Play Therapy in Green Valley, AZ

Photo of Jennifer Foster, MA, LAC, Counselor
Jennifer Foster
Counselor, MA, LAC
Verified Verified
Green Valley, AZ 85614
Many adults struggle with communication and relationship issues that lead to explosive emotions, including anxiety and anger. Lack of trust leads us to keep those we love at a distance. All of these issues and more are usually symptomatic of a larger problem that keep us moving from one crisis to the next. The wounds of childhood trauma are far-reaching. We create masks and walls within us, and we acquire unhealthy and maladaptive coping mechanisms, keeping us chained to our past. Our childhood experiences, whether we remember them or not, are interwoven into the fabric of our being and how we live our lives and do relationships.
Many adults struggle with communication and relationship issues that lead to explosive emotions, including anxiety and anger. Lack of trust leads us to keep those we love at a distance. All of these issues and more are usually symptomatic of a larger problem that keep us moving from one crisis to the next. The wounds of childhood trauma are far-reaching. We create masks and walls within us, and we acquire unhealthy and maladaptive coping mechanisms, keeping us chained to our past. Our childhood experiences, whether we remember them or not, are interwoven into the fabric of our being and how we live our lives and do relationships.
(520) 422-7543 View (520) 422-7543
Photo of Holly Brown-Sisson - Renewal Centers, Inc, Licensed Professional Counselor
Renewal Centers, Inc
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Green Valley, AZ 85614
Renewal Centers, Inc is a non-profit, faith-based, counseling center dedicated to bringing health and healing to our community. Renewal Centers' Providers are educated, compassionate and thoughtful, with a proven track record of helping people find solutions to life's challenges. We work with couples, families and individuals to bring about hope and healing in all situations. We currently have 3 locations (NW (Oracle and Ina) Tucson, East Broadway in Tucson, and Green Valley/Sahuarita).
Renewal Centers, Inc is a non-profit, faith-based, counseling center dedicated to bringing health and healing to our community. Renewal Centers' Providers are educated, compassionate and thoughtful, with a proven track record of helping people find solutions to life's challenges. We work with couples, families and individuals to bring about hope and healing in all situations. We currently have 3 locations (NW (Oracle and Ina) Tucson, East Broadway in Tucson, and Green Valley/Sahuarita).
(520) 394-6562 View (520) 394-6562
Photo of Jessica Ohair, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jessica Ohair
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Green Valley, AZ 85614  (Online Only)
Every individual person experience life in different way. The way we are raised, the way we are taught how to behave, and how we experience it. This is what makes every one of us unique. My focus as your therapist is to help you with depression, anxiety, low self-esteem trauma history, abuse/neglect, interpersonal effectiveness, and parenting/relationship issues.
Every individual person experience life in different way. The way we are raised, the way we are taught how to behave, and how we experience it. This is what makes every one of us unique. My focus as your therapist is to help you with depression, anxiety, low self-esteem trauma history, abuse/neglect, interpersonal effectiveness, and parenting/relationship issues.
(520) 645-3032 View (520) 645-3032

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Lori D Maestas, LAC, NCC, MA, Counselor
Lori D Maestas
Counselor, LAC, NCC, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sahuarita, AZ 85629
My purpose in providing counseling is to help individuals heal from trauma and other mental health issues and learn effective strategies to live fulfilling and meaningful lives. I believe that counseling can be instrumental in helping individuals know themselves more deeply and can facilitate changes that will positively affect his/her mental health, self-concept, and interpersonal relationships.
My purpose in providing counseling is to help individuals heal from trauma and other mental health issues and learn effective strategies to live fulfilling and meaningful lives. I believe that counseling can be instrumental in helping individuals know themselves more deeply and can facilitate changes that will positively affect his/her mental health, self-concept, and interpersonal relationships.
(520) 636-8372 View (520) 636-8372
Photo of Lisett Marquez, LCSW, CCTP, CGP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lisett Marquez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CCTP, CGP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Sahuarita, AZ 85629  (Online Only)
Trauma can happen to anyone, regardless of age, status, gender, race, etc. If you have found that you have experienced something that continues to impact your well-being, I would be honored to walk along side you in your empowering journey to healing. It is a human right to live a life infused with peace and self-love and we can accomplish your goals together. I take a trauma-informed, person-centered, compassionate approach to my work and join my clients in their healing through empowerment and provision of reparative experiences.
Trauma can happen to anyone, regardless of age, status, gender, race, etc. If you have found that you have experienced something that continues to impact your well-being, I would be honored to walk along side you in your empowering journey to healing. It is a human right to live a life infused with peace and self-love and we can accomplish your goals together. I take a trauma-informed, person-centered, compassionate approach to my work and join my clients in their healing through empowerment and provision of reparative experiences.
(602) 878-7117 View (602) 878-7117

Online Therapists

Photo of Luanna Bozzolo, PhD, Psychologist
Luanna Bozzolo
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85715
I specialize in play therapy, allowing children to express their needs through their means of communication.
Together with my patients, I help them gain insight and learn new tools aimed at improving their well-being, mood, and relationships. I believe everyone can grow and improve. In therapy, a journey of healing begins and new understandings are made to assist in the growth that is possible. I see children of all ages and work with adolescents, adults and couples. As a native Spanish speaker, I focus on cultural sensitivity. I work with English and Spanish patients.
I specialize in play therapy, allowing children to express their needs through their means of communication.
Together with my patients, I help them gain insight and learn new tools aimed at improving their well-being, mood, and relationships. I believe everyone can grow and improve. In therapy, a journey of healing begins and new understandings are made to assist in the growth that is possible. I see children of all ages and work with adolescents, adults and couples. As a native Spanish speaker, I focus on cultural sensitivity. I work with English and Spanish patients.
(520) 614-0667 View (520) 614-0667
Photo of Victoria Spencer, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Victoria Spencer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85715
I have a background in experiential, cognitive and play therapies, but I am invested in always learning more.
My ideal client is someone who has experienced trauma and is seeking a safe, supportive environment to heal. This client may be navigating the complexities of sexual health after abuse, struggling with identity, or struggling to manage healthy relationships . They are motivated to discover what they truly want out of their life and find relief from the struggles they face. They value an approach that combines their personal preferences with evidence-based interventions.
I have a background in experiential, cognitive and play therapies, but I am invested in always learning more.
My ideal client is someone who has experienced trauma and is seeking a safe, supportive environment to heal. This client may be navigating the complexities of sexual health after abuse, struggling with identity, or struggling to manage healthy relationships . They are motivated to discover what they truly want out of their life and find relief from the struggles they face. They value an approach that combines their personal preferences with evidence-based interventions.
(520) 380-4295 View (520) 380-4295
Photo of Kerri Dominguez, LAC, CCTS-I, Counselor
Kerri Dominguez
Counselor, LAC, CCTS-I
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85715
Mindfulness, self regulation, understanding the brain/body connection, and play are all used in my practice to achieve healing.
I love riding along in the journey with clients as they fulfill their wish of becoming the person that they desire to be. I believe we are adapted to our experiences and that we can identify and utilize the strengths that have been developed in us because of those experiences. Whether the need is to manage anxiety, depression, life transitions, relational conflict, or to heal from trauma; my clients find in themselves their resiliency and the tools they need to continue to forge their path to achieving their ideal self.
Mindfulness, self regulation, understanding the brain/body connection, and play are all used in my practice to achieve healing.
I love riding along in the journey with clients as they fulfill their wish of becoming the person that they desire to be. I believe we are adapted to our experiences and that we can identify and utilize the strengths that have been developed in us because of those experiences. Whether the need is to manage anxiety, depression, life transitions, relational conflict, or to heal from trauma; my clients find in themselves their resiliency and the tools they need to continue to forge their path to achieving their ideal self.
(520) 858-0446 View (520) 858-0446
Photo of Virginia Pope, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Virginia Pope
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85718  (Online Only)
Hey there! Many of us can benefit from having a therapist help navigate our everyday challenges. Whatever your reason for seeking therapy, I am grateful you are reading my profile and considering me. I work heavily with emotions and focus on understanding the “why” behind our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. So, if you find yourself trying to understand those on a deeper level, I believe we would be a great fit! I received my Masters in Marriage and Family Therapy from Northcentral University. I also have my Graduate Certificate in Play Therapy from Capella University.
Hey there! Many of us can benefit from having a therapist help navigate our everyday challenges. Whatever your reason for seeking therapy, I am grateful you are reading my profile and considering me. I work heavily with emotions and focus on understanding the “why” behind our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. So, if you find yourself trying to understand those on a deeper level, I believe we would be a great fit! I received my Masters in Marriage and Family Therapy from Northcentral University. I also have my Graduate Certificate in Play Therapy from Capella University.
(520) 341-6293 View (520) 341-6293
Fountain of Hope Counseling
Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Huachuca City, AZ 85616
We use a multi-modal approach to providing mental health counseling and psychotherapy uniquely to fit your needs. Models may include a person-centered approach, faith-based counseling, existentialism, Trauma Focused CBT, Gestalt’s empty chair technique, motivational interviewing and psychoeducation. We provide counseling services for children using various parallel play therapy techniques. We address the specific needs of adolescents through the use of mindfulness games.
We use a multi-modal approach to providing mental health counseling and psychotherapy uniquely to fit your needs. Models may include a person-centered approach, faith-based counseling, existentialism, Trauma Focused CBT, Gestalt’s empty chair technique, motivational interviewing and psychoeducation. We provide counseling services for children using various parallel play therapy techniques. We address the specific needs of adolescents through the use of mindfulness games.
(520) 412-2675 View (520) 412-2675
Photo of Camilla Bhagwan, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Camilla Bhagwan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85716
For 15 years, I have provided therapy to children, adults and families of varied backgrounds and experiences. I often work on addressing parent-child relationships, life transitions, emotional regulation, depression/anxiety and trauma where there has been abuse, violence and early childhood trauma. Play is the language of children and is an important part of working with kids and families. I value treatments that include cognitive-based skills and believe reflecting on the underlying meaning of behaviors which can help manage our responses. Whether utilizing play, art or talk, therapy can help us gain greater insight and growth.
For 15 years, I have provided therapy to children, adults and families of varied backgrounds and experiences. I often work on addressing parent-child relationships, life transitions, emotional regulation, depression/anxiety and trauma where there has been abuse, violence and early childhood trauma. Play is the language of children and is an important part of working with kids and families. I value treatments that include cognitive-based skills and believe reflecting on the underlying meaning of behaviors which can help manage our responses. Whether utilizing play, art or talk, therapy can help us gain greater insight and growth.
(520) 655-8609 View (520) 655-8609
Photo of George Kelly, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
George Kelly
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85711
I utilize cognitive behavioral therapy, solution focus therapy, and play therapy techniques.
As a former professional athlete, I know what it takes to overcome adversity. I incorporate my experience in sports and counseling to help work towards your goals. Together, we set goals for improved mental well-being, healthier relationships, increased self-confidence, and better coping skills. I'm passionate about instilling personal growth, healing from traumas, enhancing self-awareness, and finding life satisfaction. Whether seeking clarity, relief, resilience, communication improvement, or healthier behaviors, I'm committed to helping clients reach their fullest potential and promoting well-being.
I utilize cognitive behavioral therapy, solution focus therapy, and play therapy techniques.
As a former professional athlete, I know what it takes to overcome adversity. I incorporate my experience in sports and counseling to help work towards your goals. Together, we set goals for improved mental well-being, healthier relationships, increased self-confidence, and better coping skills. I'm passionate about instilling personal growth, healing from traumas, enhancing self-awareness, and finding life satisfaction. Whether seeking clarity, relief, resilience, communication improvement, or healthier behaviors, I'm committed to helping clients reach their fullest potential and promoting well-being.
(520) 263-9019 View (520) 263-9019
Photo of Gretchen Harris, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Gretchen Harris
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85718
My approach is person centered, open and trauma informed, and I use a variety of techniques including EMDR, IFS/parts work, attachment work and play therapy.
Hope is an important starting place for therapy. Hope that life can feel different, that relationships can improve and that joy, contentment and peace are possible. I invite you to collaborate with me on getting to know more about your patterns, thoughts and feelings. People often reach out for therapy due to feeling stuck or overwhelmed. We can work together to identify goals and create a plan to help find relief. I work with a wide range of ages, including children and adults.
My approach is person centered, open and trauma informed, and I use a variety of techniques including EMDR, IFS/parts work, attachment work and play therapy.
Hope is an important starting place for therapy. Hope that life can feel different, that relationships can improve and that joy, contentment and peace are possible. I invite you to collaborate with me on getting to know more about your patterns, thoughts and feelings. People often reach out for therapy due to feeling stuck or overwhelmed. We can work together to identify goals and create a plan to help find relief. I work with a wide range of ages, including children and adults.
(520) 397-3477 View (520) 397-3477
Photo of Lisa Gollenberg, LPC, RPT™, Licensed Professional Counselor
Lisa Gollenberg
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, RPT™
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85719
Waitlist for new clients
As a play therapist, I use sandtray, movement, toys, and any other number of creative tools to help kids process, communicate, and learn.
Hi there! My passion is helping children grow and flourish, whether that means helping them cope with big emotions, feel more connected in their families and social communities, heal from trauma, build confidence and self-esteem, or learn some practical skills for daily life. I believe in the power of relationship and helping a child feel seen, understood, and affirmed in the face of whatever life difficulties they are working through. My approach is playful, strengths-based, compassionate, creative, flexible, and affirming of diversity of all kinds.
As a play therapist, I use sandtray, movement, toys, and any other number of creative tools to help kids process, communicate, and learn.
Hi there! My passion is helping children grow and flourish, whether that means helping them cope with big emotions, feel more connected in their families and social communities, heal from trauma, build confidence and self-esteem, or learn some practical skills for daily life. I believe in the power of relationship and helping a child feel seen, understood, and affirmed in the face of whatever life difficulties they are working through. My approach is playful, strengths-based, compassionate, creative, flexible, and affirming of diversity of all kinds.
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Photo of Marissa Bell, Pre-Licensed Professional
Marissa Bell
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85712
Waitlist for new clients
My treatment modalities are cognitive behavioral therapy, solution-focused therapy, play/sandtray therapy, motivational interviewing, and Christian/biblical counseling.
Welcome! I’m Marissa and I have a genuine passion and dedication for supporting individuals on their unique paths to well-being. I am experienced and find passion working with children, adolescents, teens, and young adults on a wide variety of issues including anxiety disorders, depression and mood disorders, obsessive compulsive disorders, stress/anger management, navigating major life transitions/adjustment disorders, PTSD, childhood behavioral issues, racial and religious trauma, relationship conflict, self-esteem, and grief and loss.
My treatment modalities are cognitive behavioral therapy, solution-focused therapy, play/sandtray therapy, motivational interviewing, and Christian/biblical counseling.
Welcome! I’m Marissa and I have a genuine passion and dedication for supporting individuals on their unique paths to well-being. I am experienced and find passion working with children, adolescents, teens, and young adults on a wide variety of issues including anxiety disorders, depression and mood disorders, obsessive compulsive disorders, stress/anger management, navigating major life transitions/adjustment disorders, PTSD, childhood behavioral issues, racial and religious trauma, relationship conflict, self-esteem, and grief and loss.
(520) 412-5668 View (520) 412-5668
Photo of Alex Baxter, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Alex Baxter
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85704
My primary modalities include Play Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and a person centered approach that aims to build a strong and trustworthy therapeutic relationship, the cornerstone to change.
Welcome! I am a Licensed Professional Counselor who specializes in working with children, adolescents, and young adults. My passion is working with children (ages 2+), teens, and young adults in an effort to connect them with internal happiness, capability, courage, and resiliency as they navigate the different stages of life. I strive to provide a nurturing, welcoming, and safe atmosphere that allows my clients to explore their emotional experience, learn effective skills, and make changes that push them toward healing and wellness. I aim to meet them, where they are, in any given moment.
My primary modalities include Play Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and a person centered approach that aims to build a strong and trustworthy therapeutic relationship, the cornerstone to change.
Welcome! I am a Licensed Professional Counselor who specializes in working with children, adolescents, and young adults. My passion is working with children (ages 2+), teens, and young adults in an effort to connect them with internal happiness, capability, courage, and resiliency as they navigate the different stages of life. I strive to provide a nurturing, welcoming, and safe atmosphere that allows my clients to explore their emotional experience, learn effective skills, and make changes that push them toward healing and wellness. I aim to meet them, where they are, in any given moment.
(520) 389-5283 View (520) 389-5283
Photo of Robin Memel Fox, MA, BC-DMT, LPC, Counselor
Robin Memel Fox
Counselor, MA, BC-DMT, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85715
Waitlist for new clients
I utilize relational, psychodynamic, body-centered/somatic psychotherapy, neuro-psychotherapy, EMDR, mindfulness, play therapy, dance/movement therapy & expressive arts.
I believe that clients are co-creators in the process. Healing and growth occurs when we are willing to share openly and work towards developing an authentic, therapeutic relationship. I have extensive experience with survivors of all types of trauma, relationship issues, domestic abuse, mood disorders, infertility issues, eating disorders, substance use, women's/men's issues & lifestyle changes. The therapeutic process will focus on helping you to re-discover & develop strengths, resiliency and coping skills. Join me as I create a safe space for you to dive into exploring the source of your current struggles and innate wisdom.
I utilize relational, psychodynamic, body-centered/somatic psychotherapy, neuro-psychotherapy, EMDR, mindfulness, play therapy, dance/movement therapy & expressive arts.
I believe that clients are co-creators in the process. Healing and growth occurs when we are willing to share openly and work towards developing an authentic, therapeutic relationship. I have extensive experience with survivors of all types of trauma, relationship issues, domestic abuse, mood disorders, infertility issues, eating disorders, substance use, women's/men's issues & lifestyle changes. The therapeutic process will focus on helping you to re-discover & develop strengths, resiliency and coping skills. Join me as I create a safe space for you to dive into exploring the source of your current struggles and innate wisdom.
(520) 332-6144 View (520) 332-6144
Photo of Dana Howard, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Dana Howard
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Casa Grande, AZ 85122  (Online Only)
Experienced Licensed Clinical Social Worker with a demonstrated history of working in the individual and family services industry. Strong community and social services professionally skilled as a Registered Play Therapist in populations of Adolescent/Child, family, marriage, adult individual. Current modalities used are Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), TFCBT, DBT, Motivational Interviewing, and Eagala Equine therapy.
Experienced Licensed Clinical Social Worker with a demonstrated history of working in the individual and family services industry. Strong community and social services professionally skilled as a Registered Play Therapist in populations of Adolescent/Child, family, marriage, adult individual. Current modalities used are Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), TFCBT, DBT, Motivational Interviewing, and Eagala Equine therapy.
(520) 523-5420 View (520) 523-5420
Photo of Trina N Simms, MS, Counselor
Trina N Simms
Counselor, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oro Valley, AZ 85704
Couples counseling, Family counseling, Play-based therapy with children.
We often encounter situations we cannot manage alone. Navigating our life's journey without a guide may cause us to hit a wall, creating a negative image of ourselves that may impact our abilities to live happy, healthy lives. I utilize a therapeutic style that includes conflict resolution, solution-focused, cognitive-behavioral and faith-based strategies, aimed at improving mental health and the quality of your life’s experiences. I look forward to the opportunity to walk with you as your guide and partner on your journey towards wellness. The small steps you take today can lead to big changes.
Couples counseling, Family counseling, Play-based therapy with children.
We often encounter situations we cannot manage alone. Navigating our life's journey without a guide may cause us to hit a wall, creating a negative image of ourselves that may impact our abilities to live happy, healthy lives. I utilize a therapeutic style that includes conflict resolution, solution-focused, cognitive-behavioral and faith-based strategies, aimed at improving mental health and the quality of your life’s experiences. I look forward to the opportunity to walk with you as your guide and partner on your journey towards wellness. The small steps you take today can lead to big changes.
(520) 462-6157 View (520) 462-6157
Photo of Sherrill Koogler, LCSW, RPT-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sherrill Koogler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, RPT-S
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85704
Are you frustrated with your child’s behavior? Are you receiving phone calls from your child’s school? Is your child having difficulty regulating emotions and following directions? Both parents and children become frustrated and their relationship suffers. I use the language of play to connect with children and help them learn to express their needs in a safe manner. I specialize in working with children who have difficulty managing emotions and behavior at home and at school.
Are you frustrated with your child’s behavior? Are you receiving phone calls from your child’s school? Is your child having difficulty regulating emotions and following directions? Both parents and children become frustrated and their relationship suffers. I use the language of play to connect with children and help them learn to express their needs in a safe manner. I specialize in working with children who have difficulty managing emotions and behavior at home and at school.
(520) 462-8867 View (520) 462-8867

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Nearby Play Therapy Searches for Green Valley

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Play Therapy

Who is play therapy for?

Play therapy is generally targeted to children between the ages of 3 and 11 who have social, emotional, or behavioral difficulties. Play therapy has also been found helpful for children who have experienced physical or emotional abuse or witnessed atrocities. Play therapy is also often recommended for children who are undergoing major medical procedures or who are suffering from chronic illness; many children’s hospitals are equipped to offer play therapy on-site. Play therapy is also sometimes used for adults; creative writing, music, and art are expressive forms that can all be adapted for therapeutic purposes.

Why do people need play therapy?

Children often do not have the language skills or words to know or to express what is troubling them. Yet they often spontaneously draw or use playthings to depict scenarios that reflect problems in their everyday life. Play therapy provides children with an array of objects and play situations to act out their feelings or experiences so that therapists can get a clear picture of what children might be struggling with and help them find solutions. In addition, play therapists are skilled at helping children understand their inner experience and find words for them, necessary steps toward helping children learn to control their own behavior and come up with solutions to problems they encounter.

What happens in play therapy?

A child enters a comfortable playroom where they are free to choose the objects they want to play with. The play therapist will typically observe how they play with the toys—whether a sandbox, puppets, dolls and action figures, trucks, costumes, drawing and painting materials, or more—because such play provides clues to a child’s family and social relationships, difficulties they are encountering in the world, and what going on inside themselves. Sometimes the therapist may ask the child to use the play objects to tell a story about their family. Using the same instruments of play, therapists can help children discover more advantageous ways of thinking and behaving.

What kinds of problems do play therapists treat?

Play therapy can help children who display destructive or self-destructive impulses; children who seem angry, sad, or fearful; children who experience frequent social, emotional, family, or school difficulty. Play therapy is often of value to children who have experienced a loss or distressing family experience, who are regularly exposed to family conflict, or who have been physically or emotionally abused. Play therapy can help children who are perpetrators of bullying as well as those who are targets of bullying. It helps children learn to identify their feelings, to express them in constructive ways, and to regulate them so they can get on with the business of development.

How long does play therapy last?

Play therapy sessions may last for 30 to 45 minutes, and they usually occur weekly for about 20 sessions. Each session is tailored to the individual child and the kinds of problems they are struggling with. Play that is highly repetitive often indicates a problem requiring further exploration. Therapists typically measure progress through session-to-session changes in play behavior.