Therapists in Medford, MA

Photo of Sarah McIsaac Murphy, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sarah McIsaac Murphy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Medford, MA 02155
I love what I do after 29 years and have worked in a wide range of settings, with a range of people working on a wide range of issues. I enjoy building rapport with new clients and believe it's essential to put all clients at ease by being attentive, warm and validating. I meet you where you are. After 2 - 3 visits determine if we are a match; I've met too many clients who've continued with providers they didn't find helpful. I want you to find who you need. Lastly, I am not a 'nodder', I provide verbal support, and feedback so you know you are not alone as your share your story, struggles and strengths. You deserve great care.
I love what I do after 29 years and have worked in a wide range of settings, with a range of people working on a wide range of issues. I enjoy building rapport with new clients and believe it's essential to put all clients at ease by being attentive, warm and validating. I meet you where you are. After 2 - 3 visits determine if we are a match; I've met too many clients who've continued with providers they didn't find helpful. I want you to find who you need. Lastly, I am not a 'nodder', I provide verbal support, and feedback so you know you are not alone as your share your story, struggles and strengths. You deserve great care.
(339) 330-2338 View (339) 330-2338
Photo of Lorrayne Brito Assis, LICSW , Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lorrayne Brito Assis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Medford, MA 02155
I have training and proficiency in treating a variety of needs including depression, anxiety, adjustment and trauma-related disorders, and issues unique to the LQBTQIA+ and migrant communities. I utilize a client-centered approach that is built on active listening, non-judgment, allyship and cultural responsiveness. I am a Brazilian and I am bilingual in English and Portuguese. My clinical interest is in supporting children, adolescents, and young adults through every stage, and meeting each person in the moment with empathy for their lived experiences.
I have training and proficiency in treating a variety of needs including depression, anxiety, adjustment and trauma-related disorders, and issues unique to the LQBTQIA+ and migrant communities. I utilize a client-centered approach that is built on active listening, non-judgment, allyship and cultural responsiveness. I am a Brazilian and I am bilingual in English and Portuguese. My clinical interest is in supporting children, adolescents, and young adults through every stage, and meeting each person in the moment with empathy for their lived experiences.
(339) 356-1848 View (339) 356-1848
Photo of Jack Lynch - --None--, LADCII, CADCI, CARC, Drug & Alcohol Counselor
--None--
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LADCII, CADCI, CARC
Verified Verified
Medford, MA 02155
Individual addiction therapy and recovery coaching for adults struggling with alcohol or substance use. Jack uses Motivational Interviewing and mindfulness to help individuals find their own path to recovery. All appointments are telehealth. Case management prices are made on case by case basis.
Individual addiction therapy and recovery coaching for adults struggling with alcohol or substance use. Jack uses Motivational Interviewing and mindfulness to help individuals find their own path to recovery. All appointments are telehealth. Case management prices are made on case by case basis.
(339) 330-3898 View (339) 330-3898
Photo of Nicholas Whooley- Therapy For You, LMHC, Counselor
Nicholas Whooley- Therapy For You
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Medford, MA 02155  (Online Only)
Nicholas is currently accepting new clients! He enjoys working with a variety of issues, including but not limited to anxiety, body dysmorphia, trauma and PTSD. Nicholas has experience working with young adults, adults, and with members of the LGBTQIA+ community. Nicholas works with clients to focus on the internal work, prompting change from within to effect how clients respond to stressors in their environment. We will work together to determine the root cause of the problem to establish a strong foundation to execute effective change.
Nicholas is currently accepting new clients! He enjoys working with a variety of issues, including but not limited to anxiety, body dysmorphia, trauma and PTSD. Nicholas has experience working with young adults, adults, and with members of the LGBTQIA+ community. Nicholas works with clients to focus on the internal work, prompting change from within to effect how clients respond to stressors in their environment. We will work together to determine the root cause of the problem to establish a strong foundation to execute effective change.
(617) 766-3993 View (617) 766-3993
Photo of Mary Kate Collins, LMHC, LADC-1, Counselor
Mary Kate Collins
Counselor, LMHC, LADC-1
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Medford, MA 02155  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Welcome! I provide telehealth psychotherapy to individuals and couples. My goal as a therapist is to provide a safe and supportive space where we can work through emotional challenges. My therapeutic style is solution focused, non-judgemental and strength-based. I utilize many techniques including cognitive behavioral therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy and mindfulness based stress reduction. Please send me an email to set up an initial consultation.
Welcome! I provide telehealth psychotherapy to individuals and couples. My goal as a therapist is to provide a safe and supportive space where we can work through emotional challenges. My therapeutic style is solution focused, non-judgemental and strength-based. I utilize many techniques including cognitive behavioral therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy and mindfulness based stress reduction. Please send me an email to set up an initial consultation.
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Photo of Krista Sbordone, MSW,  LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Krista Sbordone
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Medford, MA 02155
Krista Sbordone is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Massachusetts who has been practicing since 2023. She was a triple major in undergrad at Merrimack College, where she earned dual Bachelor degrees, one in English and Education, one in Women’s and Gender Studies, and she has a Master in Social Work from Boston College, where she had a Mental Health field of practice and earned a Trauma certification. Krista is passionate about viewing her clients from a whole person perspective, knowing that each individual has unique intersecting aspects of their identity that contribute to their experience, reality, and personhood.
Krista Sbordone is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Massachusetts who has been practicing since 2023. She was a triple major in undergrad at Merrimack College, where she earned dual Bachelor degrees, one in English and Education, one in Women’s and Gender Studies, and she has a Master in Social Work from Boston College, where she had a Mental Health field of practice and earned a Trauma certification. Krista is passionate about viewing her clients from a whole person perspective, knowing that each individual has unique intersecting aspects of their identity that contribute to their experience, reality, and personhood.
(617) 855-6593 View (617) 855-6593
Photo of Jeff N Morrison, MEd, Counselor
Jeff N Morrison
Counselor, MEd
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Medford, MA 02155
I believe that a good therapeutic relationship starts with a fundamental human connection between therapist and client. I will work with you to help identify your initial therapeutic needs. We will work together in a collaborative manner to effectively move toward self-actualization and live a more whole-hearted life. Sometimes identifying the things that give you a sense of connection with others and a sense of purpose is the first step toward a more fulfilling overall life experience.
I believe that a good therapeutic relationship starts with a fundamental human connection between therapist and client. I will work with you to help identify your initial therapeutic needs. We will work together in a collaborative manner to effectively move toward self-actualization and live a more whole-hearted life. Sometimes identifying the things that give you a sense of connection with others and a sense of purpose is the first step toward a more fulfilling overall life experience.
(339) 293-1934 View (339) 293-1934
Photo of Traci Schneider Bovino, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Traci Schneider Bovino
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Medford, MA 02155  (Online Only)
You hear over and over again that time heals all wounds. It’s easier to believe that you just have to wait it out and the pain will magically evaporate into thin air. The tears feel endless & it feels like your heart will never heal. You find yourself holding back from opening up to a new relationship because of the fear of getting hurt again. Or maybe your trust issues have you constantly playing detective, interrogating your partner’s every move because the scars of betrayal run so deep, you don’t know how to trust anymore.
You hear over and over again that time heals all wounds. It’s easier to believe that you just have to wait it out and the pain will magically evaporate into thin air. The tears feel endless & it feels like your heart will never heal. You find yourself holding back from opening up to a new relationship because of the fear of getting hurt again. Or maybe your trust issues have you constantly playing detective, interrogating your partner’s every move because the scars of betrayal run so deep, you don’t know how to trust anymore.
(339) 330-4416 View (339) 330-4416
Photo of Anushika Srivastava, Pre-Licensed Professional
Anushika Srivastava
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Medford, MA 02155
I am a dedicated mental health counselor with a deep passion for helping kids and adults navigate the complexities of their emotional well-being. Hailing from the culturally diverse and vibrant country of India, I bring a unique perspective to my practice, incorporating elements of Eastern wisdom and Western psychology to provide holistic and culturally sensitive mental health support. My approach to counseling is founded on empathy, active listening, and a client-centered perspective along with trauma-informed care and psychoanalytical approach. I like to blend multiple approaches to cater to the needs of my clients.
I am a dedicated mental health counselor with a deep passion for helping kids and adults navigate the complexities of their emotional well-being. Hailing from the culturally diverse and vibrant country of India, I bring a unique perspective to my practice, incorporating elements of Eastern wisdom and Western psychology to provide holistic and culturally sensitive mental health support. My approach to counseling is founded on empathy, active listening, and a client-centered perspective along with trauma-informed care and psychoanalytical approach. I like to blend multiple approaches to cater to the needs of my clients.
(339) 500-6929 View (339) 500-6929
Photo of Kristen Forgues- Therapy For You, LMHC, Counselor
Kristen Forgues- Therapy For You
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Medford, MA 02155
Kristen values establishing strong therapeutic rapport while assisting clients with meeting their desired treatment goals. Kristen helps clients explore environmental and relational factors that may be contributing to emotional discomfort. Kristen specializes in treating anxiety, chronic illness, environmental illness, PTSD, sleep disorders, relationship difficulties, familial complexities and individuals undergoing difficult life transitions and/or general life stressors. Kristen has experience working with both adults and adolescents/teens.
Kristen values establishing strong therapeutic rapport while assisting clients with meeting their desired treatment goals. Kristen helps clients explore environmental and relational factors that may be contributing to emotional discomfort. Kristen specializes in treating anxiety, chronic illness, environmental illness, PTSD, sleep disorders, relationship difficulties, familial complexities and individuals undergoing difficult life transitions and/or general life stressors. Kristen has experience working with both adults and adolescents/teens.
(617) 405-3983 View (617) 405-3983
Photo of Stephen "michael" Coughlin, MEd, LMHC, Counselor
Stephen "michael" Coughlin
Counselor, MEd, LMHC
Verified Verified
Medford, MA 02155  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I have been fortunate in my professional experiences over the last 36 years. I have been able to work two to three positions at the same time. I was a child protection supervisor for 30 years. I have been a facilitator in groups at a batterers intervention program. For 24 years I have been an emergency mental health clinician with an emergency service program (ESP) seeing patients at area hospitals, in homes, in group homes, police stations. I have also been a professor at Wheelock College (now part of BU) and continue to teach mental health counseling at Cambridge College in the Masters program. I AM ONLY DOING TELEHEALTH.
I have been fortunate in my professional experiences over the last 36 years. I have been able to work two to three positions at the same time. I was a child protection supervisor for 30 years. I have been a facilitator in groups at a batterers intervention program. For 24 years I have been an emergency mental health clinician with an emergency service program (ESP) seeing patients at area hospitals, in homes, in group homes, police stations. I have also been a professor at Wheelock College (now part of BU) and continue to teach mental health counseling at Cambridge College in the Masters program. I AM ONLY DOING TELEHEALTH.
(781) 350-9735 View (781) 350-9735
Photo of Erika Abrahamsson, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Erika Abrahamsson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Medford, MA 02155  (Online Only)
I have been practicing psychotherapy for twenty five years. I see mostly individuals and some couples. I work with individuals with trauma, and the emotions and actions that can stem from trauma. I work with individuals with mood disorders. I work with individuals coping with grief of all kinds, including but not limited to loss of pets.
I have been practicing psychotherapy for twenty five years. I see mostly individuals and some couples. I work with individuals with trauma, and the emotions and actions that can stem from trauma. I work with individuals with mood disorders. I work with individuals coping with grief of all kinds, including but not limited to loss of pets.
(339) 217-3702 View (339) 217-3702
Photo of Caitlin McArdle - McArdle Counseling, LLC, LICSW, LCSW, LMSW, MSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
McArdle Counseling, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LCSW, LMSW, MSW
Verified Verified
Medford, MA 02155  (Online Only)
Accepting help is an incredibly brave step. If you are feeling as though something in your life needs to change and don't know where to begin, therapy is the best space to figure it out. This is an opportunity to prioritize your needs in order to heal and grow. Let me help guide you through this endeavor. My practice welcomes adult clients (18+) from all walks of life.
Accepting help is an incredibly brave step. If you are feeling as though something in your life needs to change and don't know where to begin, therapy is the best space to figure it out. This is an opportunity to prioritize your needs in order to heal and grow. Let me help guide you through this endeavor. My practice welcomes adult clients (18+) from all walks of life.
(508) 639-1101 View (508) 639-1101
Photo of Jean Yih Kingston, LMHC, LPC
Jean Yih Kingston
LMHC, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Medford, MA 02155  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Hello! I specialize in treating adult clients (18+) with issues such as anxiety, depression, trauma, and other mental health problems that impede daily function. As well, as an Asian-American person, I understand the implications of being a person of color and how cultural factors interplay with one's ability to navigate their days. I'm here to help you in whatever capacity I can so you can lead your best and most joyful life.
Hello! I specialize in treating adult clients (18+) with issues such as anxiety, depression, trauma, and other mental health problems that impede daily function. As well, as an Asian-American person, I understand the implications of being a person of color and how cultural factors interplay with one's ability to navigate their days. I'm here to help you in whatever capacity I can so you can lead your best and most joyful life.
(781) 675-8984 View (781) 675-8984
Photo of Alina Gallupe-Barry, LMHC, Counselor
Alina Gallupe-Barry
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Medford, MA 02155  (Online Only)
Are you or your teen looking for a supportive and non-judgmental environment to explore feelings and navigate life transitions? If so, we might be a good fit! I have experience working with individuals from all walks of life, including those on the autism spectrum, those with chronic conditions, college students, and young adults.
Are you or your teen looking for a supportive and non-judgmental environment to explore feelings and navigate life transitions? If so, we might be a good fit! I have experience working with individuals from all walks of life, including those on the autism spectrum, those with chronic conditions, college students, and young adults.
(339) 330-1347 View (339) 330-1347
Photo of Jennifer A Spinner, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jennifer A Spinner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Medford, MA 02155  (Online Only)
Calling ALL Couples! LGBTQ+, Heterosexual, Polyamorous, Monogamous, Monogamish, Open Relationships, ALL couples and ALL Relationships! I Can Help You! Presenting a Special Offer from Jennifer Spinner LCSW!I am a student obtaining RLT (Relational Life Therapy) Certification. I will submit a case review and am offering a special fee in return for couples willing to allow me to record as we do session. The RLT Method is Very Effective! I can save your relationship and give you hope again! I study with Terry Real who has saved many relationships! Call Now! Malden, Brockton, Boston https:/www.jenniferspinnerLCSW.com
Calling ALL Couples! LGBTQ+, Heterosexual, Polyamorous, Monogamous, Monogamish, Open Relationships, ALL couples and ALL Relationships! I Can Help You! Presenting a Special Offer from Jennifer Spinner LCSW!I am a student obtaining RLT (Relational Life Therapy) Certification. I will submit a case review and am offering a special fee in return for couples willing to allow me to record as we do session. The RLT Method is Very Effective! I can save your relationship and give you hope again! I study with Terry Real who has saved many relationships! Call Now! Malden, Brockton, Boston https:/www.jenniferspinnerLCSW.com
(339) 330-0821 View (339) 330-0821
Photo of Henry White, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Henry White
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Medford, MA 02155  (Online Only)
Hi I'm Henry, a therapist at Mountain View Therapy. Long before I began to work as a therapist, I have believed that narrative has a unique power to help us define both our experience and identity. I graduated with a degree in film and medieval history from Marlboro College, then worked in production and as an actor on independent films, before moving to digital marketing. Eventually I turned to social work. I received my Master of Social Work degree from Boston University in 2022. Before joining Mountain View Therapy, I helped veterans struggling with homelessness, addiction and post-traumatic stress in the Somerville area.
Hi I'm Henry, a therapist at Mountain View Therapy. Long before I began to work as a therapist, I have believed that narrative has a unique power to help us define both our experience and identity. I graduated with a degree in film and medieval history from Marlboro College, then worked in production and as an actor on independent films, before moving to digital marketing. Eventually I turned to social work. I received my Master of Social Work degree from Boston University in 2022. Before joining Mountain View Therapy, I helped veterans struggling with homelessness, addiction and post-traumatic stress in the Somerville area.
(781) 916-9698 View (781) 916-9698
Photo of Elizabeth Huey, LMHC, Counselor
Elizabeth Huey
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Medford, MA 02155  (Online Only)
Hello! I am the Clinic Director for Ellie Mental Health - Medford. We are a new practice and have many clinicians eager to help. We have openings available right away. Our clinical staff have a range of expertise and experience. We serve all ages and populations, with a variety of specialties. Our experience ranges from clients with major mental illness, to assisting individuals navigating life transitions. We use an eclectic mix of therapeutic strategies. Whether you struggle with depression, anxiety, trauma, loss, addiction, etc., Elie Mental Health is a safe place to learn to accept yourself and make positive life changes.
Hello! I am the Clinic Director for Ellie Mental Health - Medford. We are a new practice and have many clinicians eager to help. We have openings available right away. Our clinical staff have a range of expertise and experience. We serve all ages and populations, with a variety of specialties. Our experience ranges from clients with major mental illness, to assisting individuals navigating life transitions. We use an eclectic mix of therapeutic strategies. Whether you struggle with depression, anxiety, trauma, loss, addiction, etc., Elie Mental Health is a safe place to learn to accept yourself and make positive life changes.
(339) 213-8694 View (339) 213-8694
Photo of Tayler Rose, LMHC , Counselor
Tayler Rose
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Medford, MA 02155
Tayler’s clinical focus is with trauma, the LGBTQIA+ community, depression, all types of anxiety disorders, chronic mental illnesses, and personality disorders. Tayler has worked in human services in a diverse group of clinical settings. Settings such as; ABA therapy in-home, residential for children and adults with eating disorders, day treatment for adults with severe mental illnesses, outpatient therapy for children through adulthood, school based therapy, and in a variety of in-home treatments focused on adolescents and families who are a part of the LGBTQIA+ community.
Tayler’s clinical focus is with trauma, the LGBTQIA+ community, depression, all types of anxiety disorders, chronic mental illnesses, and personality disorders. Tayler has worked in human services in a diverse group of clinical settings. Settings such as; ABA therapy in-home, residential for children and adults with eating disorders, day treatment for adults with severe mental illnesses, outpatient therapy for children through adulthood, school based therapy, and in a variety of in-home treatments focused on adolescents and families who are a part of the LGBTQIA+ community.
(617) 404-1451 View (617) 404-1451
Photo of Carolyn St. Laurence, MA, LMHC, Counselor
Carolyn St. Laurence
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Medford, MA 02155  (Online Only)
Searching for therapy can be a difficult process, congrats on taking the first step! I enjoy supporting others in tackling those social and emotional struggles that get in the way of everyday living: from building skills related to social awareness, to managing challenging behaviors, and utilizing effective coping skills. We all need some practice identifying some tools that can help us when strong feelings show up! Right now I am offering sessions through teleheath.
Searching for therapy can be a difficult process, congrats on taking the first step! I enjoy supporting others in tackling those social and emotional struggles that get in the way of everyday living: from building skills related to social awareness, to managing challenging behaviors, and utilizing effective coping skills. We all need some practice identifying some tools that can help us when strong feelings show up! Right now I am offering sessions through teleheath.
(781) 412-1454 View (781) 412-1454
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Medford, MA

200+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Medford, MA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
88% Depression
74% Self Esteem
73% Coping Skills
71% Relationship Issues
65% Stress
64% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

83% BlueCross and BlueShield
68% Aetna
67% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Medford, MA see their clients

64% In Person and Online
36% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
17% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Medford?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.