Therapists in Upper East Side, New York, NY

Photo of Rebecca Falk Hillman, PsyD, Psychologist
Rebecca Falk Hillman
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Upper East Side, New York, NY 10075
Welcome to my practice. I'm a licensed clinical psychologist and help adults struggling with a variety of issues including anxiety, stress and life transitions, as well as those who are simply interested in self-exploration. No matter what brings you to pursue support at this time, I prioritize establishing a trusting, safe and respectful space in session and strive to help you get out of therapy whatever it is you are seeking from the experience.
Welcome to my practice. I'm a licensed clinical psychologist and help adults struggling with a variety of issues including anxiety, stress and life transitions, as well as those who are simply interested in self-exploration. No matter what brings you to pursue support at this time, I prioritize establishing a trusting, safe and respectful space in session and strive to help you get out of therapy whatever it is you are seeking from the experience.
(646) 849-3255 View (646) 849-3255
Photo of Pia Molina, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Pia Molina
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Upper East Side, New York, NY 10065  (Online Only)
Do you feel stuck or exhausted by every day expectations? Now more than ever, people are feeling overwhelmed by work, relationships, and decision-making. I specialize in grief and loss, and depression or anxiety that may be exacerbated by unexpected change. Together we can explore what affects you, holds true for you, and make-meaning of your evolving sense of purpose. We will explore your personal values and thoughts and patterns in a compassionate and honest way.
Do you feel stuck or exhausted by every day expectations? Now more than ever, people are feeling overwhelmed by work, relationships, and decision-making. I specialize in grief and loss, and depression or anxiety that may be exacerbated by unexpected change. Together we can explore what affects you, holds true for you, and make-meaning of your evolving sense of purpose. We will explore your personal values and thoughts and patterns in a compassionate and honest way.
(646) 846-4729 View (646) 846-4729
Photo of Abby Bramnick, MA, LCAT, ATR-BC, Art Therapist
Abby Bramnick
Art Therapist, MA, LCAT, ATR-BC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Upper East Side, New York, NY 10128
We all have our “stuff.” It’s part of what makes us human. Some of this causes distress in our daily life that can lead to overwhelming emotions. As painful as life can sometimes feel, these moments provide the opportunity for growth and healing. My approach is genuine, straight forward, integrative, holistic, humorous and relational. I facilitate open and honest communication with clients. Developing trust and safety in our relationship is my foremost priority.
We all have our “stuff.” It’s part of what makes us human. Some of this causes distress in our daily life that can lead to overwhelming emotions. As painful as life can sometimes feel, these moments provide the opportunity for growth and healing. My approach is genuine, straight forward, integrative, holistic, humorous and relational. I facilitate open and honest communication with clients. Developing trust and safety in our relationship is my foremost priority.
(646) 956-4296 View (646) 956-4296
Photo of Joni Rebecca McLeod, Counselor
Joni Rebecca McLeod
Counselor
Verified Verified
Upper East Side, New York, NY 10065
I am passionate about making mental health care more accessible, especially for those who have experienced complex trauma throughout their life. Being a trauma survivor myself, I am deeply aware of the way that trauma impacts our minds and bodies. I, more specifically, work with individuals who have experienced: sexual trauma, relational trauma, and religious trauma. I aim to meet you where you're at in your healing process whether that is page 1 or page 1000. My goal is to ultimately empower you to take control of your mental health through finding your own healing.
I am passionate about making mental health care more accessible, especially for those who have experienced complex trauma throughout their life. Being a trauma survivor myself, I am deeply aware of the way that trauma impacts our minds and bodies. I, more specifically, work with individuals who have experienced: sexual trauma, relational trauma, and religious trauma. I aim to meet you where you're at in your healing process whether that is page 1 or page 1000. My goal is to ultimately empower you to take control of your mental health through finding your own healing.
(347) 801-7588 View (347) 801-7588
Photo of Page Tolbert, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Page Tolbert
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Upper East Side, New York, NY 10028
I enjoy working with people struggling through periods of transition. While much of my experience has been with people recovering from medical illness, I'm also comfortable working with people who are at any turning point in life -- or who would like to reach a point of change or growth.
I enjoy working with people struggling through periods of transition. While much of my experience has been with people recovering from medical illness, I'm also comfortable working with people who are at any turning point in life -- or who would like to reach a point of change or growth.
(917) 512-4802 View (917) 512-4802
Photo of Ariana Dichiara, Psychologist
Ariana Dichiara
Psychologist
Verified Verified
Upper East Side, New York, NY 10021  (Online Only)
Are you struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, or perfectionism? Have you been struggling with a transition or recent change in your life? Are you looking to change how you approach your life, and move closer towards the things that are meaningful to you? I work collaboratively with clients to help them get closer to their values and better navigate life. My aim is not to treat symptoms; rather, I teach clients tools for living so that you can live the life you want to. Together, through a nonjudgmental and genuine approach, we can get you closer to who you want to be.
Are you struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, or perfectionism? Have you been struggling with a transition or recent change in your life? Are you looking to change how you approach your life, and move closer towards the things that are meaningful to you? I work collaboratively with clients to help them get closer to their values and better navigate life. My aim is not to treat symptoms; rather, I teach clients tools for living so that you can live the life you want to. Together, through a nonjudgmental and genuine approach, we can get you closer to who you want to be.
(347) 848-1362 View (347) 848-1362
Photo of Hannah West, LCSW
Hannah West
Licensed Master Social Worker, LCSW
Verified Verified
Upper East Side, New York, NY 10028  (Online Only)
I am a psychotherapist who specializes in treating individuals with chronic pain utilizing a mind-body approach. I integrate modalities such as Pain Reprocessing Therapy (PRT) and Emotional Awareness and Expression Therapy (EAET) in order to identify the cognitive, behavioral, and emotional roots to chronic pain symptoms.
I am a psychotherapist who specializes in treating individuals with chronic pain utilizing a mind-body approach. I integrate modalities such as Pain Reprocessing Therapy (PRT) and Emotional Awareness and Expression Therapy (EAET) in order to identify the cognitive, behavioral, and emotional roots to chronic pain symptoms.
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Photo of Scott Morgano, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Scott Morgano
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Upper East Side, New York, NY 10029
I'm Scott Morgano, an LCSW with 20 years of experience working with adults, children, and adolescents with various needs and eight years of experience working with adolescents and adults who have been the perpetrators and/or victims of sexual abuse. I take an analytical and supportive approach to working with all of my clients to help them fulfill their treatment goals. The clients I typically work with are children ranging from 5-18 years old. I have had over twenty years of experience working with children of various ages, as well as children and adults on the autism spectrum.
I'm Scott Morgano, an LCSW with 20 years of experience working with adults, children, and adolescents with various needs and eight years of experience working with adolescents and adults who have been the perpetrators and/or victims of sexual abuse. I take an analytical and supportive approach to working with all of my clients to help them fulfill their treatment goals. The clients I typically work with are children ranging from 5-18 years old. I have had over twenty years of experience working with children of various ages, as well as children and adults on the autism spectrum.
(646) 905-0909 View (646) 905-0909
Photo of Michael Libonati, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Michael Libonati
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Upper East Side, New York, NY 10128  (Online Only)
I want to offer a space where every part of you feels warmly invited to participate in the process of healing and self-understanding. Whether you are seeking help for anxiety, depression, existential dread, addiction, relationship struggles, low self-esteem, professional hurdles, or creative blocks, I believe a key ingredient to long-term change is the chance to be experienced fully without the familiar fear of judgment. This means I welcome, with compassion and gentle curiosity, the aspects of you that feel buried, objectionable, or even unacceptable, perhaps due to social stigma or fear of being rejected.
I want to offer a space where every part of you feels warmly invited to participate in the process of healing and self-understanding. Whether you are seeking help for anxiety, depression, existential dread, addiction, relationship struggles, low self-esteem, professional hurdles, or creative blocks, I believe a key ingredient to long-term change is the chance to be experienced fully without the familiar fear of judgment. This means I welcome, with compassion and gentle curiosity, the aspects of you that feel buried, objectionable, or even unacceptable, perhaps due to social stigma or fear of being rejected.
(914) 278-7818 View (914) 278-7818
Photo of Matthew Ryan, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Matthew Ryan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Upper East Side, New York, NY 10128  (Online Only)
Our therapy style is based on Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), and Motivational Interviewing (MI). We lean towards a client-centered, goal-focused approach that gives people tools to effectively manage stressors and difficult life circumstances. We specialize in the treatment of ADHD, executive function, anxiety, communication issues, substance use, and some others. We also offer comprehensive ADHD evaluations with letters/reports as well as evaluations and documentation for Psychiatric Service Dogs (PSDs). Additionally, we have coaching services.
Our therapy style is based on Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), and Motivational Interviewing (MI). We lean towards a client-centered, goal-focused approach that gives people tools to effectively manage stressors and difficult life circumstances. We specialize in the treatment of ADHD, executive function, anxiety, communication issues, substance use, and some others. We also offer comprehensive ADHD evaluations with letters/reports as well as evaluations and documentation for Psychiatric Service Dogs (PSDs). Additionally, we have coaching services.
(929) 345-1984 View (929) 345-1984
Photo of Simone Schultz - Harmony Mental Health Counseling Services, PC , LMHC, LMSW, LPC, NCC, CASAC, Counselor
Harmony Mental Health Counseling Services, PC
Counselor, LMHC, LMSW, LPC, NCC, CASAC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Upper East Side, New York, NY 10028
Do you find yourself constantly worrying about what others think of you? Your heart races, your palms sweat, and your mind goes blank in social situations. You're afraid of being judged, and it feels like you're trapped in a cycle of anxiety and self-doubt. You long for connection, but the thought of attending social events or meeting new people leaves you feeling overwhelmed. Or maybe you're experiencing panic attacks that seem to come out of nowhere, making you feel like you're losing control. You might even find yourself feeling down, lacking motivation, and struggling to find joy in your day-to-day life. You're not alone!
Do you find yourself constantly worrying about what others think of you? Your heart races, your palms sweat, and your mind goes blank in social situations. You're afraid of being judged, and it feels like you're trapped in a cycle of anxiety and self-doubt. You long for connection, but the thought of attending social events or meeting new people leaves you feeling overwhelmed. Or maybe you're experiencing panic attacks that seem to come out of nowhere, making you feel like you're losing control. You might even find yourself feeling down, lacking motivation, and struggling to find joy in your day-to-day life. You're not alone!
(347) 657-3657 View (347) 657-3657
Photo of Neill S. Cohen, Psychologist
Neill S. Cohen
Psychologist
Verified Verified
Upper East Side, New York, NY 10065
I am a warm, engaging Clinical Psychologist, specializing in anxiety disorders and relationship issues. I have practiced Cognitive Behavior Therapy in New York City for 25+ years, so my advice is informed by a breadth of experience. In addition to my practice, I am active on the faculty at Weill-Cornell Medical College/New York Presbyterian Hospital. Since my orientation is cognitively-based, therapy sessions are conversational, pragmatic, and focused primarily on the here-and-now. We work on reaching therapeutic goals and collaborate on methods to attain them.
I am a warm, engaging Clinical Psychologist, specializing in anxiety disorders and relationship issues. I have practiced Cognitive Behavior Therapy in New York City for 25+ years, so my advice is informed by a breadth of experience. In addition to my practice, I am active on the faculty at Weill-Cornell Medical College/New York Presbyterian Hospital. Since my orientation is cognitively-based, therapy sessions are conversational, pragmatic, and focused primarily on the here-and-now. We work on reaching therapeutic goals and collaborate on methods to attain them.
(646) 386-2305 View (646) 386-2305
Photo of Stacy Kuhn, LCSW, MPH, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Stacy Kuhn
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MPH
Verified Verified
Upper East Side, New York, NY 10128
I strive to help clients understand their personal issues and dynamics that might be interfering with achieving their success in personal and professional life. I have witnessed the stresses young people feel when facing the pressures of adulthood. Increasingly, these anxieties are associated with economic and social media pressures. Many of these young adults have unhealthy coping mechanisms for dealing with these factors, like substance abuse. Through understanding a person's way of being and looking at the world, healthier behaviors and thoughts can lead to effective change in life.
I strive to help clients understand their personal issues and dynamics that might be interfering with achieving their success in personal and professional life. I have witnessed the stresses young people feel when facing the pressures of adulthood. Increasingly, these anxieties are associated with economic and social media pressures. Many of these young adults have unhealthy coping mechanisms for dealing with these factors, like substance abuse. Through understanding a person's way of being and looking at the world, healthier behaviors and thoughts can lead to effective change in life.
(646) 663-4274 View (646) 663-4274
Photo of Robert Teixeira, SMF, MPIA, MA, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Robert Teixeira
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, SMF, MPIA, MA, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Upper East Side, New York, NY 10028
Step into the realty that YOU are the Ancient, Eternal, Infinite, One, and Unchanging LIGHT shining through the flesh-and-blood prism known as the self. In other words, YOU are the Driver, and what YOU see in the mirror is the Vehicle. Like every good mechanic, I listen to both Driver and Vehicle. Remember: You are NOT anxious, depressed, or fearful, your vehicle is.
Step into the realty that YOU are the Ancient, Eternal, Infinite, One, and Unchanging LIGHT shining through the flesh-and-blood prism known as the self. In other words, YOU are the Driver, and what YOU see in the mirror is the Vehicle. Like every good mechanic, I listen to both Driver and Vehicle. Remember: You are NOT anxious, depressed, or fearful, your vehicle is.
(646) 845-0409 View (646) 845-0409
Photo of Kayla Hart Raff, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kayla Hart Raff
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Upper East Side, New York, NY 10128  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Welcome and congratulations on beginning your therapeutic journey! I find therapy to be critical when a person's at a transitional point in their lives. I'd like to help guide you through that process. You don't have to do this on your own. With me you get a thoughtful, insightful, and supportive counselor.
Welcome and congratulations on beginning your therapeutic journey! I find therapy to be critical when a person's at a transitional point in their lives. I'd like to help guide you through that process. You don't have to do this on your own. With me you get a thoughtful, insightful, and supportive counselor.
(646) 760-8746 View (646) 760-8746
Photo of Christine Atkinson - Jamron Counseling, ATR-BC, LCAT, Art Therapist
Christine Atkinson - Jamron Counseling
Art Therapist, ATR-BC, LCAT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Upper East Side, New York, NY 10028  (Online Only)
I believe that everyone has the opportunity to increase their health, comfort, and happiness. I work collaboratively with individuals from diverse backgrounds who seek out counseling for various issues including anxiety, mood, anger and adjustment. I strive towards allowing individuals to redefine themselves. My goal is to create a safe creative space to begin a journey of growth, renewal, and a path towards achieving authenticity.
I believe that everyone has the opportunity to increase their health, comfort, and happiness. I work collaboratively with individuals from diverse backgrounds who seek out counseling for various issues including anxiety, mood, anger and adjustment. I strive towards allowing individuals to redefine themselves. My goal is to create a safe creative space to begin a journey of growth, renewal, and a path towards achieving authenticity.
(929) 395-0818 View (929) 395-0818
Photo of Jill Abramson, LCSW, CASAC, CSAT, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jill Abramson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CASAC, CSAT
Verified Verified
Upper East Side, New York, NY 10075  (Online Only)
With over 25 years of experience, my specialty areas include couples therapy, infidelity, partners of sex addicts, substance abuse and recovery, sex addiction, individual therapy for anxiety, depression, EMDR trauma resolution DWI assessments, loss, bereavement and life coaching through difficult situations. I am extensively trained in a number of relationship therapy modalities and trauma resolution with the ability to use a wide range of therapy interventions to help you.
With over 25 years of experience, my specialty areas include couples therapy, infidelity, partners of sex addicts, substance abuse and recovery, sex addiction, individual therapy for anxiety, depression, EMDR trauma resolution DWI assessments, loss, bereavement and life coaching through difficult situations. I am extensively trained in a number of relationship therapy modalities and trauma resolution with the ability to use a wide range of therapy interventions to help you.
(917) 983-1360 View (917) 983-1360
Photo of Andrea Allen, PhD, Psychologist
Andrea Allen
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Upper East Side, New York, NY 10029
Not accepting new clients
If you are troubled by anxiety, worries, intrusive thoughts or compulsive behaviors, I want you to know that effective treatments are available. I can work with you to reclaim your life and live it with joy. I'm a clinical psychologist with 20+ years of experience working with obsessive compulsive and anxiety disorders. I have extensive experience and success treating patients with Body Dysmorphic Disorder and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. Other disorders I treat include body focused repetitive behaviors (e.g. trichotillomania, excoriation), hoarding, health anxiety, Generalized Anxiety, Social Anxiety, Panic and phobias.
If you are troubled by anxiety, worries, intrusive thoughts or compulsive behaviors, I want you to know that effective treatments are available. I can work with you to reclaim your life and live it with joy. I'm a clinical psychologist with 20+ years of experience working with obsessive compulsive and anxiety disorders. I have extensive experience and success treating patients with Body Dysmorphic Disorder and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. Other disorders I treat include body focused repetitive behaviors (e.g. trichotillomania, excoriation), hoarding, health anxiety, Generalized Anxiety, Social Anxiety, Panic and phobias.
(516) 701-3026 View (516) 701-3026
Photo of Jaclyn Marie Smith, LCSW-R, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jaclyn Marie Smith
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
Upper East Side, New York, NY 10021  (Online Only)
In practice for 20 years I have dealt with many diverse & challenging issues. My treatment modality is person centered; therapy should be tailored to a person's needs, as no two individuals are alike. I employ a variety of approaches, theories and techniques, in an eclectic and flexible manner. I have experience treating Anxiety Disorders, Depression, Relationship Issues, Career Problems, Sexual Abuse, Substance Abuse, Self-Esteem issues and Trauma.
In practice for 20 years I have dealt with many diverse & challenging issues. My treatment modality is person centered; therapy should be tailored to a person's needs, as no two individuals are alike. I employ a variety of approaches, theories and techniques, in an eclectic and flexible manner. I have experience treating Anxiety Disorders, Depression, Relationship Issues, Career Problems, Sexual Abuse, Substance Abuse, Self-Esteem issues and Trauma.
(347) 657-6768 View (347) 657-6768
Photo of Sarah Andrews, LCSW, BCD, FIPA, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sarah Andrews
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, BCD, FIPA
Verified Verified
Upper East Side, New York, NY 10028
An experienced, well-trained, contemporary psychotherapist, in practice for over 25 years, I work with adults from diverse backgrounds who are struggling to cope with life events, anxiety, depression, difficulties in relationships, bereavement, alcohol abuse, the interaction between psychological states and physical symptoms, and work and career-related problems. I work to help you alleviate symptoms of anxiety and depression, understand and change self-defeating patterns, improve self-esteem and self-confidence, challenge negative perceptions, and learn new problem-solving and coping strategies.
An experienced, well-trained, contemporary psychotherapist, in practice for over 25 years, I work with adults from diverse backgrounds who are struggling to cope with life events, anxiety, depression, difficulties in relationships, bereavement, alcohol abuse, the interaction between psychological states and physical symptoms, and work and career-related problems. I work to help you alleviate symptoms of anxiety and depression, understand and change self-defeating patterns, improve self-esteem and self-confidence, challenge negative perceptions, and learn new problem-solving and coping strategies.
(646) 663-4132 View (646) 663-4132

See more therapy options for Upper East Side, New York

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Upper East Side, New York, NY

1,000+

Average cost per session

$200

Therapists in Upper East Side, New York, NY who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
88% Depression
84% Relationship Issues
79% Self Esteem
66% Coping Skills
66% Stress
63% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

77% Aetna
61% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
57% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Upper East Side, New York, NY see their clients

60% In Person and Online
40% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Upper East Side, New York?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.