Therapists in Virginia Beach, VA

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Photo of Janiya Phillips - Therapy for Black Women - Stillness Counseling Ctr, MS, LPC-S, Licensed Professional Counselor
Therapy for Black Women - Stillness Counseling Ctr
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Virginia Beach, VA 23462  (Online Only)
Are you struggling to want to wake up each day? Do you feel like a secondary character in your own life? Has trauma buried your ability to enjoy daily life and build meaningful relationships? Black women, you matter. I am dedicated to helping you achieve peace and emotional freedom from life's trials- past, present and future. You deserve to love yourself. You deserve to take up space. Your voice matters. Your experiences matter. Your life matters. I believe that mental wellness equates to treating the whole person, unique to her cultural and personal experience. I will empower you with the tools for sustained emotional well-being.
Are you struggling to want to wake up each day? Do you feel like a secondary character in your own life? Has trauma buried your ability to enjoy daily life and build meaningful relationships? Black women, you matter. I am dedicated to helping you achieve peace and emotional freedom from life's trials- past, present and future. You deserve to love yourself. You deserve to take up space. Your voice matters. Your experiences matter. Your life matters. I believe that mental wellness equates to treating the whole person, unique to her cultural and personal experience. I will empower you with the tools for sustained emotional well-being.
(757) 802-4619 View (757) 802-4619
Photo of Chad Hatchel, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Chad Hatchel
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Virginia Beach, VA 23454  (Online Only)
Charles "Chad" Hatchel is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with over 7 years of experience in the mental health field. Chad specializes in working with clients who are experiencing depression and anxiety. He also works with couples who are having problems communicating with one another. His professional experience includes group and individual therapy, working with individuals ranging from ages 4 and up. Chad completed his Bachelor of Science (BS) at Virginia Tech and his Master of Arts (MA) in Professional Counseling at Liberty University.
Charles "Chad" Hatchel is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with over 7 years of experience in the mental health field. Chad specializes in working with clients who are experiencing depression and anxiety. He also works with couples who are having problems communicating with one another. His professional experience includes group and individual therapy, working with individuals ranging from ages 4 and up. Chad completed his Bachelor of Science (BS) at Virginia Tech and his Master of Arts (MA) in Professional Counseling at Liberty University.
(434) 277-4915 View (434) 277-4915
Photo of Wash Carthon, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Wash Carthon
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Virginia Beach, VA 23464
I provide Pastoral Christian Counseling and Life Coaching in the Hampton Roads area. As a Pastoral Counselor and Coach my professional philosophy is that I am committed to the same professional standards and code of ethics that are essential in clinical counseling. The goal of pastoral counseling is to help individuals think biblically about their current struggles in the context of a confidential, and in a caring environment. Life coaching is a developmental process whereby I will meet with individuals on a regular basis to clarify goals, deal with potential stumbling blocks and improve their performance.
I provide Pastoral Christian Counseling and Life Coaching in the Hampton Roads area. As a Pastoral Counselor and Coach my professional philosophy is that I am committed to the same professional standards and code of ethics that are essential in clinical counseling. The goal of pastoral counseling is to help individuals think biblically about their current struggles in the context of a confidential, and in a caring environment. Life coaching is a developmental process whereby I will meet with individuals on a regular basis to clarify goals, deal with potential stumbling blocks and improve their performance.
(757) 551-6746 View (757) 551-6746
Photo of Maureen Ann Kelleher, ATR, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Maureen Ann Kelleher
Licensed Professional Counselor, ATR, LPC
Verified Verified
Virginia Beach, VA 23455
Although I don't yet know your story, I am confident you possess the unique strengths to achieve your goals: Healing is a remembering of those strengths. Experiencing loss and challenge in our lives is universal, yet these circumstances can leave us feeling disconnected, damaged, or discarded. You deserve to live a life you love, actively engaged as your most authentic, integrated self. You are worthy of the support you seek.
Although I don't yet know your story, I am confident you possess the unique strengths to achieve your goals: Healing is a remembering of those strengths. Experiencing loss and challenge in our lives is universal, yet these circumstances can leave us feeling disconnected, damaged, or discarded. You deserve to live a life you love, actively engaged as your most authentic, integrated self. You are worthy of the support you seek.
(757) 300-1490 View (757) 300-1490
Photo of Beverly Morgan-Fullilove, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Beverly Morgan-Fullilove
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Virginia Beach, VA 23462
Hello, I'm Beverly Morgan-Fullilove, a seasoned licensed clinical social worker with more than four decades of dedicated practice. My focus is on aiding individuals who find themselves frequently overwhelmed, equipping them with distress tolerance techniques and stress management skills. Together, we'll collaboratively devise strategies tailored to help you navigate your emotional landscape effectively. Adopting a holistic approach, we'll address the interconnected needs of your mind, body, and spirit.
Hello, I'm Beverly Morgan-Fullilove, a seasoned licensed clinical social worker with more than four decades of dedicated practice. My focus is on aiding individuals who find themselves frequently overwhelmed, equipping them with distress tolerance techniques and stress management skills. Together, we'll collaboratively devise strategies tailored to help you navigate your emotional landscape effectively. Adopting a holistic approach, we'll address the interconnected needs of your mind, body, and spirit.
(757) 330-4560 View (757) 330-4560
Photo of Carter Wesley Bain, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Carter Wesley Bain
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Virginia Beach, VA 23454
Hello My name is Carter Bain and I am a therapist here at Waves Psychotherapy Services. I specialize in trauma therapy using modalities of EMDR therapy and Internal Family Systems therapy. Through the trials and tribulations of life, we tend to feel stuck and therapy is a wonderful way to learn, process, and eventually take back control of your life. I use a positive regard approach incorporating different therapeutic techniques to help you get unstuck. I specialize in ADHD, PTSD, Bipolar, Depression, Anxiety, and Personality Disorders. I also specialize in addiction including eating, substance related and gambling.
Hello My name is Carter Bain and I am a therapist here at Waves Psychotherapy Services. I specialize in trauma therapy using modalities of EMDR therapy and Internal Family Systems therapy. Through the trials and tribulations of life, we tend to feel stuck and therapy is a wonderful way to learn, process, and eventually take back control of your life. I use a positive regard approach incorporating different therapeutic techniques to help you get unstuck. I specialize in ADHD, PTSD, Bipolar, Depression, Anxiety, and Personality Disorders. I also specialize in addiction including eating, substance related and gambling.
(757) 654-2225 View (757) 654-2225
Photo of Angela Wonnita Bost Scott
Angela Wonnita Bost Scott
Supervisee in Clinical Social Work
Verified Verified
Virginia Beach, VA 23452
Welcome, and kudos on summoning the courage to embark on this initial step. If you're here, it's likely because you're experiencing pain and exhaustion from dealing with it. You've become adept at masking your struggles, but deep down, you recognize the challenges you're facing. It's perfectly alright if you're uncertain about how things will improve. By reaching out for assistance, you've already taken a significant stride towards healing. Let's commence this journey together.
Welcome, and kudos on summoning the courage to embark on this initial step. If you're here, it's likely because you're experiencing pain and exhaustion from dealing with it. You've become adept at masking your struggles, but deep down, you recognize the challenges you're facing. It's perfectly alright if you're uncertain about how things will improve. By reaching out for assistance, you've already taken a significant stride towards healing. Let's commence this journey together.
(757) 799-1347 x1 View (757) 799-1347 x1
Photo of Nick Nichols, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Nick Nichols
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Virginia Beach, VA 23455
Nick's approach to therapy, coaching, and mentoring offers long-term support rather than just brief treatment for specific, isolated situations. This comprehensive method allows for continued development and growth.Nick offers parent sessions, adolescent sessions and individual sessions for adults.
Nick's approach to therapy, coaching, and mentoring offers long-term support rather than just brief treatment for specific, isolated situations. This comprehensive method allows for continued development and growth.Nick offers parent sessions, adolescent sessions and individual sessions for adults.
(757) 210-7076 View (757) 210-7076
Photo of Anthony Otis, MSW, LCSW-S, Pre-Licensed Professional
Anthony Otis
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW, LCSW-S
Verified Verified
Virginia Beach, VA 23464
As therapist, It's important to remember each person is unique and the issues, needs, and goals of therapy will vary from individual to individual. I’m here to help with all issues to include anxiety, addiction, stress, depression, mood disorders, trauma, PTSD, work-related stress, burnout and life transitions such as moving, divorce, career changes, grief and loss. The goals of therapy will depend on the your specific needs and issues, but some common goals include improving communication and relationships, reducing stress and anxiety, symptom management, depression regulation, addiction recovery and healthy mental health balance.
As therapist, It's important to remember each person is unique and the issues, needs, and goals of therapy will vary from individual to individual. I’m here to help with all issues to include anxiety, addiction, stress, depression, mood disorders, trauma, PTSD, work-related stress, burnout and life transitions such as moving, divorce, career changes, grief and loss. The goals of therapy will depend on the your specific needs and issues, but some common goals include improving communication and relationships, reducing stress and anxiety, symptom management, depression regulation, addiction recovery and healthy mental health balance.
(757) 792-8392 View (757) 792-8392
Photo of Patricia Benjamin, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Patricia Benjamin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Virginia Beach, VA 23456  (Online Only)
Tired of feeling ashamed, rejected or abused? I have worked with people experiencing anxiety, depression, anger, PTSD, trauma, victims of abuse, micro aggressions, systemic harm, relationship issues, multigenerational trauma and life transitions which have impacted your well being. Maybe you had to do what you had to do to get through & that's okay. I have worked with many populations such as First Responders, Military (& spouses), LGBT and those who have struggled with eating issues.
Tired of feeling ashamed, rejected or abused? I have worked with people experiencing anxiety, depression, anger, PTSD, trauma, victims of abuse, micro aggressions, systemic harm, relationship issues, multigenerational trauma and life transitions which have impacted your well being. Maybe you had to do what you had to do to get through & that's okay. I have worked with many populations such as First Responders, Military (& spouses), LGBT and those who have struggled with eating issues.
(757) 208-1465 View (757) 208-1465
Photo of Laura Porter - Leland Hayes Consulting, LLC, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Leland Hayes Consulting, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Virginia Beach, VA 23464  (Online Only)
Laura has had a career of serving the community in a variety of settings. She has experience in supporting and counseling families experiencing crisis and trauma as a professional firefighter, trauma medical social worker, and as a licensed clinician focusing on trauma.
Laura has had a career of serving the community in a variety of settings. She has experience in supporting and counseling families experiencing crisis and trauma as a professional firefighter, trauma medical social worker, and as a licensed clinician focusing on trauma.
(757) 267-6604 View (757) 267-6604
Photo of Ariel Phelps
Ariel Phelps
Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Virginia Beach, VA 23462  (Online Only)
My ideal client is an individual who is actively seeking to improve their mental health and overall well-being. They are motivated to develop healthier coping mechanisms, enhance their self-awareness, and find fulfillment in various aspects of their life. This client is open to being challenged and is committed to completing assigned homework or exercises to facilitate their personal growth and progress. Their ultimate goal is to cultivate and maintain healthier relationships, both with themselves and with others, and to achieve a greater sense of balance and happiness in their life.
My ideal client is an individual who is actively seeking to improve their mental health and overall well-being. They are motivated to develop healthier coping mechanisms, enhance their self-awareness, and find fulfillment in various aspects of their life. This client is open to being challenged and is committed to completing assigned homework or exercises to facilitate their personal growth and progress. Their ultimate goal is to cultivate and maintain healthier relationships, both with themselves and with others, and to achieve a greater sense of balance and happiness in their life.
(757) 863-3828 View (757) 863-3828
Photo of Laura K Hitchcock, LPC-S, NBCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Laura K Hitchcock
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S, NBCC
Verified Verified
Virginia Beach, VA 23462
Not accepting new clients
I am an LPC, NBCC & Board Approved Clinical Supervisor with the state of Virginia. I specialize in Gottman Method couples counseling and clinical supervision. I have extensive experience working with military issues, divorce/separation/coparenting issues, anxiety/depression, gender/sexuality issues. I have facilitated mindfulness practices extensively and offer introductions to meditation sessions. Begin your journey towards mental health, happiness, and well-being. Share your concerns, fears, personal/professional needs in a warm comforting environment with a caring individual focused on you.
I am an LPC, NBCC & Board Approved Clinical Supervisor with the state of Virginia. I specialize in Gottman Method couples counseling and clinical supervision. I have extensive experience working with military issues, divorce/separation/coparenting issues, anxiety/depression, gender/sexuality issues. I have facilitated mindfulness practices extensively and offer introductions to meditation sessions. Begin your journey towards mental health, happiness, and well-being. Share your concerns, fears, personal/professional needs in a warm comforting environment with a caring individual focused on you.
(757) 904-1002 View (757) 904-1002
Photo of Karla Drake, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Karla Drake
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Virginia Beach, VA 23462
The people I work with have had a variety of negative life experiences with ONE thing in common. It still bothers them days, months or even years since it happened. I help people who feel like "I should be over this by now" and are tired of feeling overwhelmed by the images, feelings and sensations that come up unexpectedly day or night. The people I work with often say "I just want to stop thinking about it". They often feel shame because they feel something is wrong with them because they can't "get over it".
The people I work with have had a variety of negative life experiences with ONE thing in common. It still bothers them days, months or even years since it happened. I help people who feel like "I should be over this by now" and are tired of feeling overwhelmed by the images, feelings and sensations that come up unexpectedly day or night. The people I work with often say "I just want to stop thinking about it". They often feel shame because they feel something is wrong with them because they can't "get over it".
(757) 716-8972 View (757) 716-8972
Photo of Paul Hardy - Recovery for Life, CSAC, MAC, ASAM, Drug & Alcohol Counselor
Recovery for Life
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, CSAC, MAC, ASAM
Verified Verified
Virginia Beach, VA 23452
Got a DUI? Drug possession charge? Recovery for Life / Affordable Substance Abuse Treatment (ASAT) is a state-approved agency that offers assessments and substance abuse treatment groups for people who struggle with addictions.
Got a DUI? Drug possession charge? Recovery for Life / Affordable Substance Abuse Treatment (ASAT) is a state-approved agency that offers assessments and substance abuse treatment groups for people who struggle with addictions.
(757) 384-9650 View (757) 384-9650
Photo of Tiffany Jeppe, MS, Licensed Professional Counselor
Tiffany Jeppe
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS
Verified Verified
Virginia Beach, VA 23451
I have a passion for helping individuals, couples, and children navigate the challenges they face. I take a client-centered approach in my counseling practice, ensuring that each individual feels heard, valued, and supported throughout their therapeutic journey. I am trained in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TFCBT), Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), Accelerated Resolution Therapy (ART), Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT), Play Therapy, and Emotionally Focused Family Therapy (EFFT).
I have a passion for helping individuals, couples, and children navigate the challenges they face. I take a client-centered approach in my counseling practice, ensuring that each individual feels heard, valued, and supported throughout their therapeutic journey. I am trained in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TFCBT), Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), Accelerated Resolution Therapy (ART), Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT), Play Therapy, and Emotionally Focused Family Therapy (EFFT).
(757) 832-7125 View (757) 832-7125
Photo of Morgan B Ketner-White, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Morgan B Ketner-White
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Virginia Beach, VA 23464
“Strong Minds, Build Stronger Communities” Seeking change is a journey but it is not one you have to do on your own. I am dedicated to providing you with a safe, warm and welcoming atmosphere while navigating feelings of stress, depression and/or anxiety as you seek healing and growth.
“Strong Minds, Build Stronger Communities” Seeking change is a journey but it is not one you have to do on your own. I am dedicated to providing you with a safe, warm and welcoming atmosphere while navigating feelings of stress, depression and/or anxiety as you seek healing and growth.
(757) 733-5300 View (757) 733-5300
Photo of Angela Coleman, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Angela Coleman
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Virginia Beach, VA 23452
Hi! I hope to have the opportunity to work alongside you. If you are having hardships in life circumstances, depression, anxiety, panic, mood instability, difficulty coping, challenges in relationships, guilt, shame, unpleasant and or intrusive thoughts, feelings, actions, please reach out. Also, if you feel like you are stuck and can’t figure out why, I will be glad to help. I can integrate physical exercise during sessions, and offer Wilderness Therapy groups as well.
Hi! I hope to have the opportunity to work alongside you. If you are having hardships in life circumstances, depression, anxiety, panic, mood instability, difficulty coping, challenges in relationships, guilt, shame, unpleasant and or intrusive thoughts, feelings, actions, please reach out. Also, if you feel like you are stuck and can’t figure out why, I will be glad to help. I can integrate physical exercise during sessions, and offer Wilderness Therapy groups as well.
(757) 859-0544 View (757) 859-0544
Photo of Vanessa Bailey, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Vanessa Bailey
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Virginia Beach, VA 23464  (Online Only)
Throughout this journey called life, there are several obstacles, challenges, stressors, and disappointments you will face that contribute to feeling down and out. I am a firm believer in the saying, “if nothing changes, nothing changes.” That's why I am thrilled you have decided to take the step to produce a change in your life!!
Throughout this journey called life, there are several obstacles, challenges, stressors, and disappointments you will face that contribute to feeling down and out. I am a firm believer in the saying, “if nothing changes, nothing changes.” That's why I am thrilled you have decided to take the step to produce a change in your life!!
(757) 997-6638 View (757) 997-6638
Photo of Georgia Phillips, ACSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Georgia Phillips
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, ACSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Virginia Beach, VA 23462
Every human being at times experiences sadness, anxiety, anger, shame, fear, hopelessness, guilt, uncertainty. But for some, their daily lives are significantly impacted. You may be struggling with your marriage, partnership, children, family, friends, employer, co-workers. Depression and anxiety may cause you to avoid doing the things that matter and/or to choose unhealthy ways of coping. Some struggle with anger issues that result in legal, relationship and/or employment problems. Others have experienced traumatic events as children and/or adults. While pain in life is inevitable, it does not have to take over our lives.
Every human being at times experiences sadness, anxiety, anger, shame, fear, hopelessness, guilt, uncertainty. But for some, their daily lives are significantly impacted. You may be struggling with your marriage, partnership, children, family, friends, employer, co-workers. Depression and anxiety may cause you to avoid doing the things that matter and/or to choose unhealthy ways of coping. Some struggle with anger issues that result in legal, relationship and/or employment problems. Others have experienced traumatic events as children and/or adults. While pain in life is inevitable, it does not have to take over our lives.
(757) 210-7458 View (757) 210-7458
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See more therapy options for Virginia Beach

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Virginia Beach, VA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$135

Therapists in Virginia Beach, VA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
90% Depression
73% Trauma and PTSD
73% Stress
71% Self Esteem
69% Relationship Issues
68% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

78% Aetna
74% Cigna and Evernorth
70% Anthem

How Therapists in Virginia Beach, VA see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

86% Female
13% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Virginia Beach?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.