Therapists in Shrewsbury, MA

Photo of Carol L A Smith, MDiv, MSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Carol L A Smith
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MDiv, MSW
Verified Verified
Shrewsbury, MA 01545
As a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker I focus on helping individuals and couples deal with life's difficult circumstances using a variety of psycho-therapeutic styles to help people manage anxiety and depression and to improve communication, intimacy and purpose in their daily lives. Mindfulness and cognition are helpful tools in my work. As an ordained Christian therapist I utilize a spiritual perspective with those seeking such. I enjoy helping people find new life out of difficult circumstances and unhappy histories.The initial consultation includes choosing between regular psychotherapy or spiritual direction - My blog: Living Each Day with Christ.
As a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker I focus on helping individuals and couples deal with life's difficult circumstances using a variety of psycho-therapeutic styles to help people manage anxiety and depression and to improve communication, intimacy and purpose in their daily lives. Mindfulness and cognition are helpful tools in my work. As an ordained Christian therapist I utilize a spiritual perspective with those seeking such. I enjoy helping people find new life out of difficult circumstances and unhappy histories.The initial consultation includes choosing between regular psychotherapy or spiritual direction - My blog: Living Each Day with Christ.
(774) 413-8220 View (774) 413-8220
Photo of Natalya Posnick, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Natalya Posnick
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Shrewsbury, MA 01545
Natalya completed her Master’s Degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling and Behavioral Medicine from Boston University School of Medicine. She works with adolescents (age 16+) and adults. She is experienced in working with substance use, anxiety, depression, trauma, and other mood disorders. She utilizes a holistic approach and interventions informed by neuroscience and the mind-body connection. This is especially helpful in the treatment of trauma-related disorders.
Natalya completed her Master’s Degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling and Behavioral Medicine from Boston University School of Medicine. She works with adolescents (age 16+) and adults. She is experienced in working with substance use, anxiety, depression, trauma, and other mood disorders. She utilizes a holistic approach and interventions informed by neuroscience and the mind-body connection. This is especially helpful in the treatment of trauma-related disorders.
(978) 999-2165 View (978) 999-2165
Photo of Robert Sovocool, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Robert Sovocool
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Shrewsbury, MA 01545
Life is a barrage of experiences that informs our relationship with the world around us. Perspective on current circumstances is heavily influenced by previous context, which can distort one's outlook on the future as well as how the past interpreted. If this process goes unexamined, it can hinder the ability to be self-aware, open emotional growth, connected to others as well as the general ability to be accepting of current difficulties in life. Through our work together, we can develop effective methods examine our thoughts, behaviors and emotional reactions to events, in order to live fulfilling lives.
Life is a barrage of experiences that informs our relationship with the world around us. Perspective on current circumstances is heavily influenced by previous context, which can distort one's outlook on the future as well as how the past interpreted. If this process goes unexamined, it can hinder the ability to be self-aware, open emotional growth, connected to others as well as the general ability to be accepting of current difficulties in life. Through our work together, we can develop effective methods examine our thoughts, behaviors and emotional reactions to events, in order to live fulfilling lives.
(774) 260-6123 View (774) 260-6123
Photo of Ted Dobbert, LMHC, Counselor
Ted Dobbert
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Shrewsbury, MA 01545
You might be feeling down on yourself right now or frustrated with your current situation. It might be a struggle to make it through the day at school or work, interact with family and friends, or manage daily activities. Are you upset and irritable because you can’t seem to cope like you did before? Have things been feeling pretty bad for a while, despite everything you’ve tried? Reaching out for support and an objective perspective is a smart and brave move when things are not going well. I’d love to discuss how we can work together on coping skills, finding solutions, and fostering lasting changes in your life and relationships.
You might be feeling down on yourself right now or frustrated with your current situation. It might be a struggle to make it through the day at school or work, interact with family and friends, or manage daily activities. Are you upset and irritable because you can’t seem to cope like you did before? Have things been feeling pretty bad for a while, despite everything you’ve tried? Reaching out for support and an objective perspective is a smart and brave move when things are not going well. I’d love to discuss how we can work together on coping skills, finding solutions, and fostering lasting changes in your life and relationships.
(978) 999-2165 View (978) 999-2165
Photo of Christine Campbell, MS, Pre-Licensed Professional
Christine Campbell
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Shrewsbury, MA 01545  (Online Only)
Welcome! I have openings today for online counseling. I have 11+ years of experience in the mental health field working mostly with children and adolescents who have mental health struggles and severe emotional/behavioral challenges including symptoms related to depression, anxiety, self-esteem, conflict resolution, issues with social media, self-advocacy and social skill deficits.
Welcome! I have openings today for online counseling. I have 11+ years of experience in the mental health field working mostly with children and adolescents who have mental health struggles and severe emotional/behavioral challenges including symptoms related to depression, anxiety, self-esteem, conflict resolution, issues with social media, self-advocacy and social skill deficits.
(508) 286-7871 View (508) 286-7871
Photo of Victoria Cruz, MA, LMHC, BC-DMT, Counselor
Victoria Cruz
Counselor, MA, LMHC, BC-DMT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Shrewsbury, MA 01545
When painful things happen in our lives, we do our best to cope with it in the moment. That might mean we get really good at “just dealing with it,” and “toughing it out.” Maybe we get really good at “checking out,” or maybe we become super skilled at coming up with clever ways to altogether avoid triggering situations. At one point in time, these skills served you well. And maybe they don’t any longer. Often, underneath these patterns anxiety and depression flood every day, drowning out our resources and making life difficult to enjoy. But changing these patterns and finding new hope can seem like an impossible feat.
When painful things happen in our lives, we do our best to cope with it in the moment. That might mean we get really good at “just dealing with it,” and “toughing it out.” Maybe we get really good at “checking out,” or maybe we become super skilled at coming up with clever ways to altogether avoid triggering situations. At one point in time, these skills served you well. And maybe they don’t any longer. Often, underneath these patterns anxiety and depression flood every day, drowning out our resources and making life difficult to enjoy. But changing these patterns and finding new hope can seem like an impossible feat.
(508) 691-8076 View (508) 691-8076
Photo of Alicia Trant, LMHC, Counselor
Alicia Trant
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Shrewsbury, MA 01545  (Online Only)
As a licensed mental health counselor, I am passionate about empowering my clients to develop and live a life they desire. I strive to collaborate with each client to develop meaningful personal goals tailored specifically to their unique needs and circumstances. Often I will offer various proven coping skills and techniques that can support improving the quality of their lives in tangible ways. Providing a safe, compassionate and non-judgmental therapeutic environment is of utmost importance within our counselor-client relationship, as I believe it allows for deeper understanding and healing to occur.
As a licensed mental health counselor, I am passionate about empowering my clients to develop and live a life they desire. I strive to collaborate with each client to develop meaningful personal goals tailored specifically to their unique needs and circumstances. Often I will offer various proven coping skills and techniques that can support improving the quality of their lives in tangible ways. Providing a safe, compassionate and non-judgmental therapeutic environment is of utmost importance within our counselor-client relationship, as I believe it allows for deeper understanding and healing to occur.
(508) 422-5449 View (508) 422-5449
Photo of Keri Woodward, LMHC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Keri Woodward
Licensed Professional Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Shrewsbury, MA 01545  (Online Only)
Hi! I'm Keri. I enjoy working with Pre-Teens, Teens, Adolescents, and Adults. I provide individual psychotherapy for issues related to ADHD, Anger Management, Anxiety/OCD, Autism Spectrum Disorders, Bipolar Disorder, Body Image/Body Positivity, Maternal Mental Health (PPA/PPD), Relational Conflict, and life transitions. If you've been trying to gain as much control over your life as possible due to other chronic mental illness, I am here for you!
Hi! I'm Keri. I enjoy working with Pre-Teens, Teens, Adolescents, and Adults. I provide individual psychotherapy for issues related to ADHD, Anger Management, Anxiety/OCD, Autism Spectrum Disorders, Bipolar Disorder, Body Image/Body Positivity, Maternal Mental Health (PPA/PPD), Relational Conflict, and life transitions. If you've been trying to gain as much control over your life as possible due to other chronic mental illness, I am here for you!
(508) 290-6959 View (508) 290-6959
Photo of Meghan Gerardi, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Meghan Gerardi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Shrewsbury, MA 01545  (Online Only)
I enjoy working with adults to provide insight, perspective, & advice around many of lifes challenges, changes & transitions. My personal experiences & clinical training lay the foundation for my eclectic, practical & humorous approach with my clients. I look forward to helping people achieve their goals, address their worries/anxieties, heal, & find their joy. I also offer Parent/Caregiver Consultation for individuals who have or are caring for an adult child with mental health issues. By partnering with me, you can learn productive strategies to engage, help, & motivate your loved ones in ways which are meaningful.
I enjoy working with adults to provide insight, perspective, & advice around many of lifes challenges, changes & transitions. My personal experiences & clinical training lay the foundation for my eclectic, practical & humorous approach with my clients. I look forward to helping people achieve their goals, address their worries/anxieties, heal, & find their joy. I also offer Parent/Caregiver Consultation for individuals who have or are caring for an adult child with mental health issues. By partnering with me, you can learn productive strategies to engage, help, & motivate your loved ones in ways which are meaningful.
(508) 709-1507 View (508) 709-1507
Photo of Mercy Tandoh - RAI Counseling Services LLC, LMHC, LICSW, MA, Counselor
RAI Counseling Services LLC
Counselor, LMHC, LICSW, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Shrewsbury, MA 01545  (Online Only)
We have openings for virtual/video sessions! RAI Counseling Services LLC has a team of counselors from diverse backgrounds, who are passionate about helping others. We believe in taking brave steps toward healing, living and growth. If you're experiencing anxiety, racing thoughts, prolonged sadness and depression, distress due to traumatic experiences, grief, mood disorders, PPA/PPD, life transitions/stressors or you've been trying to gain as much control over your life as possible due to other chronic mental illnesses, we are here for you!
We have openings for virtual/video sessions! RAI Counseling Services LLC has a team of counselors from diverse backgrounds, who are passionate about helping others. We believe in taking brave steps toward healing, living and growth. If you're experiencing anxiety, racing thoughts, prolonged sadness and depression, distress due to traumatic experiences, grief, mood disorders, PPA/PPD, life transitions/stressors or you've been trying to gain as much control over your life as possible due to other chronic mental illnesses, we are here for you!
(508) 714-7110 View (508) 714-7110
Photo of Marcy Paris, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Marcy Paris
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Shrewsbury, MA 01545
Waitlist for new clients
I am a psychotherapist with 25 years of experience. I work with men, women and adolescents with a range of issues including depression, anxiety, trauma and relationship struggles. My main focus is to help you reach your own personal goals. My style is interactive, warm and direct. I believe the therapeutic relationship is paramount to successful treatment. I pride myself on creating a safe environment by being authentic, discerning, supportive and compassionate in a non-judgmental atmosphere.
I am a psychotherapist with 25 years of experience. I work with men, women and adolescents with a range of issues including depression, anxiety, trauma and relationship struggles. My main focus is to help you reach your own personal goals. My style is interactive, warm and direct. I believe the therapeutic relationship is paramount to successful treatment. I pride myself on creating a safe environment by being authentic, discerning, supportive and compassionate in a non-judgmental atmosphere.
(508) 213-4037 View (508) 213-4037
Photo of Catie West, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Catie West
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Shrewsbury, MA 01545
Catie obtained her Master’s Degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Fitchburg State University. She has experience working with various ages, including children (age 12+), adolescents, adults, and families. Catie has experience working with people who experience anxiety, depression, issues with self-esteem, and family or interpersonal relationship issues, as well as those with a history of trauma.
Catie obtained her Master’s Degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Fitchburg State University. She has experience working with various ages, including children (age 12+), adolescents, adults, and families. Catie has experience working with people who experience anxiety, depression, issues with self-esteem, and family or interpersonal relationship issues, as well as those with a history of trauma.
(978) 999-2165 View (978) 999-2165
Photo of Keith Willette, MA, LMHC, Counselor
Keith Willette
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Shrewsbury, MA 01545
I have been trained in cognitive behavioral therapy and am a graduate of Assumption College. I hold a masters degree in counseling psychology. I am certified in both family counseling and children & adolescent therapy from the Aaron T. Beck Institute.
I have been trained in cognitive behavioral therapy and am a graduate of Assumption College. I hold a masters degree in counseling psychology. I am certified in both family counseling and children & adolescent therapy from the Aaron T. Beck Institute.
(774) 435-1928 View (774) 435-1928
Photo of Karen Place Carlson, PhD, Psychologist
Karen Place Carlson
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Shrewsbury, MA 01545  (Online Only)
You're a gifted, dynamic, busy woman exhausted by life's competing demands. You put pressure on yourself to "do it all." You smile and take on the day, avoiding your emotional pain by staying busy. You have parenting, caregiving, relationship, or life transition issues that are being ignored, leading to anxiety, depression, medical issues, low motivation, and lack of fulfillment. Your past and current traumas are impacting your sleep and daily functioning. You've realized you need help, and you feel bad about that too. After all, you SHOULD be able to handle it all and keep smiling!
You're a gifted, dynamic, busy woman exhausted by life's competing demands. You put pressure on yourself to "do it all." You smile and take on the day, avoiding your emotional pain by staying busy. You have parenting, caregiving, relationship, or life transition issues that are being ignored, leading to anxiety, depression, medical issues, low motivation, and lack of fulfillment. Your past and current traumas are impacting your sleep and daily functioning. You've realized you need help, and you feel bad about that too. After all, you SHOULD be able to handle it all and keep smiling!
(774) 206-9391 View (774) 206-9391
Photo of Laurel Earls, LMFT, RYT-, Marriage & Family Therapist
Laurel Earls
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, RYT-
Verified Verified
Shrewsbury, MA 01545  (Online Only)
Couples/families: Attack/Defend sound familiar, feeling blamed, or blaming the other? Communication feeling hard, even impossible with your partner? Individuals: are you finding yourself unhappy, unfulfilled, missing something in your life? Perhaps you are struggling with anxiety, depression, stress, isolation? I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist who works with individuals, couples and families to support clients identifying and reaching their goals. Therapy can be an opportunity to acknowledge what is not working, learn tools, skills, and strategies to help you change your life and your relationships.
Couples/families: Attack/Defend sound familiar, feeling blamed, or blaming the other? Communication feeling hard, even impossible with your partner? Individuals: are you finding yourself unhappy, unfulfilled, missing something in your life? Perhaps you are struggling with anxiety, depression, stress, isolation? I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist who works with individuals, couples and families to support clients identifying and reaching their goals. Therapy can be an opportunity to acknowledge what is not working, learn tools, skills, and strategies to help you change your life and your relationships.
(857) 254-8144 View (857) 254-8144
Photo of Kathleen Litchfield, MFT
Kathleen Litchfield
MFT
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Shrewsbury, MA 01545
Taking the first step may be the hardest, but you’ll feel so much better when you do. And I’m here to help! I am a dedicated, experienced therapist who is passionate about my work. I help couples navigate their way through troubling times and improve the quality of their relationship. Poor communication, betrayal, feelings of disconnect and living parallel lives, are just a few of the issues couples bring to therapy. You can learn new ways to relate to one another, actively problem solve, and discover what each of you need to feel loved and cared for in your relationship. You both deserve a happy partnership!
Taking the first step may be the hardest, but you’ll feel so much better when you do. And I’m here to help! I am a dedicated, experienced therapist who is passionate about my work. I help couples navigate their way through troubling times and improve the quality of their relationship. Poor communication, betrayal, feelings of disconnect and living parallel lives, are just a few of the issues couples bring to therapy. You can learn new ways to relate to one another, actively problem solve, and discover what each of you need to feel loved and cared for in your relationship. You both deserve a happy partnership!
(508) 214-4735 View (508) 214-4735
Photo of Emily Van Ness-Wells, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Emily Van Ness-Wells
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Shrewsbury, MA 01545
* No current openings at this time* I am a clinical social worker with 14 years of experience in human services. I work with individuals, children, and families and treat a range of issues or concerns. My main focus is to help you reach your own self-directed goals. My style is eclectic, warm, and authentic. I believe the therapeutic relationship is the foundation to successful treatment. My goal is to create a safe, non-judgmental environment where you have access to a clinician that fits your needs. I utilize mindfulness, heart centered dialog, and compassion to aide in your journey.
* No current openings at this time* I am a clinical social worker with 14 years of experience in human services. I work with individuals, children, and families and treat a range of issues or concerns. My main focus is to help you reach your own self-directed goals. My style is eclectic, warm, and authentic. I believe the therapeutic relationship is the foundation to successful treatment. My goal is to create a safe, non-judgmental environment where you have access to a clinician that fits your needs. I utilize mindfulness, heart centered dialog, and compassion to aide in your journey.
(508) 476-6312 View (508) 476-6312
Photo of Martina Crane, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Martina Crane
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Shrewsbury, MA 01545  (Online Only)
Schedule a session today! I am passionate about and experienced in working with survivors of abuse and complex trauma, the LGBTQ+ community, and issues related to oppression and activism. My work is deeply grounded in anti-oppression and equity, and the belief that therapy is about empowerment, permission to be and celebration of our authentic selves, and ultimately turning our pain into our purpose.
Schedule a session today! I am passionate about and experienced in working with survivors of abuse and complex trauma, the LGBTQ+ community, and issues related to oppression and activism. My work is deeply grounded in anti-oppression and equity, and the belief that therapy is about empowerment, permission to be and celebration of our authentic selves, and ultimately turning our pain into our purpose.
(508) 306-8799 View (508) 306-8799
Photo of Ashley Lees, LMHC, Counselor
Ashley Lees
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Shrewsbury, MA 01545
Ashley is a licensed mental health counselor with over 7 years of experience providing community-based mental health treatment to youth and families as well as individual outpatient therapy. She provides individual therapy at Rollins Counseling Center and has experience working with individuals struggling with trauma, PTSD, grief, depression, anxiety, life transitions, and relationship dynamics.
Ashley is a licensed mental health counselor with over 7 years of experience providing community-based mental health treatment to youth and families as well as individual outpatient therapy. She provides individual therapy at Rollins Counseling Center and has experience working with individuals struggling with trauma, PTSD, grief, depression, anxiety, life transitions, and relationship dynamics.
(978) 999-2165 View (978) 999-2165
Photo of Jessica Adonteng, MA, LMHC, CCTP, Counselor
Jessica Adonteng
Counselor, MA, LMHC, CCTP
Verified Verified
Shrewsbury, MA 01545  (Online Only)
You deserve to be happy, you deserve to love yourself, you deserve to take up space. Stand in your own power and find yourself again. The time of self sacrifice needs to end. It is time to focus on yourself and learn how that is not selfish, it is self care and you deserve that just because you are, just because you breathe. No more proving your worth, giving up your wants and needs, values and morals. The change can start today, just by taking that first step, even when you don’t see the staircase, it is there.
You deserve to be happy, you deserve to love yourself, you deserve to take up space. Stand in your own power and find yourself again. The time of self sacrifice needs to end. It is time to focus on yourself and learn how that is not selfish, it is self care and you deserve that just because you are, just because you breathe. No more proving your worth, giving up your wants and needs, values and morals. The change can start today, just by taking that first step, even when you don’t see the staircase, it is there.
(508) 504-9341 View (508) 504-9341

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Shrewsbury, MA

100+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Shrewsbury, MA who prioritize treating:

96% Anxiety
91% Depression
73% Relationship Issues
72% Self Esteem
69% Stress
66% Coping Skills
64% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

92% BlueCross and BlueShield
70% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
64% Optum

How Therapists in Shrewsbury, MA see their clients

68% In Person and Online
32% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
18% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Shrewsbury?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.