alternative treatment solutions to the typical care that is available. I offer individualized "out of the box" evidence-based medical nutrition therapies and treatment plans. I carefully combine emotional, cognitive, and behavioral therapeutic strategies that best apply to each individual and coordinate your care with a team to help you get the right care not just the typical care.
(480) 680-9979 View (480) 680-9979
Photo of Lorain Moorehead, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lorain Moorehead
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85260
Additionally, I offer clinical supervision for LPCs and LCSWs (and up to 50 hours for MFTs), as well as supervised private practice supervision for LCSWs and EMDR consultation to therapists seeking to enhance their clinical skills and expand their professional knowledge.
Do you feel like you’ve made it to a place where you expected to be happy but instead you are lashing out or suffering from anxiety or panic? Maybe you're noticing more frustration with people or certain thoughts holding you back. It’s possible this is coming from experiences that you thought you’d moved on from, and even though you have an idea why you are reacting this way you haven't been able to make a change on your own. Otherwise, maybe you had expectations for pregnancy or child birth that were not met or were even traumatic, and you want to process this experience in order to move into the next stage of life.
Additionally, I offer clinical supervision for LPCs and LCSWs (and up to 50 hours for MFTs), as well as supervised private practice supervision for LCSWs and EMDR consultation to therapists seeking to enhance their clinical skills and expand their professional knowledge.
Do you feel like you’ve made it to a place where you expected to be happy but instead you are lashing out or suffering from anxiety or panic? Maybe you're noticing more frustration with people or certain thoughts holding you back. It’s possible this is coming from experiences that you thought you’d moved on from, and even though you have an idea why you are reacting this way you haven't been able to make a change on your own. Otherwise, maybe you had expectations for pregnancy or child birth that were not met or were even traumatic, and you want to process this experience in order to move into the next stage of life.
(602) 932-0879 View (602) 932-0879
Photo of Annie Gipson, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Annie Gipson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85250
I am also a board approved supervisor for clinicians seeking licensure.
Everyone deserves a safe space and providing that is my first priority. I am a client-centered, down-to-earth clinician who leads with empathy, honesty, and humor. There is often a dog in my office (and glitter all over the floor) and my Southern accent tends to sneak in without warning. My goal is to help people live fulfilling lives of dignity and I genuinely want to see individuals and families live life to the fullest. I invite you to come just as you are and would be honored to partner with you during your healing journey!
I am also a board approved supervisor for clinicians seeking licensure.
Everyone deserves a safe space and providing that is my first priority. I am a client-centered, down-to-earth clinician who leads with empathy, honesty, and humor. There is often a dog in my office (and glitter all over the floor) and my Southern accent tends to sneak in without warning. My goal is to help people live fulfilling lives of dignity and I genuinely want to see individuals and families live life to the fullest. I invite you to come just as you are and would be honored to partner with you during your healing journey!
(480) 646-4157 View (480) 646-4157
Photo of Ami Owen, PhD, LMFT, CCTP, CCTS, Marriage & Family Therapist
Ami Owen
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT, CCTP, CCTS
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85254
Dr. Ami Owen received her undergraduate degree in Social Science/Psychology. She received her Master’s in Family Therapy with an advanced emphasis on families and trauma. Dr. Owen also received a Doctorate in Counseling and is a Clinically Certified Trauma Professional. She is Licensed in TX, ID, WA, AZ, FL, CA, UT and a nationally approved supervisor through the American Association of Marriage and Family Therapists (AAMFT). She takes delight in mentoring therapists on the complexities of family systems and consults with providers across the country to improve systems approaches.
Dr. Ami Owen received her undergraduate degree in Social Science/Psychology. She received her Master’s in Family Therapy with an advanced emphasis on families and trauma. Dr. Owen also received a Doctorate in Counseling and is a Clinically Certified Trauma Professional. She is Licensed in TX, ID, WA, AZ, FL, CA, UT and a nationally approved supervisor through the American Association of Marriage and Family Therapists (AAMFT). She takes delight in mentoring therapists on the complexities of family systems and consults with providers across the country to improve systems approaches.
(602) 691-7820 View (602) 691-7820
Photo of Tracy Bussey, EdD, MEd, LPC, LMHC, ACS, Counselor
Tracy Bussey
Counselor, EdD, MEd, LPC, LMHC, ACS
Verified Verified
9 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85054
I am also an Approved Clinical Supervisor and offer clinical supervision for established counselors and those seeking support while exploring the challenges of being a practitioner.
My approach to therapy is integrative as I tailor therapy to fit the unique needs of each individual. I also believe in a holistic therapeutic perspective-exploring the mental, physical, emotional and spiritual needs of each client and support maintaining a healthy balance in life. When indicated, I incorporate holistic nutrition and lifestyle education into my work. I offer individual, couple, and group counseling. With 25+ years of clinical expertise, I specialize in treating clients with anxiety and depression, relationship issues, life transitions, trauma recovery, nutrition and mental health, and multicultural challenges.
I am also an Approved Clinical Supervisor and offer clinical supervision for established counselors and those seeking support while exploring the challenges of being a practitioner.
My approach to therapy is integrative as I tailor therapy to fit the unique needs of each individual. I also believe in a holistic therapeutic perspective-exploring the mental, physical, emotional and spiritual needs of each client and support maintaining a healthy balance in life. When indicated, I incorporate holistic nutrition and lifestyle education into my work. I offer individual, couple, and group counseling. With 25+ years of clinical expertise, I specialize in treating clients with anxiety and depression, relationship issues, life transitions, trauma recovery, nutrition and mental health, and multicultural challenges.
(928) 224-3237 View (928) 224-3237
Photo of Kim Van Wuffen, LPC, CCTF, CCTSS
Kim Van Wuffen
LPC, CCTF, CCTSS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85250  (Online Only)
I am a Board Certified Supervisor, EMDR trained licensed professional counselor who specializes in trauma related issues. Along with being a therapist I am also a brain health coach with Dr. Amen clinics. My assessments are included in the therapeutic process. I work primarily with women's issues surrounding abuse and trauma by infidelity and partner sex addiction. I also collaborate couple's intensive sessions when needed. Healing is possible and I provide a non-judgmental, supportive therapeutic environment.
I am a Board Certified Supervisor, EMDR trained licensed professional counselor who specializes in trauma related issues. Along with being a therapist I am also a brain health coach with Dr. Amen clinics. My assessments are included in the therapeutic process. I work primarily with women's issues surrounding abuse and trauma by infidelity and partner sex addiction. I also collaborate couple's intensive sessions when needed. Healing is possible and I provide a non-judgmental, supportive therapeutic environment.
(623) 292-3302 View (623) 292-3302
Photo of Megan Smith - Run Your Life Counseling, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Run Your Life Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85254
You will be well again! Call or email today to receive the support you deserve! I am also a certified and board approved supervisor.
Immediate Openings! Run Your Life Counseling has OPEN availability! Sliding scale options available! Telehealth and in person availability. NOW Accepting New Clients! Children/Teens/Adults/Couples/Evenings available Life is a journey which can be wonderful at times, but it can also be a difficult process and adjustment. If you are struggling with feeling sad or overwhelmed, you are not alone, and I am here to help! I offer emotional and therapeutic support to those experiencing anxiety and depressive symptoms due to life transitions. My passion is helping individuals navigate their journey to and through life goals.
You will be well again! Call or email today to receive the support you deserve! I am also a certified and board approved supervisor.
Immediate Openings! Run Your Life Counseling has OPEN availability! Sliding scale options available! Telehealth and in person availability. NOW Accepting New Clients! Children/Teens/Adults/Couples/Evenings available Life is a journey which can be wonderful at times, but it can also be a difficult process and adjustment. If you are struggling with feeling sad or overwhelmed, you are not alone, and I am here to help! I offer emotional and therapeutic support to those experiencing anxiety and depressive symptoms due to life transitions. My passion is helping individuals navigate their journey to and through life goals.
(480) 613-4069 View (480) 613-4069
Photo of Erica Trocino, LPC-S, CEDS-C, Licensed Professional Counselor
Erica Trocino
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S, CEDS-C
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85250  (Online Only)
In addition to being an LPC, I am a Certified Eating Disorder Specialist & Supervisor (CEDS-S) for the International Association of Eating Disorder Professionals (IAEDP).
In Buddhist philosophy, "pain is inevitable, suffering is optional." The story of the Buddha and the two arrows explains this well – while the first arrow may cause physical or emotional pain, the second arrow is one’s reaction to it – the self-talk, the self-blame, and negative thoughts that amplify the pain. Counseling can help you put down the second arrow and transform your suffering into growth, learning and resilience.
In addition to being an LPC, I am a Certified Eating Disorder Specialist & Supervisor (CEDS-S) for the International Association of Eating Disorder Professionals (IAEDP).
In Buddhist philosophy, "pain is inevitable, suffering is optional." The story of the Buddha and the two arrows explains this well – while the first arrow may cause physical or emotional pain, the second arrow is one’s reaction to it – the self-talk, the self-blame, and negative thoughts that amplify the pain. Counseling can help you put down the second arrow and transform your suffering into growth, learning and resilience.
(602) 550-1972 View (602) 550-1972
Photo of Cynthia Barrios, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Cynthia Barrios
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85054  (Online Only)
A clinical supervisor to therapist as they work towards licensure.
Cynthia has nineteen years of experience as a Cognitive Behavioral Therapist. In addition, she is Certified in DBT and EMDR. Her areas of expertise are in: Trauma, Depression, Anxiety and Life Transitions.
A clinical supervisor to therapist as they work towards licensure.
Cynthia has nineteen years of experience as a Cognitive Behavioral Therapist. In addition, she is Certified in DBT and EMDR. Her areas of expertise are in: Trauma, Depression, Anxiety and Life Transitions.
(408) 837-7381 View (408) 837-7381
Photo of Joshua DuBoise, MS, LPC-S, Licensed Professional Counselor
Joshua DuBoise
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC-S
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85254
Welcome to a space dedicated to healing and growth. As a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) specializing in couples counseling, I am committed to offering comprehensive and inclusive counseling services to individuals from all walks of life. In my practice, I integrate evidence-based principles and techniques with Christian faith to provide holistic support. It's important to note that while I am a Christian therapist, my counseling services are available to individuals of all faiths and backgrounds. I value and respect the diversity of beliefs and perspectives of each client, creating a welcoming environment for all.
Welcome to a space dedicated to healing and growth. As a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) specializing in couples counseling, I am committed to offering comprehensive and inclusive counseling services to individuals from all walks of life. In my practice, I integrate evidence-based principles and techniques with Christian faith to provide holistic support. It's important to note that while I am a Christian therapist, my counseling services are available to individuals of all faiths and backgrounds. I value and respect the diversity of beliefs and perspectives of each client, creating a welcoming environment for all.
(480) 605-2616 View (480) 605-2616
Photo of Allison Pincus, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Allison Pincus
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85254
Feeling stuck? Like you're not in the place you should be in your life right now? I understand that feeling completely and I'm here to help. Sometimes life doesn't turn out the way we hope and we begin to feel down, hopeless, worried, or alone. I will help you recognize that it's OK to have these difficult feelings...and even normal! When we learn to acknowledge and accept our feelings we can begin to move through them and find meaning and joy in our lives again. We can put down the shame, guilt, and burden we feel and find our true purpose again. I'm here to walk along side you on your journey toward self-growth and healing.
Feeling stuck? Like you're not in the place you should be in your life right now? I understand that feeling completely and I'm here to help. Sometimes life doesn't turn out the way we hope and we begin to feel down, hopeless, worried, or alone. I will help you recognize that it's OK to have these difficult feelings...and even normal! When we learn to acknowledge and accept our feelings we can begin to move through them and find meaning and joy in our lives again. We can put down the shame, guilt, and burden we feel and find our true purpose again. I'm here to walk along side you on your journey toward self-growth and healing.
(602) 903-6966 View (602) 903-6966
Photo of Eryn E. Cloutier, MA, LISAC, Drug & Alcohol Counselor
Eryn E. Cloutier
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MA, LISAC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85254
As a warm, relational, direct and transparent therapist, I create a sense of safety and I talk! People feel comfortable sharing openly. I stay present and together we find ways to transform your past and reconnect to your authentic self. Many of our experiences distort our perception of ourselves. Together we will work to identify what adds value to your life, and learn ways to improve the way you understand yourself and your circumstances to create a sense of personal confidence and joy.
As a warm, relational, direct and transparent therapist, I create a sense of safety and I talk! People feel comfortable sharing openly. I stay present and together we find ways to transform your past and reconnect to your authentic self. Many of our experiences distort our perception of ourselves. Together we will work to identify what adds value to your life, and learn ways to improve the way you understand yourself and your circumstances to create a sense of personal confidence and joy.
(480) 405-4969 View (480) 405-4969
Photo of Minon Maier, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Minon Maier
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85260
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I provide a safe space from the initial contact so you feel comfortable to work on your goals. I want to make this process as comfortable as possible so clients can reach their goals quickly. My approach is collaborative with all clients and all presenting concerns. I believe that each client has their own unique story and I want to validate this story and healing. I work with clients ages 13 years old and up, focusing on individual and relationship issues. My email is minongmaier@gmail.com.
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I provide a safe space from the initial contact so you feel comfortable to work on your goals. I want to make this process as comfortable as possible so clients can reach their goals quickly. My approach is collaborative with all clients and all presenting concerns. I believe that each client has their own unique story and I want to validate this story and healing. I work with clients ages 13 years old and up, focusing on individual and relationship issues. My email is minongmaier@gmail.com.
(480) 351-0326 View (480) 351-0326
Photo of Karen Lee Williams, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Karen Lee Williams
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85254
Broken by addiction? Trapped by compulsions? Too many unfulfilling relationships with a noticeable common denominator? People seek my help because they want a better life and they don't know how to get there. You might have even said to yourself "I know there is something more to all of this but what is IT exactly" or "why do my thoughts and feelings keep getting in the way of my goals" or even "I don't know who I am"? So if you've stopped by PT looking for an end to the madness, then you're in the right place. Stop riding the hampster wheel. Let's talk about your new life.
Broken by addiction? Trapped by compulsions? Too many unfulfilling relationships with a noticeable common denominator? People seek my help because they want a better life and they don't know how to get there. You might have even said to yourself "I know there is something more to all of this but what is IT exactly" or "why do my thoughts and feelings keep getting in the way of my goals" or even "I don't know who I am"? So if you've stopped by PT looking for an end to the madness, then you're in the right place. Stop riding the hampster wheel. Let's talk about your new life.
(480) 680-7426 View (480) 680-7426
Photo of Teri Nelson, LPC, MEd, Licensed Professional Counselor
Teri Nelson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MEd
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85257
Hi there- I work with highly motivated individuals who have endured childhood/recent trauma or who are struggling with recurring emotional pain who want freedom, and healing, and have the desire to feel less sensitive to the thoughts, emotional pain, or images. If you are looking for a therapist who creates a safe therapeutic environment and focuses on overcoming challenges and skill-building to find healing, we may be a good fit. You may have tried a variety of things before and it can be frustrating. I want you to see some real change and feel better. You can contact me today for a free consultation.
Hi there- I work with highly motivated individuals who have endured childhood/recent trauma or who are struggling with recurring emotional pain who want freedom, and healing, and have the desire to feel less sensitive to the thoughts, emotional pain, or images. If you are looking for a therapist who creates a safe therapeutic environment and focuses on overcoming challenges and skill-building to find healing, we may be a good fit. You may have tried a variety of things before and it can be frustrating. I want you to see some real change and feel better. You can contact me today for a free consultation.
(520) 412-8509 View (520) 412-8509
Photo of Selena Soni, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Selena Soni
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85251
Feeling defeated, worthless, incapable, have low self-esteem and self-worth? Feeling unfulfilled in work and relationships? Feeling stuck in life or with looping thoughts? I specialize in helping clients overcome the loss of self, anxiety, and depression in a matter of months rather than years; increase acceptance, experience the present, and live with more purpose. I will help you focus on removing the barriers to wellness, finding relief, and a new peace of mind.
Feeling defeated, worthless, incapable, have low self-esteem and self-worth? Feeling unfulfilled in work and relationships? Feeling stuck in life or with looping thoughts? I specialize in helping clients overcome the loss of self, anxiety, and depression in a matter of months rather than years; increase acceptance, experience the present, and live with more purpose. I will help you focus on removing the barriers to wellness, finding relief, and a new peace of mind.
(480) 300-2635 View (480) 300-2635
Photo of Rachel Beth Thomas - Therapy With Heart, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Therapy With Heart
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
16 Endorsed
Scottsdale, AZ 85258
At Therapy With Heart, we have a passion for helping people grow and make changes in their life which will be clear from the minute you first make contact. Relationships matter! Family dynamics, partnership/couples and intimacy, dating, or grief and loss are all connected to relationships! It takes courage to decide to enter therapy and until you feel safe and comfortable, it is challenging to create change. Therefore, we structure the session around mindfulness, emphasizing strengths, and collaborating together on the work. We provide you with the highest quality therapy by specialty professionals.
At Therapy With Heart, we have a passion for helping people grow and make changes in their life which will be clear from the minute you first make contact. Relationships matter! Family dynamics, partnership/couples and intimacy, dating, or grief and loss are all connected to relationships! It takes courage to decide to enter therapy and until you feel safe and comfortable, it is challenging to create change. Therefore, we structure the session around mindfulness, emphasizing strengths, and collaborating together on the work. We provide you with the highest quality therapy by specialty professionals.
(480) 568-4259 View (480) 568-4259
Photo of Lorraine A Mischke, MSAC, LISAC, Drug & Alcohol Counselor
Lorraine A Mischke
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MSAC, LISAC
Verified Verified
Scottsdale, AZ 85251  (Online Only)
Licensed Substance Abuse Therapist With 8 years of experience in the field, I specialize in helping individuals, couples, and families navigate the challenges of addiction. My personal journey with overcoming addiction enriches my practice, offering a unique perspective and deep empathy for those struggling with similar issues. I am well-versed in a variety of therapeutic modalities, including: Motivational Interviewing: Helping clients find their internal motivation for change and commitment to recovery. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Addressing and modifying negative thought patterns and behaviors. Dialectical Behavior The
Licensed Substance Abuse Therapist With 8 years of experience in the field, I specialize in helping individuals, couples, and families navigate the challenges of addiction. My personal journey with overcoming addiction enriches my practice, offering a unique perspective and deep empathy for those struggling with similar issues. I am well-versed in a variety of therapeutic modalities, including: Motivational Interviewing: Helping clients find their internal motivation for change and commitment to recovery. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Addressing and modifying negative thought patterns and behaviors. Dialectical Behavior The
(480) 568-3914 View (480) 568-3914
Clinical Supervision and Licensed Supervisors Therapists
Clinical supervisors provide formal supervision, guidance and expertise for pre-qualified professionals and those seeking supervision for their everyday practices. While each membership organization has its own unique requirements, professionals offering clinical supervision help new practitioners advance their clinical knowledge, and satisfy requirements leading to full qualification.