Therapists in Rancho Cordova, CA

Photo of Jason Markel, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Jason Markel
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rancho Cordova, CA 95670
Maybe your family was less than healthy growing up and you wonder how that’s impacting you today? Did you feel ignored back then? If you felt pressure to conform to others’ expectations and hide how you felt - you're not alone. Over time that experience can leave you numb, confused and angry. If you haven't been taught how to manage doubt and insecurity, they creep and leave you anxious, resentful, and depressed. You want to express yourself and hold healthy boundaries in your relationships, but don't know how to. I will help teach you to accept yourself, hold boundaries and stop beating yourself up.
Maybe your family was less than healthy growing up and you wonder how that’s impacting you today? Did you feel ignored back then? If you felt pressure to conform to others’ expectations and hide how you felt - you're not alone. Over time that experience can leave you numb, confused and angry. If you haven't been taught how to manage doubt and insecurity, they creep and leave you anxious, resentful, and depressed. You want to express yourself and hold healthy boundaries in your relationships, but don't know how to. I will help teach you to accept yourself, hold boundaries and stop beating yourself up.
(916) 299-8927 View (916) 299-8927
Photo of Christine S Wu, PsyD, Psychologist
Christine S Wu
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Rancho Cordova, CA 95742  (Online Only)
Do you want a positive change in your life, one that you would be content and at peace with? Do you constantly worry about almost everything every day? Do you have a job that is so stressful that you are having trouble sleeping and eating? Do any of the questions listed above impact your relationships with your family, significant other, and/or friends? These are all the common issues I deal with in my practice. I also see clients with past abuse/trauma, domestic violence, and anger control problems. I welcome anyone from all cultural backgrounds to utilize my services. I offer telehealth only.
Do you want a positive change in your life, one that you would be content and at peace with? Do you constantly worry about almost everything every day? Do you have a job that is so stressful that you are having trouble sleeping and eating? Do any of the questions listed above impact your relationships with your family, significant other, and/or friends? These are all the common issues I deal with in my practice. I also see clients with past abuse/trauma, domestic violence, and anger control problems. I welcome anyone from all cultural backgrounds to utilize my services. I offer telehealth only.
(916) 903-2568 View (916) 903-2568
Photo of Teresa Spaulding, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Teresa Spaulding
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rancho Cordova, CA 95670
Have you been telling yourself that you want to make changes and improvements to your self care, but been putting it off? It is easy to get in the habit of prioritizing other people's needs and wants ahead of your own. It can be a relief to find a nonjudgmental and approachable counselor to discuss your situation with. I have been counseling adults and couples for over fifteen years now, and have experience working with folks to improve their lives. I use evidence-based treatment that works. I am always expanding my skills and have been EMDR-Trained via the EMDR Institute.
Have you been telling yourself that you want to make changes and improvements to your self care, but been putting it off? It is easy to get in the habit of prioritizing other people's needs and wants ahead of your own. It can be a relief to find a nonjudgmental and approachable counselor to discuss your situation with. I have been counseling adults and couples for over fifteen years now, and have experience working with folks to improve their lives. I use evidence-based treatment that works. I am always expanding my skills and have been EMDR-Trained via the EMDR Institute.
(916) 776-8456 View (916) 776-8456
Photo of Mary Weck, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Mary Weck
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Rancho Cordova, CA 95670
True humility is to understand oneself as capable of every other person's weakness.-Anonymous. Hello, my name is Mary Weck and I am a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT50530). I believe this quote embodies the correct attitude necessary for a healthy therapeutic relationship. I actually admire clients who show the courage to open up difficult areas of their lives to a complete stranger since we all need another perspective from time to time. May I be found worthy of your trust?
True humility is to understand oneself as capable of every other person's weakness.-Anonymous. Hello, my name is Mary Weck and I am a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT50530). I believe this quote embodies the correct attitude necessary for a healthy therapeutic relationship. I actually admire clients who show the courage to open up difficult areas of their lives to a complete stranger since we all need another perspective from time to time. May I be found worthy of your trust?
(916) 312-1542 View (916) 312-1542
Photo of Darya Harrison, PsyD, Psychologist
Darya Harrison
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rancho Cordova, CA 95742  (Online Only)
Have you tried talk therapy or other types of treatment but found that you continue to suffer? Perhaps you’ve been dealing with depression, anxiety, or post-traumatic stress (PTSD) for years. I’ve seen so many people try different strategies only to end up back in the same place, with little to no improvement. Fortunately, with the right support and techniques you can begin to experience relief while finding more meaning and happiness in your life. I help adults who are going through divorce or other life transitions, dealing with past trauma, suffering from depression, and more.
Have you tried talk therapy or other types of treatment but found that you continue to suffer? Perhaps you’ve been dealing with depression, anxiety, or post-traumatic stress (PTSD) for years. I’ve seen so many people try different strategies only to end up back in the same place, with little to no improvement. Fortunately, with the right support and techniques you can begin to experience relief while finding more meaning and happiness in your life. I help adults who are going through divorce or other life transitions, dealing with past trauma, suffering from depression, and more.
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Roberto Roberto Macias Sanchez
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Rancho Cordova, CA 95670
I am a psychotherapist with 19 years of experience working at a children's hospital. I am multiracial, born in Mexico, Spanish speaking. I am also a veteran that served during the OIF and OEF. My general expertise are with children and their family unit in a broad range of mental health issues. I do not adhere to any particular treatment modality but rather incorporate what is needed for my clients clinical needs. I am the father of three multiracial children. I like the outdoors and animals and I am enjoying a new interest in growing fruit plants/trees.
I am a psychotherapist with 19 years of experience working at a children's hospital. I am multiracial, born in Mexico, Spanish speaking. I am also a veteran that served during the OIF and OEF. My general expertise are with children and their family unit in a broad range of mental health issues. I do not adhere to any particular treatment modality but rather incorporate what is needed for my clients clinical needs. I am the father of three multiracial children. I like the outdoors and animals and I am enjoying a new interest in growing fruit plants/trees.
(916) 623-1454 View (916) 623-1454
Post Narcissistic Abuse-Codependency/ OCD/GAD
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Rancho Cordova, CA 95670
Calif Only. In person Only. Narcissistic abuse is one of the worst things you have to go through. You can and will recover with some good therapy and God. I use spirituality in my work. Please note: There are many stages of Narc Abuse: Currently in relationship, seeking to leave, etc. I focus on and restrict my practice to POST narc abuse ONLY-after you have left the Narcissist. I do not take clients in active divorce/custody or court involved cases. I specialize in codependency/ empowerment of women post abuse and post abuser. We don't talk about the abuser, we focus on you owning your power!
Calif Only. In person Only. Narcissistic abuse is one of the worst things you have to go through. You can and will recover with some good therapy and God. I use spirituality in my work. Please note: There are many stages of Narc Abuse: Currently in relationship, seeking to leave, etc. I focus on and restrict my practice to POST narc abuse ONLY-after you have left the Narcissist. I do not take clients in active divorce/custody or court involved cases. I specialize in codependency/ empowerment of women post abuse and post abuser. We don't talk about the abuser, we focus on you owning your power!
(916) 587-7954 View (916) 587-7954
Photo of Bobby Stotler, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Bobby Stotler
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rancho Cordova, CA 95670
I provide services for couples, adolescents, families, and first responders. I have experience in treating PTSD, depression, anxiety, addictions, and substance use. I can provide faith-based counseling at the client’s request. I've worked as an on-campus therapist in the public school system, served in community mental health with former foster care clients, and have experience providing intensive outpatient programs for substance use.
I provide services for couples, adolescents, families, and first responders. I have experience in treating PTSD, depression, anxiety, addictions, and substance use. I can provide faith-based counseling at the client’s request. I've worked as an on-campus therapist in the public school system, served in community mental health with former foster care clients, and have experience providing intensive outpatient programs for substance use.
(916) 661-4223 View (916) 661-4223
Photo of Armine Manukian, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Armine Manukian
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Rancho Cordova, CA 95670
Hi there, I'm Armine! I have provided mental health services for 15 years helping clients with anxiety, depression, grief/loss, chronic illness, postpartum, and life/career transitions in diverse populations of adults. Given my experience, I have developed a therapeutic approach that is based on the needs of clients. I combine evidence-based interventions with cognitive, and psychodynamic therapies. I provide a supportive environment where clients openly and safely express their experiences, emotions, and thoughts with acceptance and non-judgment.
Hi there, I'm Armine! I have provided mental health services for 15 years helping clients with anxiety, depression, grief/loss, chronic illness, postpartum, and life/career transitions in diverse populations of adults. Given my experience, I have developed a therapeutic approach that is based on the needs of clients. I combine evidence-based interventions with cognitive, and psychodynamic therapies. I provide a supportive environment where clients openly and safely express their experiences, emotions, and thoughts with acceptance and non-judgment.
(916) 794-3439 View (916) 794-3439
Photo of Matt Fox, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Matt Fox
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Rancho Cordova, CA 95742
I meet my clients where they are and we can walk the journey together. Asking for help is the best first step.
I meet my clients where they are and we can walk the journey together. Asking for help is the best first step.
(916) 269-1347 View (916) 269-1347
Photo of Heather Thomas, IMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Heather Thomas
Marriage & Family Therapist, IMFT
Verified Verified
Rancho Cordova, CA 95670
Hello and welcome; my name is Heather Thomas, and I am a licensed marriage and family therapist. I've been working with individuals, families, and couples for over 10 years, helping them find the solutions within themselves, learn to emotionally regulate despite what is going on around them, learn to manage distress and to problem-solve. My goal is to help you create a life that is worth living and one where you are able to be the best version of yourself.
Hello and welcome; my name is Heather Thomas, and I am a licensed marriage and family therapist. I've been working with individuals, families, and couples for over 10 years, helping them find the solutions within themselves, learn to emotionally regulate despite what is going on around them, learn to manage distress and to problem-solve. My goal is to help you create a life that is worth living and one where you are able to be the best version of yourself.
(916) 659-7587 View (916) 659-7587
Photo of Joann Yang, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Joann Yang
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Rancho Cordova, CA 95742  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Welcome to the first step of your next journey! I look forward to being a part of it with you. It takes courage for anyone to acknowledge they need help, and I am so happy you are here, open to the idea of therapy, and advocating for your happiness. In therapy, we will work together to navigate life's challenges. I will meet you where you are at, listen with understanding and compassion, and work with you to problem-solve and effectively create change for the future. You are here for a reason-to find answers and clarity. Let me help you find it.
Welcome to the first step of your next journey! I look forward to being a part of it with you. It takes courage for anyone to acknowledge they need help, and I am so happy you are here, open to the idea of therapy, and advocating for your happiness. In therapy, we will work together to navigate life's challenges. I will meet you where you are at, listen with understanding and compassion, and work with you to problem-solve and effectively create change for the future. You are here for a reason-to find answers and clarity. Let me help you find it.
(714) 888-6683 View (714) 888-6683
Photo of Madison Greenwood, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Madison Greenwood
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Rancho Cordova, CA 95670
I believe in your capacity to heal, I strive to create a space filled with compassion and grace. I specialize in Brainspotting, which is a powerful therapy that can help clients with a variety of issues. Clients seeking relief from depression, anxiety, PTDS, Trauma, or need a place to go to share life’s stressors with, this is the place for you. Clients who are ready to dive into their work and reach the root cause of their pain will be met with openness and a nonjudgmental environment. I believe in the client lead approach to therapy, where you get to be empowered and find your own inner strength.
I believe in your capacity to heal, I strive to create a space filled with compassion and grace. I specialize in Brainspotting, which is a powerful therapy that can help clients with a variety of issues. Clients seeking relief from depression, anxiety, PTDS, Trauma, or need a place to go to share life’s stressors with, this is the place for you. Clients who are ready to dive into their work and reach the root cause of their pain will be met with openness and a nonjudgmental environment. I believe in the client lead approach to therapy, where you get to be empowered and find your own inner strength.
(530) 288-4816 View (530) 288-4816
Photo of John Brown, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
John Brown
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Rancho Cordova, CA 95670
My name is John W Brown. I'm a licensed clinical social worker with over 12 years of experience. I see individuals dealing with multiple issues including anxiety, depression, managing difficult medical diagnoses, role loss, and life transitions. I have several years of experience working in oncology, HIV/AIDS, and with members of the LGBTQ community. I utilize techniques from several modalities including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Problem Solving techniques, and Supportive Therapy. My role is to help you tap back into your own inner wisdom to move through challenges and thrive.
My name is John W Brown. I'm a licensed clinical social worker with over 12 years of experience. I see individuals dealing with multiple issues including anxiety, depression, managing difficult medical diagnoses, role loss, and life transitions. I have several years of experience working in oncology, HIV/AIDS, and with members of the LGBTQ community. I utilize techniques from several modalities including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Problem Solving techniques, and Supportive Therapy. My role is to help you tap back into your own inner wisdom to move through challenges and thrive.
(916) 602-3937 View (916) 602-3937
Photo of Danielle McGuire, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Danielle McGuire
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Rancho Cordova, CA 95670
Dani McGuire is a devoted LMFT specializing in children, teens, families, and individuals. She is driven by a profound commitment to empowering each client. With expertise in navigating the unique challenges of various life stages, she provides tailored therapeutic interventions based on the needs of each client to promote resilience and growth. My approach to therapy is client-centered by providing tailored therapeutic interventions based on the needs of each client to promote resilience and growth.
Dani McGuire is a devoted LMFT specializing in children, teens, families, and individuals. She is driven by a profound commitment to empowering each client. With expertise in navigating the unique challenges of various life stages, she provides tailored therapeutic interventions based on the needs of each client to promote resilience and growth. My approach to therapy is client-centered by providing tailored therapeutic interventions based on the needs of each client to promote resilience and growth.
(916) 623-7301 View (916) 623-7301
Photo of Justin Leazenby - HEAR Psychotherapy, Psychologist
HEAR Psychotherapy
Psychologist
Verified Verified
Rancho Cordova, CA 95742  (Online Only)
Be Here, Be Heard at HEAR Psychotherapy. If you suffer from anxiety, depression, or any other mental health issue, you are not alone. The unique stressors in the modern world have led to an increased prevalence of mental health challenges, but HEAR Psychotherapy can help. Our scientifically-supported approach, along with care and compassion, come together to create a supportive environment where you can see positive growth. Reach out to us today to take your first step toward recovery.
Be Here, Be Heard at HEAR Psychotherapy. If you suffer from anxiety, depression, or any other mental health issue, you are not alone. The unique stressors in the modern world have led to an increased prevalence of mental health challenges, but HEAR Psychotherapy can help. Our scientifically-supported approach, along with care and compassion, come together to create a supportive environment where you can see positive growth. Reach out to us today to take your first step toward recovery.
(916) 756-9164 View (916) 756-9164
Photo of Nicholas Davis, LPCC, Counselor
Nicholas Davis
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Rancho Cordova, CA 95670
Hello! I'm Nick Davis, a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor (LPCC), based in San Diego, California working with clients throughout California via telehealth. I work primarily with adolescents and young adults and specialize in a variety of areas including but not limited to depression, anxiety, trauma, impulsivity, and suicidal ideation. I typically work with adolescents and young adults dealing with a variety of relational and transitional concerns. This most typically manifests in the form of anxiety, depression, self-esteem issues, interpersonal conflicts within relationships, suicidal thoughts, and self-harming urges.
Hello! I'm Nick Davis, a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor (LPCC), based in San Diego, California working with clients throughout California via telehealth. I work primarily with adolescents and young adults and specialize in a variety of areas including but not limited to depression, anxiety, trauma, impulsivity, and suicidal ideation. I typically work with adolescents and young adults dealing with a variety of relational and transitional concerns. This most typically manifests in the form of anxiety, depression, self-esteem issues, interpersonal conflicts within relationships, suicidal thoughts, and self-harming urges.
(916) 527-9532 View (916) 527-9532
Photo of Andrew Caldwell, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Andrew Caldwell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Rancho Cordova, CA 95670
My name is Drew Caldwell and I have a clinical background in treating high acuity mental health disorders that include anxiety, depression, PTSD, substance, mood, and personality disorders. I have extensive experience working in foster care agencies and community outpatient clinics. My therapeutic approach is rooted in a humanistic perspective utilizing cognitive and dialectical behavior modalities with an emphasis on mindfulness-based stress reduction and holistic nutrition. I am eager to work with clients who are self-aware and are in need of a therapeutic connection.
My name is Drew Caldwell and I have a clinical background in treating high acuity mental health disorders that include anxiety, depression, PTSD, substance, mood, and personality disorders. I have extensive experience working in foster care agencies and community outpatient clinics. My therapeutic approach is rooted in a humanistic perspective utilizing cognitive and dialectical behavior modalities with an emphasis on mindfulness-based stress reduction and holistic nutrition. I am eager to work with clients who are self-aware and are in need of a therapeutic connection.
(916) 665-0857 View (916) 665-0857
Photo of Mark Ettensohn, PsyD, Psychologist
Mark Ettensohn
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Rancho Cordova, CA 95670  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I specialize in treating vulnerable narcissistic issues that involve low self-esteem, illness anxiety, depressive thoughts and feelings, emotional conflict, self-defeating behaviors, anxiety, alienation, and difficulties with trust.
I specialize in treating vulnerable narcissistic issues that involve low self-esteem, illness anxiety, depressive thoughts and feelings, emotional conflict, self-defeating behaviors, anxiety, alienation, and difficulties with trust.
(916) 438-9012 View (916) 438-9012
Photo of Cristina R Kosakowski, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Cristina R Kosakowski
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Rancho Cordova, CA 95742  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Are you at a point in your life where you are feeling in need of judgement free support and guidance to increase your quality of life? Are those around you suggesting you seek outside support? Are you struggling with sudden changes, transitions, obstacles? Have you experienced difficult events that are making it hard to be the best version of you? Do you need support around parenting, relationships, your career, or managing symptoms that are affecting these areas of your life? Is your child having challenging emotions? You have taken a great first step towards healing. Finding a therapist you can trust and connect with is critical.
Are you at a point in your life where you are feeling in need of judgement free support and guidance to increase your quality of life? Are those around you suggesting you seek outside support? Are you struggling with sudden changes, transitions, obstacles? Have you experienced difficult events that are making it hard to be the best version of you? Do you need support around parenting, relationships, your career, or managing symptoms that are affecting these areas of your life? Is your child having challenging emotions? You have taken a great first step towards healing. Finding a therapist you can trust and connect with is critical.
(916) 252-4094 View (916) 252-4094

See more therapy options for Rancho Cordova

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Rancho Cordova, CA

70+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Rancho Cordova, CA who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
92% Depression
73% Coping Skills
70% Stress
69% Relationship Issues
68% Trauma and PTSD
68% Self Esteem

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

75% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
74% Aetna
74% Optum

How Therapists in Rancho Cordova, CA see their clients

71% In Person and Online
29% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Rancho Cordova?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.