Imago Therapists in Phoenix, AZ

Photo of Adlin Morales-Aguilu - Aguilu Healing Services, LLC, LCSW, CSAT, CCTS-A, CSOT, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Aguilu Healing Services, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CSAT, CCTS-A, CSOT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85026  (Online Only)
Adlin employs Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT), Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Therapy (EMDR), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT), Solution-Focused Therapy (SFT), IMAGO, Motivational Interviewing (MI), Strenght- Based, Person-Centered, and Trauma Focused CBT.
Se habla ESPAÑOL. Adlin is a board-certified Licensed Clinical Social Worker who works with clients facing challenges with their sex life, addictions, trauma, depression, anxiety, grief and loss, eating disorders, and body image issues. Adlin offers 16+ years of experience assisting clients to find healing and growth. She understands that life can be challenging, and sometimes support is needed to navigate through difficult times. Adlin provides a safe and confidential space where clients can explore their feelings and work towards positive change. Adlin assists with self-discovery, healing, and empowerment.
Adlin employs Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT), Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Therapy (EMDR), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT), Solution-Focused Therapy (SFT), IMAGO, Motivational Interviewing (MI), Strenght- Based, Person-Centered, and Trauma Focused CBT.
Se habla ESPAÑOL. Adlin is a board-certified Licensed Clinical Social Worker who works with clients facing challenges with their sex life, addictions, trauma, depression, anxiety, grief and loss, eating disorders, and body image issues. Adlin offers 16+ years of experience assisting clients to find healing and growth. She understands that life can be challenging, and sometimes support is needed to navigate through difficult times. Adlin provides a safe and confidential space where clients can explore their feelings and work towards positive change. Adlin assists with self-discovery, healing, and empowerment.
(480) 904-8132 View (480) 904-8132
Photo of Gina Weisman, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Gina Weisman
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85028
For couples seeking deeper connection and understanding, I introduce Imago Dialogue—a structured communication approach that fosters active listening and mutual respect.
Feeling stuck in life, repeating the same unhelpful patterns over and over despite not wanting to? Together, we'll explore new paths forward, uncovering the root causes of your challenges and finding effective ways to overcome them. I specialize in Brainspotting—a therapy approach designed to help you break free from whatever's holding you back. Along with Brainspotting, I incorporate techniques like Parts Work, EMDR, and Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction, all tailored to meet you exactly where you are on your healing journey.
For couples seeking deeper connection and understanding, I introduce Imago Dialogue—a structured communication approach that fosters active listening and mutual respect.
Feeling stuck in life, repeating the same unhelpful patterns over and over despite not wanting to? Together, we'll explore new paths forward, uncovering the root causes of your challenges and finding effective ways to overcome them. I specialize in Brainspotting—a therapy approach designed to help you break free from whatever's holding you back. Along with Brainspotting, I incorporate techniques like Parts Work, EMDR, and Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction, all tailored to meet you exactly where you are on your healing journey.
(480) 914-2584 View (480) 914-2584
Photo of Lindsay Stewart, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Lindsay Stewart
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85028
This is not a "simple thing," finding someone you can connect with to help in your journey can change your life. I know that sentence can be both terrifying and hopeful and I welcome all those parts. I show up with compassion, challenge, warmth, and honesty. Helping you show up to yourself and others is an important part of growth and connection, and we all need it. I offer a holistic approach to therapy, which takes into consideration body, mind/soul, and spirit. I am also trained in Internal Family Systems, an integrative model of realigning ourselves in wholeness.
This is not a "simple thing," finding someone you can connect with to help in your journey can change your life. I know that sentence can be both terrifying and hopeful and I welcome all those parts. I show up with compassion, challenge, warmth, and honesty. Helping you show up to yourself and others is an important part of growth and connection, and we all need it. I offer a holistic approach to therapy, which takes into consideration body, mind/soul, and spirit. I am also trained in Internal Family Systems, an integrative model of realigning ourselves in wholeness.
(623) 400-5813 View (623) 400-5813
Photo of Christy Maxey, MC
Christy Maxey
MC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85018
Tired of feeling stuck? Ready for a change? With over 20 years of experience as a therapist and now a dedicated Coach, Author and Creator of the Maxx Method, a system that will help you uncover true self-worth and move forward. My approach targets the root causes of anxiety, depression, and self-doubt, offering you the tools to manage emotions, clear limiting beliefs, and create the life you desire. Discover your power through my Intensive Coaching Programs and start your transformation today. Learn more about my methodology and book on Amazon: The Maxx Method: How to Love Yourself and Become Who You are Meant to Be.
Tired of feeling stuck? Ready for a change? With over 20 years of experience as a therapist and now a dedicated Coach, Author and Creator of the Maxx Method, a system that will help you uncover true self-worth and move forward. My approach targets the root causes of anxiety, depression, and self-doubt, offering you the tools to manage emotions, clear limiting beliefs, and create the life you desire. Discover your power through my Intensive Coaching Programs and start your transformation today. Learn more about my methodology and book on Amazon: The Maxx Method: How to Love Yourself and Become Who You are Meant to Be.
(480) 600-3003 View (480) 600-3003
Photo of Jane Monachelli, MA, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jane Monachelli
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85012
Welcome! If you are struggling with relationship stress, depression, anxiety, confusion or trauma counseling may be right for you at this time. Therapy can increase your options and help you move toward (or set) goals that reflect your needs and challenges. Most on this journey of healing need a combination of encouragement and hope balanced with accountability and collaborative direction.
Welcome! If you are struggling with relationship stress, depression, anxiety, confusion or trauma counseling may be right for you at this time. Therapy can increase your options and help you move toward (or set) goals that reflect your needs and challenges. Most on this journey of healing need a combination of encouragement and hope balanced with accountability and collaborative direction.
(602) 353-7957 View (602) 353-7957
Photo of Thomas J Lewis, DMin, LMFT, LPC, Marriage & Family Therapist
Thomas J Lewis
Marriage & Family Therapist, DMin, LMFT, LPC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85034
I am a helper. I practice marriage & family therapy, mental health counseling & relationship repair as a ministry. I will help you with what you are experiencing. I know this time is especially challenging for you. You are not alone. I will help you.
I am a helper. I practice marriage & family therapy, mental health counseling & relationship repair as a ministry. I will help you with what you are experiencing. I know this time is especially challenging for you. You are not alone. I will help you.
(623) 208-6016 View (623) 208-6016
Photo of Dennis Ryan, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Dennis Ryan
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85018
I specialize in anger management, men's issues, and ADHD. A client who is looking for a sensitive yet strategic approach to these issues will likely benefit from the work we do together. During our initial session I will, as much as possible, try to understand your situation and help you set a direction so that you get get what you need from your therapeutic experience. While my specialties are those previously mentioned I also see clients for a number of other issues: relationships, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, removing blocks to creativity, and addictions.
I specialize in anger management, men's issues, and ADHD. A client who is looking for a sensitive yet strategic approach to these issues will likely benefit from the work we do together. During our initial session I will, as much as possible, try to understand your situation and help you set a direction so that you get get what you need from your therapeutic experience. While my specialties are those previously mentioned I also see clients for a number of other issues: relationships, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, removing blocks to creativity, and addictions.
(602) 459-9779 View (602) 459-9779
Photo of Ryan Schulz, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ryan Schulz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85016  (Online Only)
I work with people using a variety of philosophies, but those encompassing humanistic and psychodynamic theories inform most of my practice. This generally means I am most interested in focusing on emotions, insight, relationships, past experiences, meta-emotion, self-worth, authenticity, fantasies, and the unconscious. I rely heavily on discussing shame, vulnerability, emotional needs, and creating meaning in life. I am fairly non-directive, and I will be most focused on helping you find your own authentic path by reflecting and exploring deeper meanings and patterns that arise in our discussions.
I work with people using a variety of philosophies, but those encompassing humanistic and psychodynamic theories inform most of my practice. This generally means I am most interested in focusing on emotions, insight, relationships, past experiences, meta-emotion, self-worth, authenticity, fantasies, and the unconscious. I rely heavily on discussing shame, vulnerability, emotional needs, and creating meaning in life. I am fairly non-directive, and I will be most focused on helping you find your own authentic path by reflecting and exploring deeper meanings and patterns that arise in our discussions.
(520) 210-5268 View (520) 210-5268
Photo of Arline Lemeshewsky, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Arline Lemeshewsky
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85003  (Online Only)
Pull up a chair and let's talk. I'm a bilingual EMDR therapist with 30 years experience treating depression, anxiety, trauma, ADHD. Rediscover your full Self! Reignite your passion for life! I delight in helping people not only survive but thrive through evidence-based practice and cutting-edge research. I work in collaboration with other health professionals to help you restore harmony, balance and wholeness.
Pull up a chair and let's talk. I'm a bilingual EMDR therapist with 30 years experience treating depression, anxiety, trauma, ADHD. Rediscover your full Self! Reignite your passion for life! I delight in helping people not only survive but thrive through evidence-based practice and cutting-edge research. I work in collaboration with other health professionals to help you restore harmony, balance and wholeness.
(602) 459-9063 View (602) 459-9063
Photo of Dr. Karen Ruskin, PsyD, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Dr. Karen Ruskin
Marriage & Family Therapist, PsyD, LMFT
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85028
YOU deserve the best! Couple crisis (infidelity, intimacy, sexual, traditional, non-traditional, LS, conflict, communication, trust, deciding-stay or go, parenting, infertility)? As an expert in relational health, I offer a safe space providing you the solution-focused help you deserve. Marriage saving? Dating? Divorced? Be your best self? Men's or Women's issues? Young adult? Stress related body ailments? Anxiety? Trauma? Grief/Loss? Medical? Stuck? Hi, I'm Dr. Karen & I truly get it! I'm a nationally renowned leader in mental & relational wellness providing individual, couple & family counseling for ANY challenge & TV contributor.
YOU deserve the best! Couple crisis (infidelity, intimacy, sexual, traditional, non-traditional, LS, conflict, communication, trust, deciding-stay or go, parenting, infertility)? As an expert in relational health, I offer a safe space providing you the solution-focused help you deserve. Marriage saving? Dating? Divorced? Be your best self? Men's or Women's issues? Young adult? Stress related body ailments? Anxiety? Trauma? Grief/Loss? Medical? Stuck? Hi, I'm Dr. Karen & I truly get it! I'm a nationally renowned leader in mental & relational wellness providing individual, couple & family counseling for ANY challenge & TV contributor.
(781) 241-7837 View (781) 241-7837
Photo of Charles Atkinson, MA, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Charles Atkinson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85028
Welcome ! I am an Arizona, Licensed Clinical Social Worker. "A therapist can only guide you on your emotional journey, only as far as they have traveled".I have been a therapist for 35 years and married for 46 years. Thus, allowing my life experiences and academic background to a deeper understanding to help heal individuals, couples, and marriages. I will help build and develop a healthy rapport with my clients on a foundation of trust, respect, tolerance, and non- judgement. Also, I bring 30 years of experiences as a Professor at Rutgers University in New Jersey.
Welcome ! I am an Arizona, Licensed Clinical Social Worker. "A therapist can only guide you on your emotional journey, only as far as they have traveled".I have been a therapist for 35 years and married for 46 years. Thus, allowing my life experiences and academic background to a deeper understanding to help heal individuals, couples, and marriages. I will help build and develop a healthy rapport with my clients on a foundation of trust, respect, tolerance, and non- judgement. Also, I bring 30 years of experiences as a Professor at Rutgers University in New Jersey.
(602) 854-9079 View (602) 854-9079
Photo of Candace M Rosen, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Candace M Rosen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85048
I believe in a holistic, mind, body, spirit, model of therapy. I am highly trained and skilled to help clients heal from Trauma, Attachment Issues, Relationship Issues, Family of Origin, Self-Esteem, and Grief and Complicated Grief issues, as well as other types of issues. I believe that therapy is based on the relationship with my client and is very important. I provide a warm, safe environment in which my client can fully heal. I can work somatically, using Peter Levine's model of Somatic Experiencing, as well as Gestalt, and other modalities. I look forward to our work together.
I believe in a holistic, mind, body, spirit, model of therapy. I am highly trained and skilled to help clients heal from Trauma, Attachment Issues, Relationship Issues, Family of Origin, Self-Esteem, and Grief and Complicated Grief issues, as well as other types of issues. I believe that therapy is based on the relationship with my client and is very important. I provide a warm, safe environment in which my client can fully heal. I can work somatically, using Peter Levine's model of Somatic Experiencing, as well as Gestalt, and other modalities. I look forward to our work together.
(602) 281-4206 View (602) 281-4206
Photo of Beverly Sue Mahaffey, MA, LPC, Counselor
Beverly Sue Mahaffey
Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85014
I have been especially helpful to people experiencing the following challenges: relationship difficulties including couple, family and work issues, grief/loss, parenting, teen and young adult issues. Each person/couple is viewed from a place of deep respect for their history, struggles and victories. My style is individualized, collaborative and designed to access the wisdom and strength within every person. Couples have felt that therapy helped them reestablish their emotional connection. My specialty is determining the core issues underneath conflict within any relationship including with self. I will serve as clinician, teacher, guide and encourager as you experience growth/healing.
I have been especially helpful to people experiencing the following challenges: relationship difficulties including couple, family and work issues, grief/loss, parenting, teen and young adult issues. Each person/couple is viewed from a place of deep respect for their history, struggles and victories. My style is individualized, collaborative and designed to access the wisdom and strength within every person. Couples have felt that therapy helped them reestablish their emotional connection. My specialty is determining the core issues underneath conflict within any relationship including with self. I will serve as clinician, teacher, guide and encourager as you experience growth/healing.
(602) 903-7147 View (602) 903-7147
Photo of Allison Duquette, MS, LPC, CCTP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Allison Duquette
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, CCTP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85012
My view on therapy is very simple, though not always easy: 'through relationships, we heal’. Many of the barriers that inhibit healthy relationships include negative self-talk, fear of judgement, and our need to maintain a sense of control, especially when we are deeply hurt or wounded. Trauma does not discriminate and it does not wait for an opportune time to present, but we can make sense of it and heal old wounds that hold us back from really connecting with those we love.
My view on therapy is very simple, though not always easy: 'through relationships, we heal’. Many of the barriers that inhibit healthy relationships include negative self-talk, fear of judgement, and our need to maintain a sense of control, especially when we are deeply hurt or wounded. Trauma does not discriminate and it does not wait for an opportune time to present, but we can make sense of it and heal old wounds that hold us back from really connecting with those we love.
(602) 362-4942 View (602) 362-4942
Photo of Sophia Serrano, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sophia Serrano
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85015  (Online Only)
I am energetically engaged with those in the healing fields. Allow me to help you develop your gifts, design new directions, and discover your target audience. Together, we may focus upon the complete integration of mind, body, and spirit. Through this integration, we will discover alternate ways to resolve blockages which may impede your goals and reconnect with your higher self. I currently offer therapeutic services for adult individuals and couples as well as those engaged with healing.
I am energetically engaged with those in the healing fields. Allow me to help you develop your gifts, design new directions, and discover your target audience. Together, we may focus upon the complete integration of mind, body, and spirit. Through this integration, we will discover alternate ways to resolve blockages which may impede your goals and reconnect with your higher self. I currently offer therapeutic services for adult individuals and couples as well as those engaged with healing.
(623) 294-0825 View (623) 294-0825
Photo of Julianne J Holroyd, PhD, LPC, Counselor
Julianne J Holroyd
Counselor, PhD, LPC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85023
I enjoy working with people who want to grow, and who realize they need to change old ways and patterns that no longer serve them, but instead bring pain. In my practice, I've worked with people in all kinds of pain, and with all kinds of problems. I've helped people struggling with relationship problems, family issues, anxiety, depression, substance use and trauma. Over the 17 years that I've been counseling, I've learned that everyone needs to tell their story, to be heard, and understood. I've learned compassion, kindness, and non-judgement are all important in the healing process.
I enjoy working with people who want to grow, and who realize they need to change old ways and patterns that no longer serve them, but instead bring pain. In my practice, I've worked with people in all kinds of pain, and with all kinds of problems. I've helped people struggling with relationship problems, family issues, anxiety, depression, substance use and trauma. Over the 17 years that I've been counseling, I've learned that everyone needs to tell their story, to be heard, and understood. I've learned compassion, kindness, and non-judgement are all important in the healing process.
(602) 932-0905 View (602) 932-0905
Photo of Kirsten Filson, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Kirsten Filson
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85012  (Online Only)
Building solid, trusting relationships is among my greatest strengths as a therapist. It is essential for me to help you work on your issues without fear of criticism and a secure sense that you feel accepted. I strive to create a safe, productive place for you to grow, learn and change. I take a comprehensive approach in my work so that we may consider your life experiences, biology and social environment - all of which influence who you are. We will work collaboratively to identify and change repetitive patterns that may be getting in your way.
Building solid, trusting relationships is among my greatest strengths as a therapist. It is essential for me to help you work on your issues without fear of criticism and a secure sense that you feel accepted. I strive to create a safe, productive place for you to grow, learn and change. I take a comprehensive approach in my work so that we may consider your life experiences, biology and social environment - all of which influence who you are. We will work collaboratively to identify and change repetitive patterns that may be getting in your way.
(424) 317-9132 View (424) 317-9132
Photo of Diane B Soteras, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Diane B Soteras
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85012
I have been assisting individuals, couples, groups and families coping with the difficulties that accompany Substance Abuse/Dependence, Dual-Diagnosis, Narcissistic Abuse Recovery and relationship difficulties for over 20 years. I have learned that what we usually find beneath these presenting behaviors can be a mix of anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, betrayal, trauma and stress. This is what creates unmanageability. Together we will design healthy coping skills and increase personal insight in order to create awareness, facilitate change and restore manageability.
I have been assisting individuals, couples, groups and families coping with the difficulties that accompany Substance Abuse/Dependence, Dual-Diagnosis, Narcissistic Abuse Recovery and relationship difficulties for over 20 years. I have learned that what we usually find beneath these presenting behaviors can be a mix of anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, betrayal, trauma and stress. This is what creates unmanageability. Together we will design healthy coping skills and increase personal insight in order to create awareness, facilitate change and restore manageability.
(224) 218-9053 View (224) 218-9053
Photo of Mahria M Thompson - Mahria Thompson, M.A. Life Coach, MA, LPCC
Mahria Thompson, M.A. Life Coach
MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85044
I will empower you to be your best self & accomplish your goals by clarifying and releasing obstacles. Our mind can create anything, but our emotions get in the way and cloud our perspective. Has unexpressed anger, fear or sadness built up inside & stolen your confidence? I can help you to express your true feelings, talk about what you really want & create a plan to accomplish that. Together, we will make it work, no matter what area of life is involved! I have healed my own emotions & physical disease & created successful businesses. Being accountable to someone raises your energy & confidence and brings you results!
I will empower you to be your best self & accomplish your goals by clarifying and releasing obstacles. Our mind can create anything, but our emotions get in the way and cloud our perspective. Has unexpressed anger, fear or sadness built up inside & stolen your confidence? I can help you to express your true feelings, talk about what you really want & create a plan to accomplish that. Together, we will make it work, no matter what area of life is involved! I have healed my own emotions & physical disease & created successful businesses. Being accountable to someone raises your energy & confidence and brings you results!
(623) 263-7115 View (623) 263-7115
Photo of Kimberly Dawn Kabar, LMFT, EMDR, KAP, Marriage & Family Therapist
Kimberly Dawn Kabar
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, EMDR, KAP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85016  (Online Only)
I specialize in gender dysphoria, anxiety and trauma. Our journey together is about healing past wounds & shedding the negative beliefs that are keeping you stuck & away from the joy that is your innate right to experience. The struggle to lesson anxiety, depression, gender dysphoria and/or the pain of past traumas has led many of my clients to self-sooth through a variety of ways including eating, smoking, drinking, gaming, & toxic relationships. Through therapy, including EMDR and ketamine-assisted psychotherapy, my clients not only get unstuck, they soar.
I specialize in gender dysphoria, anxiety and trauma. Our journey together is about healing past wounds & shedding the negative beliefs that are keeping you stuck & away from the joy that is your innate right to experience. The struggle to lesson anxiety, depression, gender dysphoria and/or the pain of past traumas has led many of my clients to self-sooth through a variety of ways including eating, smoking, drinking, gaming, & toxic relationships. Through therapy, including EMDR and ketamine-assisted psychotherapy, my clients not only get unstuck, they soar.
(323) 530-1219 View (323) 530-1219
1
Imago Therapists

How does Imago therapy work?

Imago relationship therapy is a form of couples counseling meant to help partners address conflict, communication problems, and related issues. Imago sessions typically involve couples sitting facing each other and participating in guided conversations. Therapy will also involve exercises such as re-imagining one’s partner as a wounded child; re-romanticizing a relationship through appreciation, surprises, and even gift-giving and restructuring frustrations by transforming complaints into requests. The ultimate goal is to re-envision the relationship as a source of safety and happiness.

What is the Imago method?

A core technique of Imago therapy is the Imago dialogue, in which partners learn to avoid hurtful statements and establish ways to interact based on each having equal space and power. In the dialogue, partners take turns as the “sender,” who shares their thoughts, and the “receiver.” The receiver is asked to “mirror,” or paraphrase, what their partner has said, without response or rebuttal, and then validate their statements, acknowledging understanding even if they do not personally agree with it. Finally, the receiver displays empathy by stating what they imagine the other is feeling, and showing appreciation for it.

How long does Imago therapy take?

As with most forms of talk therapy, there is no set duration or end point for Imago therapy. After becoming comfortable with a therapist and the core techniques of Imago coaching, some couples quickly make progress, but most should expect sessions to extend for months, encompassing at least 12 to 20 sessions, along with extensive “homework” from their therapist.

Does Imago therapy work?

There is limited empirical evidence to support the benefits of Imago therapy, but some smaller studies suggest that it does help couples, at least in the short-term. A 2017 study found that marital satisfaction increased significantly after couples completed 12 sessions of Imago therapy, and remained higher for some time after that, but did not always result in “complete recovery.” Other studies found greater empathy and fewer feelings of relationship burnout in couples after therapy. Some research suggests that Imago therapy can aid individuals as well as couples; people with ADHD in particular may benefit from the development of communication, self-control, and listening skills that form the basis of the technique.