Therapists in Central City, Phoenix, AZ

Photo of Caleb Mitchell, LPC, Counselor
Caleb Mitchell
Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Central City, Phoenix, AZ 85004
You may have landed on this professional profile because you are taking stock of your life and realize that the life you have is not the one you envisioned for yourself. Whether you are bored or in a lot of pain, you may be seeking growth and change, possibly a sense of aliveness. Counseling can be a safe, nurturing setting to slow down and listen to your soul and your body. As you become aware of yourself, you begin to understand how you got to where you are, why you do what you do, and what new paths are possible to you. As a trained therapist from a relational-psychodynamic perspective, I see therapy as a collaborative process.
You may have landed on this professional profile because you are taking stock of your life and realize that the life you have is not the one you envisioned for yourself. Whether you are bored or in a lot of pain, you may be seeking growth and change, possibly a sense of aliveness. Counseling can be a safe, nurturing setting to slow down and listen to your soul and your body. As you become aware of yourself, you begin to understand how you got to where you are, why you do what you do, and what new paths are possible to you. As a trained therapist from a relational-psychodynamic perspective, I see therapy as a collaborative process.
(928) 597-3870 View (928) 597-3870
Photo of Logan Denny, LAC, Counselor
Logan Denny
Counselor, LAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Central City, Phoenix, AZ 85004
Hey! I am Logan (they/them)- I am a queer, nonbinary, neurodivergent LAC/sex therapist with an education background in trauma-informed sex therapy. I am committed to creating a collaborative space where folx can seek wellness, pleasure, and liberation. I believe in supporting and empowering people in navigating the exploration of gender, sexuality, kink, non-monogamous relationships, intimate relationships, shame free sex, religious trauma and any other situations life has to offer.
Hey! I am Logan (they/them)- I am a queer, nonbinary, neurodivergent LAC/sex therapist with an education background in trauma-informed sex therapy. I am committed to creating a collaborative space where folx can seek wellness, pleasure, and liberation. I believe in supporting and empowering people in navigating the exploration of gender, sexuality, kink, non-monogamous relationships, intimate relationships, shame free sex, religious trauma and any other situations life has to offer.
(623) 210-6199 View (623) 210-6199
Photo of Paul D Gardner, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Paul D Gardner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Central City, Phoenix, AZ 85006  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Welcome! I specialize in working with Gay Men and LGBTQ+ Adults. I also specialize in anxiety, worry and panic. If you have been looking for an LGBTQ+ affirming therapist who understands the issues unique to our community, please feel free to reach out. Over the years I have had great rapport with my LGBTQ+ clients.
Welcome! I specialize in working with Gay Men and LGBTQ+ Adults. I also specialize in anxiety, worry and panic. If you have been looking for an LGBTQ+ affirming therapist who understands the issues unique to our community, please feel free to reach out. Over the years I have had great rapport with my LGBTQ+ clients.
(602) 842-2791 View (602) 842-2791
Photo of Mercedes A Shingler, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Mercedes A Shingler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Central City, Phoenix, AZ 85004
Immediate Openings! If you are here, you are likely struggling with one of the most difficult times in your life and I applaud your courage to seek help. As a trained listener, I will hold space for you with empathy. It is my passion to help people cope through those difficult moments whether it be due to trauma, relationship issues, grief and loss, or depression. Traumatic experiences can sometimes cause a desire to hide from the world in a dark hole hoping the pain will pass. I am here to bring a candle into that dark hole and join you there with kindness as we navigate the way out.
Immediate Openings! If you are here, you are likely struggling with one of the most difficult times in your life and I applaud your courage to seek help. As a trained listener, I will hold space for you with empathy. It is my passion to help people cope through those difficult moments whether it be due to trauma, relationship issues, grief and loss, or depression. Traumatic experiences can sometimes cause a desire to hide from the world in a dark hole hoping the pain will pass. I am here to bring a candle into that dark hole and join you there with kindness as we navigate the way out.
(520) 525-1383 View (520) 525-1383
Photo of Anne Malec - Symmetry Counseling, PsyD, LMFT
Symmetry Counseling
PsyD, LMFT
Verified Verified
Central City, Phoenix, AZ 85004  (Online Only)
Welcome to Symmetry Counseling. We are a group of mental health professionals located in Phoenix specializing in counseling, psychotherapy, and coaching for individuals, couples, and families. We chose the name Symmetry because the word evokes our goal to assist you in developing an ability to remain balanced and resilient under the forces of change. Our therapists provide a supportive, empathetic, and hopeful environment. Sessions revolve around pragmatic approaches to strategically address and resolve issues clients bring to therapy.
Welcome to Symmetry Counseling. We are a group of mental health professionals located in Phoenix specializing in counseling, psychotherapy, and coaching for individuals, couples, and families. We chose the name Symmetry because the word evokes our goal to assist you in developing an ability to remain balanced and resilient under the forces of change. Our therapists provide a supportive, empathetic, and hopeful environment. Sessions revolve around pragmatic approaches to strategically address and resolve issues clients bring to therapy.
(480) 660-5776 View (480) 660-5776
Photo of Leah Haggard, MA, LAC
Leah Haggard
Licensed Associate Counselor, MA, LAC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Central City, Phoenix, AZ 85007
Let's be real.. the teen and young adult years can be HARD. All of the life transitions and stress can lead to increased anxiety, depression and overwhelm. Are you feeling stuck? Struggling to find some sense of direction and purpose? Craving to create deeper relationships? Searching for these answers alone can be exhausting.. that's where I come in! I help teens and young adults to build confidence in themselves, their relationships, and their lives through understanding, healing, and skill building.
Let's be real.. the teen and young adult years can be HARD. All of the life transitions and stress can lead to increased anxiety, depression and overwhelm. Are you feeling stuck? Struggling to find some sense of direction and purpose? Craving to create deeper relationships? Searching for these answers alone can be exhausting.. that's where I come in! I help teens and young adults to build confidence in themselves, their relationships, and their lives through understanding, healing, and skill building.
(602) 536-8198 View (602) 536-8198
Photo of Courtney Denevi, BCBA, LBA, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Courtney Denevi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, BCBA, LBA, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Central City, Phoenix, AZ 85004
Empowering your mental health journey with an evidenced based approach. Are you seeking services for yourself, child, your relationship, or maybe a family member? Want to focus on increasing motivation, creativity, self esteem, confidence, or organizational skills? Then I’m your gal. With a diverse range of expertise, I specialize in Play therapy, behavioral therapy, art expression, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Solution focused therapy, Positive Psychology, and mindfulness techniques.
Empowering your mental health journey with an evidenced based approach. Are you seeking services for yourself, child, your relationship, or maybe a family member? Want to focus on increasing motivation, creativity, self esteem, confidence, or organizational skills? Then I’m your gal. With a diverse range of expertise, I specialize in Play therapy, behavioral therapy, art expression, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Solution focused therapy, Positive Psychology, and mindfulness techniques.
(602) 860-6647 View (602) 860-6647
Photo of Brittany Gutowski, LAC, LGPC, MS, NCC, Counselor
Brittany Gutowski
Counselor, LAC, LGPC, MS, NCC
Verified Verified
Central City, Phoenix, AZ 85003
Carl Jung once said, “The meeting of two personalities is like the contact of two chemical substances: if there is any reaction, both are transformed”. Never has there been a better time than now to learn how to feel more connected to yourself, others and the world around you. Therapy provides all the elements of intimacy: honest communication, vulnerability and trust. Good therapy is challenging yet warm, providing both structure and empathy for your unique experience.
Carl Jung once said, “The meeting of two personalities is like the contact of two chemical substances: if there is any reaction, both are transformed”. Never has there been a better time than now to learn how to feel more connected to yourself, others and the world around you. Therapy provides all the elements of intimacy: honest communication, vulnerability and trust. Good therapy is challenging yet warm, providing both structure and empathy for your unique experience.
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Photo of Jose L Valdiviezo, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jose L Valdiviezo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Central City, Phoenix, AZ 85001  (Online Only)
I am a bilingual clinical social worker having the honor of serving populations of the Southwest. In a world full of uncertainties, complex stressors and a never ending fast pace culture I am here to support individuals whom would like to work on improving their depression, managing their stress or working on their sobriety. Its never too late and never too early to start working on your personal self care. Available to supports individuals going through significant adjustments in life, grief and sadness. You are not alone, things can get better!
I am a bilingual clinical social worker having the honor of serving populations of the Southwest. In a world full of uncertainties, complex stressors and a never ending fast pace culture I am here to support individuals whom would like to work on improving their depression, managing their stress or working on their sobriety. Its never too late and never too early to start working on your personal self care. Available to supports individuals going through significant adjustments in life, grief and sadness. You are not alone, things can get better!
(480) 613-3866 View (480) 613-3866
Photo of Adelaide Pote, LAMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Adelaide Pote
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, LAMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Central City, Phoenix, AZ 85003
Hello, I'm Adelaide! I am a neurodivergent queer woman and I like to focus on the stories that we tell about ourselves and our relationships as well as the stories other people and institutions tell about us. Therapy with me looks like untangling the messy web of societal expectations that the world pushes on you, empowering you to be the author of your own story, and taking back control of your life and your identity in light of what makes you uniquely you. With couples, I also use emotionally focused therapy (EFT) techniques to create healing interactions between you and your partner right there in session.
Hello, I'm Adelaide! I am a neurodivergent queer woman and I like to focus on the stories that we tell about ourselves and our relationships as well as the stories other people and institutions tell about us. Therapy with me looks like untangling the messy web of societal expectations that the world pushes on you, empowering you to be the author of your own story, and taking back control of your life and your identity in light of what makes you uniquely you. With couples, I also use emotionally focused therapy (EFT) techniques to create healing interactions between you and your partner right there in session.
(602) 313-1423 View (602) 313-1423
Photo of Scott Driver, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Scott Driver
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Central City, Phoenix, AZ 85003
Do painful issues from your past keep you from having the sex life you want? I've helped many people make peace with their very worst memories, allowing them to build lives, love, and futures that had been out of reach before. Do you struggle with sexual behaviors that you can't control, or with guilt or shame about your behaviors or desires? I also have excellent experience helping clients with out-of-control or maladaptive sexual behaviors, what others often call "sex addiction".
Do painful issues from your past keep you from having the sex life you want? I've helped many people make peace with their very worst memories, allowing them to build lives, love, and futures that had been out of reach before. Do you struggle with sexual behaviors that you can't control, or with guilt or shame about your behaviors or desires? I also have excellent experience helping clients with out-of-control or maladaptive sexual behaviors, what others often call "sex addiction".
(602) 671-0380 View (602) 671-0380
Photo of Bonnie Grossman - Headway, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Headway
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Central City, Phoenix, AZ 85004  (Online Only)
Hi, my name is Bonnie and I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor. I've been working in the field of mental health for over ten years now and have worked with a variety of complex issues including trauma, anxiety, depression, mood disorders, substance use disorders, personality disorders, and family dysfunction.
Hi, my name is Bonnie and I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor. I've been working in the field of mental health for over ten years now and have worked with a variety of complex issues including trauma, anxiety, depression, mood disorders, substance use disorders, personality disorders, and family dysfunction.
(928) 236-2197 View (928) 236-2197
Photo of Hoang-My Nguyen-Slauter, MSW, LCSW, ACHP-SW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Hoang-My Nguyen-Slauter
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, ACHP-SW
Verified Verified
Central City, Phoenix, AZ 85004  (Online Only)
The pain and confusion of grief brought on by death, loss of a relationship, death of a pet, life transitions or the cascade of losses that follow a terminal diagnosis can feel insurmountable. The world continues to move forward and you're left feeling pressured figuring out how to move quickly or quietly through these feelings of guilt, sadness, anger, or resentment. Trying to figure out how to cope and who to lean on during a time of vulnerability is overwhelming. How do I process my grief? What is my new normal going to look like without this person? Will I find meaning or relief again?
The pain and confusion of grief brought on by death, loss of a relationship, death of a pet, life transitions or the cascade of losses that follow a terminal diagnosis can feel insurmountable. The world continues to move forward and you're left feeling pressured figuring out how to move quickly or quietly through these feelings of guilt, sadness, anger, or resentment. Trying to figure out how to cope and who to lean on during a time of vulnerability is overwhelming. How do I process my grief? What is my new normal going to look like without this person? Will I find meaning or relief again?
(928) 438-9178 View (928) 438-9178
Photo of Toni Ford, LPC, MAPC, C-DBT, Licensed Psychoanalyst
Toni Ford
Licensed Psychoanalyst, LPC, MAPC, C-DBT
Verified Verified
Central City, Phoenix, AZ 85003
My passion lies in assisting clients in cultivating a profound understanding of themselves by exploring their physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual dimensions. I advocate for the development of these qualities as a foundation for fostering healthy relationships, particularly when applied to marriage and parenting.
My passion lies in assisting clients in cultivating a profound understanding of themselves by exploring their physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual dimensions. I advocate for the development of these qualities as a foundation for fostering healthy relationships, particularly when applied to marriage and parenting.
(623) 400-5396 View (623) 400-5396
Photo of Amanda Anderson, MS, LPC, Counselor
Amanda Anderson
Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Central City, Phoenix, AZ 85007  (Online Only)
Has feeling "not good enough" gotten in the way of you feeling truly fulfilled in life? Having trouble in relationships and worried its due to past experiences? Maybe you are feeling overwhelmed with life stressors and "Can't handle it anymore". Lets connect! I help clients who struggle with Insecure Attachment styles, C-PTSD, PTSD, Childhood Trauma, Attachment Trauma, Relational Trauma, Dissociation and more.
Has feeling "not good enough" gotten in the way of you feeling truly fulfilled in life? Having trouble in relationships and worried its due to past experiences? Maybe you are feeling overwhelmed with life stressors and "Can't handle it anymore". Lets connect! I help clients who struggle with Insecure Attachment styles, C-PTSD, PTSD, Childhood Trauma, Attachment Trauma, Relational Trauma, Dissociation and more.
(602) 536-9385 View (602) 536-9385
Photo of David Hunter, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
David Hunter
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Central City, Phoenix, AZ 85004  (Online Only)
I am a board-certified, licensed professional counselor with 14+ years working with individuals struggling with gambling, gaming, substance abuse, trauma, anxiety, mood disorders, personality disorders, anger management, and more. I pride myself on an evidence-based approach to ensure each client is fully supported throughout their full course of care. I strongly believe in providing every client with utmost respect and dignity, prioritizing their needs and aspirations through a personalized and compassionate approach.
I am a board-certified, licensed professional counselor with 14+ years working with individuals struggling with gambling, gaming, substance abuse, trauma, anxiety, mood disorders, personality disorders, anger management, and more. I pride myself on an evidence-based approach to ensure each client is fully supported throughout their full course of care. I strongly believe in providing every client with utmost respect and dignity, prioritizing their needs and aspirations through a personalized and compassionate approach.
(928) 764-0675 View (928) 764-0675
Photo of Cassidy Pavelich, LAC, MS, Counselor
Cassidy Pavelich
Counselor, LAC, MS
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Central City, Phoenix, AZ 85007
Are you feeling overwhelmed? Maybe unsure of a good place to start seeking the peace you need? I am incredibly passionate about helping individuals overcome the challenges that life sometimes throws at us! My approach to therapy is collaborative and person-centered. I'm down-to-earth and make sure we feel comfortable together so we can take things at a safe pace. Therapy takes time and energy and I honor helping you reach your therapy goals so you can learn tools for the long-run. I love utilizing EMDR therapy for those who want to dive deeper into the therapeutic process.
Are you feeling overwhelmed? Maybe unsure of a good place to start seeking the peace you need? I am incredibly passionate about helping individuals overcome the challenges that life sometimes throws at us! My approach to therapy is collaborative and person-centered. I'm down-to-earth and make sure we feel comfortable together so we can take things at a safe pace. Therapy takes time and energy and I honor helping you reach your therapy goals so you can learn tools for the long-run. I love utilizing EMDR therapy for those who want to dive deeper into the therapeutic process.
(602) 854-9780 View (602) 854-9780
Photo of Allison Westmoore, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Allison Westmoore
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Central City, Phoenix, AZ 85003  (Online Only)
Welcome! I specialize in family/relationship dynamics, LGBTQIA+ experiences, substance abuse disorders, everyday life transitions, and varying mental health concerns such as OCD, anxiety, depression, and ADHD. Not only do I pull from my clinical training in these topics, but also from my lived experiences and how they have affected not only me, but my relationships and family. These include being queer, a parent, a transplant from the midwest, and experiencing childhood trauma. I use my clinical expertise and lived experiences to create judgment free and individualized mental health care, which is at the core of how I practice.
Welcome! I specialize in family/relationship dynamics, LGBTQIA+ experiences, substance abuse disorders, everyday life transitions, and varying mental health concerns such as OCD, anxiety, depression, and ADHD. Not only do I pull from my clinical training in these topics, but also from my lived experiences and how they have affected not only me, but my relationships and family. These include being queer, a parent, a transplant from the midwest, and experiencing childhood trauma. I use my clinical expertise and lived experiences to create judgment free and individualized mental health care, which is at the core of how I practice.
(602) 875-0658 View (602) 875-0658
Photo of Mary Hunter, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Mary Hunter
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Central City, Phoenix, AZ 85004  (Online Only)
I have over 15 years as a Licensed Professional Counselor specializing in mental health and behavioral addiction treatment. My focus is providing understanding and empathetic support to those seeking help. My goal is to empower individuals to overcome their challenges and attain real, lasting recovery through a personalized and holistic approach. I believe in extending compassion and respect to every individual, free from judgment or societal stigma. My focus is to create a secure and nurturing environment where individuals can delve into their underlying emotions, elevate self-awareness, and cultivate healthier coping strategies.
I have over 15 years as a Licensed Professional Counselor specializing in mental health and behavioral addiction treatment. My focus is providing understanding and empathetic support to those seeking help. My goal is to empower individuals to overcome their challenges and attain real, lasting recovery through a personalized and holistic approach. I believe in extending compassion and respect to every individual, free from judgment or societal stigma. My focus is to create a secure and nurturing environment where individuals can delve into their underlying emotions, elevate self-awareness, and cultivate healthier coping strategies.
(928) 427-7352 View (928) 427-7352
Photo of Beth Wagner, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Beth Wagner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Central City, Phoenix, AZ 85003
My approach to counseling builds on existing strengths and situates you, the client, as the expert on your own life. I believe that relationships with self, others, and our broader communities are foundational to wellbeing, and encourage exploration of these areas through a trauma-informed, culturally attuned lens. I take a compassionate approach to existing dynamics and coping methods and work alongside you to bring patterns and the emotions that underlie them into conscious awareness. I am affirming of all people, including multicultural, neuroexpansive, LGBTQ+, and polyamorous people and relationships.
My approach to counseling builds on existing strengths and situates you, the client, as the expert on your own life. I believe that relationships with self, others, and our broader communities are foundational to wellbeing, and encourage exploration of these areas through a trauma-informed, culturally attuned lens. I take a compassionate approach to existing dynamics and coping methods and work alongside you to bring patterns and the emotions that underlie them into conscious awareness. I am affirming of all people, including multicultural, neuroexpansive, LGBTQ+, and polyamorous people and relationships.
(480) 712-4252 View (480) 712-4252

See more therapy options for Central City, Phoenix

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Central City, Phoenix, AZ

400+

Average cost per session

$140

Therapists in Central City, Phoenix, AZ who prioritize treating:

90% Anxiety
83% Depression
76% Self Esteem
72% Relationship Issues
72% Trauma and PTSD
69% Coping Skills
69% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

83% Aetna
68% Cigna and Evernorth
68% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Central City, Phoenix, AZ see their clients

51% In Person and Online
49% Online Only

Gender breakdown

76% Female
22% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Central City, Phoenix?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.