Therapists in Sacramento, CA

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Photo of Annisa Exline, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Annisa Exline
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95814  (Online Only)
Over the past several years, my focus has been on completing comprehensive and advanced training in working with the perinatal population, women who have transitioned to motherhood, as well as women who have experienced perinatal grief and loss. I am passionate about providing a safe, supportive, and nonjudgmental space for women and mothers, and their families. Therapy can be a vulnerable and unique process, and I strive to create a safe and supportive space throughout this process that fosters each person's desired healing and growth.
Over the past several years, my focus has been on completing comprehensive and advanced training in working with the perinatal population, women who have transitioned to motherhood, as well as women who have experienced perinatal grief and loss. I am passionate about providing a safe, supportive, and nonjudgmental space for women and mothers, and their families. Therapy can be a vulnerable and unique process, and I strive to create a safe and supportive space throughout this process that fosters each person's desired healing and growth.
(310) 448-1638 View (310) 448-1638
Photo of Marcia Greene, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Marcia Greene
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95814  (Online Only)
I'm an integrative therapist, which means that I draw from several different psychotherapy orientations. My work is informed by modalities including ACT (Acceptance and Commitment Therapy), CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy), IFS (Internal Family Systems), Hakomi (a mind-body approach), Gestalt and mindfulness practices. I tailor sessions to the particular needs and goals of each individual. This flexible approach helps reveal the dynamics that are unique to your situation which may be creating obstacles to living your best life. Together, we identify these obstacles, assess their impact and resolve them directly.
I'm an integrative therapist, which means that I draw from several different psychotherapy orientations. My work is informed by modalities including ACT (Acceptance and Commitment Therapy), CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy), IFS (Internal Family Systems), Hakomi (a mind-body approach), Gestalt and mindfulness practices. I tailor sessions to the particular needs and goals of each individual. This flexible approach helps reveal the dynamics that are unique to your situation which may be creating obstacles to living your best life. Together, we identify these obstacles, assess their impact and resolve them directly.
(424) 344-5884 View (424) 344-5884
Photo of Jessica Wharton, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Jessica Wharton
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95825
Therapy can provide a safe and supportive environment leading to a journey of healing, self-discovery, and growth regarding past and current life challenges. I am a therapist who is passionate about working with people on a broad spectrum of issues on this journey. My goal is to develop trust by working collaboratively so you can identify and practice new ways to manage stress, emotional difficulties, and overwhelming times. I believe that improving the way we connect with and care for ourselves supports effective communication and more supportive relationships.
Therapy can provide a safe and supportive environment leading to a journey of healing, self-discovery, and growth regarding past and current life challenges. I am a therapist who is passionate about working with people on a broad spectrum of issues on this journey. My goal is to develop trust by working collaboratively so you can identify and practice new ways to manage stress, emotional difficulties, and overwhelming times. I believe that improving the way we connect with and care for ourselves supports effective communication and more supportive relationships.
(916) 571-1331 View (916) 571-1331
Photo of Maria Curameng Teresi, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Maria Curameng Teresi
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95821  (Online Only)
Maria Curameng Teresi is a licensed marriage, family and child therapist, and has worked in mental health and behavioral health since 2004. She works with people who have been abused and experienced different types of trauma. She helps her clients reduce the effects of trauma including anxiety, depression, stress, starting and completing tasks, and struggles with relationships, with career goals, with life changes and with managing mood changes. She supports her clients to reach their life goals and live their lives in healthy, productive and effective ways that is unique to her individual clients.
Maria Curameng Teresi is a licensed marriage, family and child therapist, and has worked in mental health and behavioral health since 2004. She works with people who have been abused and experienced different types of trauma. She helps her clients reduce the effects of trauma including anxiety, depression, stress, starting and completing tasks, and struggles with relationships, with career goals, with life changes and with managing mood changes. She supports her clients to reach their life goals and live their lives in healthy, productive and effective ways that is unique to her individual clients.
(916) 571-0913 View (916) 571-0913
Photo of Mary Valtierra, PhD, Psychologist
Mary Valtierra
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95825
I believe that each of us feels most alive and fulfilled when actively pursuing the genuine expression of one's self. My role as therapist is to assist you in attaining this expression. Many symptoms such as depression, anxiety or self-destructiveness, arise when one is not acting in accordance with one's authentic self. Therapy will help identify what blocks this self-expression and gently challenge you toward greater self knowledge. We'll work together to identify your unique path toward self realization.
I believe that each of us feels most alive and fulfilled when actively pursuing the genuine expression of one's self. My role as therapist is to assist you in attaining this expression. Many symptoms such as depression, anxiety or self-destructiveness, arise when one is not acting in accordance with one's authentic self. Therapy will help identify what blocks this self-expression and gently challenge you toward greater self knowledge. We'll work together to identify your unique path toward self realization.
(916) 226-4579 View (916) 226-4579
Photo of Margaret Greenough, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Margaret Greenough
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95816  (Online Only)
Most of us have goals we want to accomplish. Sometimes, we lose sight of these goals and seek a compass with which to guide ourselves. I strongly believe my task is to provide a safe place for you to do the work to achieve your goals. I've also become passionate about working with clients as they move from one stage of life to another. I believe a key to happiness is mindful connection to self, others, spirituality, the community, and the world. I provide feedback.
Most of us have goals we want to accomplish. Sometimes, we lose sight of these goals and seek a compass with which to guide ourselves. I strongly believe my task is to provide a safe place for you to do the work to achieve your goals. I've also become passionate about working with clients as they move from one stage of life to another. I believe a key to happiness is mindful connection to self, others, spirituality, the community, and the world. I provide feedback.
(916) 459-4457 View (916) 459-4457
Photo of Lindsey Larrimore, MA, AMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Lindsey Larrimore
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95822
Now accepting online appointments! Having a trusted therapist in your corner can make a huge difference in your well-being and overall quality of life. I work with teens and adults who are struggling with stress, depression, anxiety, grief, and trauma related to relationship conflicts, family issues, and life transitions. I also work with families and couples using Gottman and Imago techniques to improve communication and strengthen bonds. I look forward to providing a tailored approach and a nurturing space to help you heal the past, reclaim your present, and envision your brighter, healthier future.
Now accepting online appointments! Having a trusted therapist in your corner can make a huge difference in your well-being and overall quality of life. I work with teens and adults who are struggling with stress, depression, anxiety, grief, and trauma related to relationship conflicts, family issues, and life transitions. I also work with families and couples using Gottman and Imago techniques to improve communication and strengthen bonds. I look forward to providing a tailored approach and a nurturing space to help you heal the past, reclaim your present, and envision your brighter, healthier future.
(916) 587-4574 View (916) 587-4574
Photo of Maria Elena Perez, MA, LMFT, RN, BSN, Marriage & Family Therapist
Maria Elena Perez
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, RN, BSN
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95816
Waitlist for new clients
Sometimes, on our journeys in life, we reach obstacles that seem impossible to overcome. It is at these times, that we need a little help in finding a new direction or way of coping. I would be honored to walk with you on your journey and help you develop new skills/thoughts that can help you have a fuller, healthier, and more positive life. I can help you get a better sense of yourself and find strengths from within. I enjoy working with young children, school-aged children, teens, young adults, adults, couples, the elderly and families.
Sometimes, on our journeys in life, we reach obstacles that seem impossible to overcome. It is at these times, that we need a little help in finding a new direction or way of coping. I would be honored to walk with you on your journey and help you develop new skills/thoughts that can help you have a fuller, healthier, and more positive life. I can help you get a better sense of yourself and find strengths from within. I enjoy working with young children, school-aged children, teens, young adults, adults, couples, the elderly and families.
(916) 226-5092 View (916) 226-5092
Photo of Shacunda Rodgers, PhD, Psychologist
Shacunda Rodgers
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95831
Not accepting new clients
Once we get caught in the middle of some kind of struggle, it can be difficult to find the way out. The strategies that we once used to cope don't work anymore, and we need a little help learning a new way. That's exactly what I'm here for. I firmly believe that no one should have to suffer alone, and I value the opportunity to walk with people through their challenges. What's even better is seeing people get to the other side of their pain, having gained a greater sense of empowerment during the journey.
Once we get caught in the middle of some kind of struggle, it can be difficult to find the way out. The strategies that we once used to cope don't work anymore, and we need a little help learning a new way. That's exactly what I'm here for. I firmly believe that no one should have to suffer alone, and I value the opportunity to walk with people through their challenges. What's even better is seeing people get to the other side of their pain, having gained a greater sense of empowerment during the journey.
(916) 756-3022 View (916) 756-3022
Photo of Smitha Kashi, MS, Pre-Licensed Professional
Smitha Kashi
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95816
I specialize in working with children, teens and adults who experience anxiety, depression, LGBTQ+ struggles, trauma, self-esteem issues, and interpersonal conflicts using an integrated, strengths based approach. We all experience a variety of emotions as we go through our lives. As your therapist we will work together to process and understand the emotions you experience. I work with clients to create a safe and comfortable environment where people can understand their strengths, work on creating boundaries, process trauma, and gain clarity on their experiences while keeping your various identities at the core of our work together.
I specialize in working with children, teens and adults who experience anxiety, depression, LGBTQ+ struggles, trauma, self-esteem issues, and interpersonal conflicts using an integrated, strengths based approach. We all experience a variety of emotions as we go through our lives. As your therapist we will work together to process and understand the emotions you experience. I work with clients to create a safe and comfortable environment where people can understand their strengths, work on creating boundaries, process trauma, and gain clarity on their experiences while keeping your various identities at the core of our work together.
(916) 665-0442 View (916) 665-0442
Photo of Charisse Brass, MA, AMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Charisse Brass
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95816
Waitlist for new clients
Life can be overwhelming. Between endless responsibilities and expectations, there is no space for YOU. For the things you truly value, for the things that bring you genuine joy and a sense of meaning. If you find yourself just going through the motions each day and wanting to build a deeper sense of meaning and connection in your life, I can help with that. I support adult individuals and couples at Sacramento's leading relationship-focused therapy center. Visit www.lovehealgrow.com today to schedule or learn more!
Life can be overwhelming. Between endless responsibilities and expectations, there is no space for YOU. For the things you truly value, for the things that bring you genuine joy and a sense of meaning. If you find yourself just going through the motions each day and wanting to build a deeper sense of meaning and connection in your life, I can help with that. I support adult individuals and couples at Sacramento's leading relationship-focused therapy center. Visit www.lovehealgrow.com today to schedule or learn more!
(916) 502-9836 View (916) 502-9836
Photo of Kamal Ahmed, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Kamal Ahmed
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95843  (Online Only)
Hello, I specialize in working with the following: Teen/Young Adult Issues- I help teens/young adults learn valuable skills that help them make sense of their thoughts, feelings, and values; this helps them be better equipped and empowered to make better decisions in their relationships, school, and work. Counseling with me can help teens and young adults build their confidence, bounce back from setbacks, focus on their goals, manage stress, and have healthy relationships.
Hello, I specialize in working with the following: Teen/Young Adult Issues- I help teens/young adults learn valuable skills that help them make sense of their thoughts, feelings, and values; this helps them be better equipped and empowered to make better decisions in their relationships, school, and work. Counseling with me can help teens and young adults build their confidence, bounce back from setbacks, focus on their goals, manage stress, and have healthy relationships.
(510) 674-0481 View (510) 674-0481
Photo of Bojana Pandurevic, MS, MFT, RTT, CHT
Bojana Pandurevic
MS, MFT, RTT, CHT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95816
My focus is on working with youth and adults who carry unique emotional and psychological sensitivities. My style, that embodies more of humanistic and holistic approaches, has proven to be very effective with individuals who are connected to spiritual or creative energies; individuals such as artists, healers and LGBTQ, who struggle with self acceptance, self esteem, anxiety and depression. My aim is to help you find and acknowledge all parts of yourself, heal and embrace them all, in order to create a complete and wholesome you.
My focus is on working with youth and adults who carry unique emotional and psychological sensitivities. My style, that embodies more of humanistic and holistic approaches, has proven to be very effective with individuals who are connected to spiritual or creative energies; individuals such as artists, healers and LGBTQ, who struggle with self acceptance, self esteem, anxiety and depression. My aim is to help you find and acknowledge all parts of yourself, heal and embrace them all, in order to create a complete and wholesome you.
(530) 461-5019 View (530) 461-5019
Photo of Natalia Manzary, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Natalia Manzary
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95814  (Online Only)
My primary goal is to cultivate a space where clients feel not only comfortable but fully supported. This is achieved through reinforcing the therapeutic relationship and the provision of nonjudgmental insights. Clients can expect a unique strength-focused approach that prioritizes the identification and utilization of their strengths. This approach goes beyond individual strengths, extending its reach to include social and community networks, and nurturing a holistic and multidisciplinary outlook. Together, we work to promote the well-being of this person, focusing on their inherent strengths rather than dwelling on deficits.
My primary goal is to cultivate a space where clients feel not only comfortable but fully supported. This is achieved through reinforcing the therapeutic relationship and the provision of nonjudgmental insights. Clients can expect a unique strength-focused approach that prioritizes the identification and utilization of their strengths. This approach goes beyond individual strengths, extending its reach to include social and community networks, and nurturing a holistic and multidisciplinary outlook. Together, we work to promote the well-being of this person, focusing on their inherent strengths rather than dwelling on deficits.
(916) 299-9012 View (916) 299-9012
Photo of Nicola Simmersbach, PsyD, LMFT, LPCC, Marriage & Family Therapist
Nicola Simmersbach
Marriage & Family Therapist, PsyD, LMFT, LPCC
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95825
Feeling overwhelmed by modern life? Struggling to balance work, relationships, and well-being? Anxiety wearing you out? I specialize in helping individuals navigate today's challenges. Offering confidential support, we'll address stressors, build resilience, and find clarity. Invest in your well-being and happiness. Take the first step towards a more balanced life. Reach out now.
Feeling overwhelmed by modern life? Struggling to balance work, relationships, and well-being? Anxiety wearing you out? I specialize in helping individuals navigate today's challenges. Offering confidential support, we'll address stressors, build resilience, and find clarity. Invest in your well-being and happiness. Take the first step towards a more balanced life. Reach out now.
(916) 233-1760 View (916) 233-1760
Photo of Kristina Boswell, Marriage & Family Therapist
Kristina Boswell
Marriage & Family Therapist
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95825
Works with: adults, children, couples, autism, adoption and infertility, chronic pain and illness, and is trained in EMDR.
Works with: adults, children, couples, autism, adoption and infertility, chronic pain and illness, and is trained in EMDR.
(916) 313-2861 View (916) 313-2861
Photo of undefined - Resiliency In Life, MA
Resiliency In Life
MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95814  (Online Only)
Where transformation begins and dreams take flight. As a seasoned life and career coach, I am here to guide you through every twist and turn of your personal and professional journey. With two decades of experience illuminating pathways to success, I specialize in empowering individuals to unlock their full potential and achieve their deepest aspirations. In a world filled with transitions and challenges, I offer a beacon of support grounded in empathy and authenticity. Whether you're navigating career shifts, life changes, or seeking personal growth, I provide a safe and nurturing environment for exploration and discovery.
Where transformation begins and dreams take flight. As a seasoned life and career coach, I am here to guide you through every twist and turn of your personal and professional journey. With two decades of experience illuminating pathways to success, I specialize in empowering individuals to unlock their full potential and achieve their deepest aspirations. In a world filled with transitions and challenges, I offer a beacon of support grounded in empathy and authenticity. Whether you're navigating career shifts, life changes, or seeking personal growth, I provide a safe and nurturing environment for exploration and discovery.
(279) 972-8748 View (279) 972-8748
Photo of Martha Greenburg, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Martha Greenburg
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95816
Are you tired of your life revolving around what you've eaten or what you weigh? Many of my clients are tired of feeling like food, exercise, and weight dictate their happiness. Learn more about how I support clients in finding intuitive eating, body neutrality and body trust on my website. I also specialize in couples struggling with communication, trust, and sex - creating empathy and connection between partners using the Gottman method to rekindle emotional & physical intimacy in relationships. Couples can do regular sessions, or a weekend away for a 3-day intensive to support marriages in crisis or couples wanting quick results!
Are you tired of your life revolving around what you've eaten or what you weigh? Many of my clients are tired of feeling like food, exercise, and weight dictate their happiness. Learn more about how I support clients in finding intuitive eating, body neutrality and body trust on my website. I also specialize in couples struggling with communication, trust, and sex - creating empathy and connection between partners using the Gottman method to rekindle emotional & physical intimacy in relationships. Couples can do regular sessions, or a weekend away for a 3-day intensive to support marriages in crisis or couples wanting quick results!
(530) 489-4990 View (530) 489-4990
Photo of undefined - The Attach Place, Neurofeedback, KAP, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
The Attach Place, Neurofeedback, KAP
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95826
NEW! We are now providing Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapy! Our mission: We provide expert attachment-based, trauma-informed services to those seeking emotional healing and wellness, lasting relationships, and loving family lives. "Love Matters" in every relationship. We practice therapy that way, too. At the center, we provide attachment therapies to treat individuals, couples, children, and families, with a specialty focus on adoption, relationships, and trauma recovery. We practice Internal Family Systems, EMDR, Flash Tech, Emotionally Focused Therapy, Theraplay, Dyadic Psychotherapy, Therapeutic Parenting, and Neurofeedback.
NEW! We are now providing Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapy! Our mission: We provide expert attachment-based, trauma-informed services to those seeking emotional healing and wellness, lasting relationships, and loving family lives. "Love Matters" in every relationship. We practice therapy that way, too. At the center, we provide attachment therapies to treat individuals, couples, children, and families, with a specialty focus on adoption, relationships, and trauma recovery. We practice Internal Family Systems, EMDR, Flash Tech, Emotionally Focused Therapy, Theraplay, Dyadic Psychotherapy, Therapeutic Parenting, and Neurofeedback.
(916) 269-3522 View (916) 269-3522
Photo of Bethany Coburn, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Bethany Coburn
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95864
Womanhood can be joyful, beautiful and also incredibly challenging. Life transitions, career decisions, moving, infertility, pregnancy, parenting, changing body and personal identity, juggling work and family responsibilities may lead us to feeling anxious, overwhelmed, lonely, lost or stuck.
Womanhood can be joyful, beautiful and also incredibly challenging. Life transitions, career decisions, moving, infertility, pregnancy, parenting, changing body and personal identity, juggling work and family responsibilities may lead us to feeling anxious, overwhelmed, lonely, lost or stuck.
(916) 439-8295 View (916) 439-8295

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Sacramento, CA

2,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Sacramento, CA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
86% Depression
71% Relationship Issues
69% Self Esteem
67% Stress
65% Trauma and PTSD
65% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

71% Aetna
64% Cigna and Evernorth
60% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Sacramento, CA see their clients

65% In Person and Online
35% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Sacramento?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.