Therapists in South Bend, IN

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Photo of Neil L Gilbert - Neil Gilbert Counseling & Healing, MA, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Neil Gilbert Counseling & Healing
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
South Bend, IN 46616
I work from the Heart Center with a deep sense of caring and compassion for the highest good of my clients. In over 30 years of practice, I have been fortunate to have received excellent training in psycho-spiritual development, family systems therapy, NLP, and energy healing. I aim to help clients to strengthen self-reliance, combining both a psycho-spiritual and outcome oriented perspective, exploring current challenges as well as deeper issues that may have lingered.
I work from the Heart Center with a deep sense of caring and compassion for the highest good of my clients. In over 30 years of practice, I have been fortunate to have received excellent training in psycho-spiritual development, family systems therapy, NLP, and energy healing. I aim to help clients to strengthen self-reliance, combining both a psycho-spiritual and outcome oriented perspective, exploring current challenges as well as deeper issues that may have lingered.
(574) 216-3914 View (574) 216-3914
Photo of Janee Carlile, LMHCA, NCC, Counselor
Janee Carlile
Counselor, LMHCA, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
South Bend, IN 46617
Maybe this is your first time pursuing counseling or you just haven’t met the right counselor who “gets you.” Do you feel stuck? You know there has to be a different way, but are you unsure how to get there? Do you feel alone and isolated? Maybe you lack motivation and you notice it's impacting your day-to-day life. I take a client-centered, relational, approach ensuring that your unique needs and goals take the spotlight. My client's can expect trauma informed and culturally sensitive care. My goal is to create a space where you can be your authentic self without judgment or fear.
Maybe this is your first time pursuing counseling or you just haven’t met the right counselor who “gets you.” Do you feel stuck? You know there has to be a different way, but are you unsure how to get there? Do you feel alone and isolated? Maybe you lack motivation and you notice it's impacting your day-to-day life. I take a client-centered, relational, approach ensuring that your unique needs and goals take the spotlight. My client's can expect trauma informed and culturally sensitive care. My goal is to create a space where you can be your authentic self without judgment or fear.
(574) 766-7461 View (574) 766-7461
Photo of Maria C Guarraci, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Maria C Guarraci
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
South Bend, IN 46617
Accepting new clients, in-person in South Bend or via telehealth anywhere in the state of Indiana. June 2024 availability. Online scheduling is available through my website. I specialize in individual therapy with adults and young adults. If you are an overthinker, a perfectionist, a people-pleaser, feel overwhelmed with the uncertainty of the future, or are burdened with a near-constant level of anxiety, let's talk. I use a Solution-Focused Brief Therapy approach which means that we will be spending less time talking about the history of problems in your life, and more time building solutions for the present and future.
Accepting new clients, in-person in South Bend or via telehealth anywhere in the state of Indiana. June 2024 availability. Online scheduling is available through my website. I specialize in individual therapy with adults and young adults. If you are an overthinker, a perfectionist, a people-pleaser, feel overwhelmed with the uncertainty of the future, or are burdened with a near-constant level of anxiety, let's talk. I use a Solution-Focused Brief Therapy approach which means that we will be spending less time talking about the history of problems in your life, and more time building solutions for the present and future.
(574) 807-6624 View (574) 807-6624
Photo of Angie Mills, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Angie Mills
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
South Bend, IN 46617
ACCEPTING ONLY A LIMITED NUMBER OF PATIENTS AT THIS TIME. We all deserve a second chance. We can learn from our past mistakes and create a new way of life that includes healthier relationships and liking the person you are. Finding the right therapist is just the beginning of this process. I want you to know that you will not be alone in this journey. Whatever issue brings you to my office, we will work through it together. I provide a supportive, non-judgmental environment where you can just be yourself.
ACCEPTING ONLY A LIMITED NUMBER OF PATIENTS AT THIS TIME. We all deserve a second chance. We can learn from our past mistakes and create a new way of life that includes healthier relationships and liking the person you are. Finding the right therapist is just the beginning of this process. I want you to know that you will not be alone in this journey. Whatever issue brings you to my office, we will work through it together. I provide a supportive, non-judgmental environment where you can just be yourself.
(574) 622-8169 View (574) 622-8169
Photo of Adriaka Jackson, LMHC, Counselor
Adriaka Jackson
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
South Bend, IN 46617  (Online Only)
Do you feel that you have lost yourself in the day-to-day routine of life? Are you feeling overwhelmed and as if the challenges of life itself are consuming the you that you desire to be? Do you desire to take control of your life and restore balance? I assist individuals with effectively managing anxiety, stress, anger, depression, and addiction. I believe that you are the expert of your story and that you have many strengths to overcome the things in life that challenge you. Together, we can identify what's not working and get you back to a healthy balance.
Do you feel that you have lost yourself in the day-to-day routine of life? Are you feeling overwhelmed and as if the challenges of life itself are consuming the you that you desire to be? Do you desire to take control of your life and restore balance? I assist individuals with effectively managing anxiety, stress, anger, depression, and addiction. I believe that you are the expert of your story and that you have many strengths to overcome the things in life that challenge you. Together, we can identify what's not working and get you back to a healthy balance.
(574) 891-5940 View (574) 891-5940
Photo of Brandy Miller, LMHC, Counselor
Brandy Miller
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
South Bend, IN 46637  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
When life becomes challenging, when self-care seems challenging, or when stress and struggles seem overwhelming or paralyzing, I want you to know that you are not alone. You are stronger than you realize. You can discover (or rediscover) your “authentic self” even when it seems impossible or unsurmountable. I am here to help. Together, we will explore your authentic self needs and how to achieve it in mind, body and spirit. I’m here to guide, educate, and empower you. My treatment approach is one of curiosity and compassion so that during our sessions, you are free to slow down and safely practice mindfulness and self-care.
When life becomes challenging, when self-care seems challenging, or when stress and struggles seem overwhelming or paralyzing, I want you to know that you are not alone. You are stronger than you realize. You can discover (or rediscover) your “authentic self” even when it seems impossible or unsurmountable. I am here to help. Together, we will explore your authentic self needs and how to achieve it in mind, body and spirit. I’m here to guide, educate, and empower you. My treatment approach is one of curiosity and compassion so that during our sessions, you are free to slow down and safely practice mindfulness and self-care.
(317) 900-4121 View (317) 900-4121
Photo of Lauren Wertz, MSW, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lauren Wertz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
South Bend, IN 46617
Feeling stuck and unsure how to make change? Battling depression or anxiety? Struggling due to putting everyone else first instead of yourself? Dealing with work burnout?
Feeling stuck and unsure how to make change? Battling depression or anxiety? Struggling due to putting everyone else first instead of yourself? Dealing with work burnout?
(574) 891-5475 View (574) 891-5475
Photo of Sandra J Carmichael, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sandra J Carmichael
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
South Bend, IN 46601
My approach to therapy starts with providing you a welcoming, safe and supportive atmosphere where you will have the opportunity to talk about your concerns. I am compassionate and caring, and I invite my clients to see the best in themselves and in others. I use an integrative approach drawing upon my training in family systems and cognitive/behavioral therapies, selecting what will be most helpful for each individual, couple or family. I see my role to be that of supporter, teacher, coach, guide, listening ear, and sounding board.
My approach to therapy starts with providing you a welcoming, safe and supportive atmosphere where you will have the opportunity to talk about your concerns. I am compassionate and caring, and I invite my clients to see the best in themselves and in others. I use an integrative approach drawing upon my training in family systems and cognitive/behavioral therapies, selecting what will be most helpful for each individual, couple or family. I see my role to be that of supporter, teacher, coach, guide, listening ear, and sounding board.
(574) 230-0372 View (574) 230-0372
Photo of Kate Uitti - Kate Uitti, LCSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kate Uitti, LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
South Bend, IN 46635
In my practice, I am privileged to hold space and provide support through women's health and mental health experiences, including perinatal wellness (pregnancy, birth, and postpartum), attachment and relationship concerns including marital and caregiving, change and adjustment, grief and loss, and trauma.
In my practice, I am privileged to hold space and provide support through women's health and mental health experiences, including perinatal wellness (pregnancy, birth, and postpartum), attachment and relationship concerns including marital and caregiving, change and adjustment, grief and loss, and trauma.
(574) 498-7840 View (574) 498-7840
Photo of Mary R Wood, PhD, LMHC, Counselor
Mary R Wood
Counselor, PhD, LMHC
Verified Verified
South Bend, IN 46637
Everyone wants to be happy. If you are unhappy in your life or in your relationships, there are things you can do that make a difference. I work with individuals, couples, parents and children with fear, anxiety, depression, adjustment to divorce or death, and with those who want to make the relationships work! Evening appointments available.
Everyone wants to be happy. If you are unhappy in your life or in your relationships, there are things you can do that make a difference. I work with individuals, couples, parents and children with fear, anxiety, depression, adjustment to divorce or death, and with those who want to make the relationships work! Evening appointments available.
(574) 607-4806 View (574) 607-4806
Photo of Karissa Morelock, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Karissa Morelock
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
South Bend, IN 46615  (Online Only)
Life can be hard, messy, and complicated but can also be filled with joy, peace, and true connection with others. We all go through struggles and challenges in our lives and sometimes we just need someone to walk alongside us during the journey. I enjoy working with individuals to elicit the change necessary to heal, grow, and live more fulfilled lives. I would be honored to walk alongside and be that person for you.
Life can be hard, messy, and complicated but can also be filled with joy, peace, and true connection with others. We all go through struggles and challenges in our lives and sometimes we just need someone to walk alongside us during the journey. I enjoy working with individuals to elicit the change necessary to heal, grow, and live more fulfilled lives. I would be honored to walk alongside and be that person for you.
(574) 318-3412 View (574) 318-3412
Photo of Heather Blackford, MA, LMHC, Counselor
Heather Blackford
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
South Bend, IN 46617
*Both teletherapy and in-person visits offered* I focus mainly on Eating Disorder treatment, and I always have a heart for healing the relationship with food and your body. I also enjoy working with couples and families to repair difficult or hurtful relationships with those you love. I view my clients not as hopeless or crazy, but simply as genuine people going through a rough time in their life, who need a little help finding their path. With patience and understanding, I can help you find yours too, using an Adlerian framework and teaching skills grounded in Dialectical Behavior Therapy.
*Both teletherapy and in-person visits offered* I focus mainly on Eating Disorder treatment, and I always have a heart for healing the relationship with food and your body. I also enjoy working with couples and families to repair difficult or hurtful relationships with those you love. I view my clients not as hopeless or crazy, but simply as genuine people going through a rough time in their life, who need a little help finding their path. With patience and understanding, I can help you find yours too, using an Adlerian framework and teaching skills grounded in Dialectical Behavior Therapy.
(574) 406-8509 View (574) 406-8509
Photo of Jamye Miller, MSEd, LMHCA, LCACA, Counselor
Jamye Miller
Counselor, MSEd, LMHCA, LCACA
Verified Verified
South Bend, IN 46617
I have been working in the addictions/mental field for 4 years, with a focus on serving those recovering from substance use disorders. My goal is to support and empower individuals in active addiction and those in recovery to achieve their goals in life. Using a person-centered approach, I assist individuals in identifying and growing their unique characteristics into their biggest strengths. Reaching your recovery goals does not have to be lonely! I meet individuals where they are using harm-reduction approaches and by facilitating self-reflection to reduce the harm that substances are having on my clients’ lives.
I have been working in the addictions/mental field for 4 years, with a focus on serving those recovering from substance use disorders. My goal is to support and empower individuals in active addiction and those in recovery to achieve their goals in life. Using a person-centered approach, I assist individuals in identifying and growing their unique characteristics into their biggest strengths. Reaching your recovery goals does not have to be lonely! I meet individuals where they are using harm-reduction approaches and by facilitating self-reflection to reduce the harm that substances are having on my clients’ lives.
(574) 622-8900 View (574) 622-8900
Warren W Sibilla Jr
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
South Bend, IN 46601
I have been in practice for 30 years and having earned the Diplomate in Psychoanalysis, I have received the highest level of professional training available in psychotherapy. In addition to providing psychotherapy to children, adolescents, adults, and families, I also teach graduate school, supervise graduate students, and provide expert consultation to the local court systems and Officers of the Court. I also provide outreach services to the community in the form of workshops, contemplative retreats, and various online courses in psychology.
I have been in practice for 30 years and having earned the Diplomate in Psychoanalysis, I have received the highest level of professional training available in psychotherapy. In addition to providing psychotherapy to children, adolescents, adults, and families, I also teach graduate school, supervise graduate students, and provide expert consultation to the local court systems and Officers of the Court. I also provide outreach services to the community in the form of workshops, contemplative retreats, and various online courses in psychology.
(574) 350-2415 View (574) 350-2415
Photo of Barbara K Williams, Masters, Social, Work, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Barbara K Williams
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, Masters, Social, Work
Verified Verified
South Bend, IN 46617
Welcome! I grew up in Walkerton, IN., but lived and studied Social Work in Eastern Kentucky. I worked for a non-profit mental health agency as an advocate for survivors of sexual assault and domestic violence. Upon graduating from the University of Kentucky I became a therapist for a local high school. I believe everyone has experienced some form of trauma in their life and I want to be there to help empower those to live their best life. I have specialized trainings in Motivational Interviewing, Seeking Safety, Nurturing Parents, 123 Magic, and years of training in DV/SA. I am certified in CPR/First Aid.
Welcome! I grew up in Walkerton, IN., but lived and studied Social Work in Eastern Kentucky. I worked for a non-profit mental health agency as an advocate for survivors of sexual assault and domestic violence. Upon graduating from the University of Kentucky I became a therapist for a local high school. I believe everyone has experienced some form of trauma in their life and I want to be there to help empower those to live their best life. I have specialized trainings in Motivational Interviewing, Seeking Safety, Nurturing Parents, 123 Magic, and years of training in DV/SA. I am certified in CPR/First Aid.
(574) 686-7088 View (574) 686-7088
Photo of Jody Lillich Hughes, LCSW, MSEd, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jody Lillich Hughes
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSEd
Verified Verified
South Bend, IN 46601
Waitlist for new clients
Wait list until July 1. Seeing a therapist is as simple as sitting down and talking about what is going on in a safe, confidential and totally non-judgmental setting. My areas of expertise: - children/adolescents (ages 8-18) - adults (ages 18 and up) - family/couples therapy (incl. alternative lifestyle issues) - parenting issues (incl. divorce, step parenting) - anxiety/fear/mood disorders I take most insurance and have sliding-fee scale. "A journey of a thousand miles, I begins with a single step..." Lao Tsu.
Wait list until July 1. Seeing a therapist is as simple as sitting down and talking about what is going on in a safe, confidential and totally non-judgmental setting. My areas of expertise: - children/adolescents (ages 8-18) - adults (ages 18 and up) - family/couples therapy (incl. alternative lifestyle issues) - parenting issues (incl. divorce, step parenting) - anxiety/fear/mood disorders I take most insurance and have sliding-fee scale. "A journey of a thousand miles, I begins with a single step..." Lao Tsu.
(574) 808-4496 View (574) 808-4496
Photo of Raizy Yormark, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Raizy Yormark
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
South Bend, IN 46617
To outsiders, your life seems great. You're capable, reliable, and driven. However, inside, you never feel good enough, and your inner critic points out every fault. You've kept up this act for years, but it's taking a toll, leaving you exhausted, and you know you can't continue living like this. You’re tired of prioritizing others over yourself. It's time for change.
To outsiders, your life seems great. You're capable, reliable, and driven. However, inside, you never feel good enough, and your inner critic points out every fault. You've kept up this act for years, but it's taking a toll, leaving you exhausted, and you know you can't continue living like this. You’re tired of prioritizing others over yourself. It's time for change.
(574) 564-6744 View (574) 564-6744
Photo of Jennifer Grubbs, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jennifer Grubbs
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
South Bend, IN 46637  (Online Only)
Many of our struggles in adulthood have stemmed from responses in childhood. Even in the earliest years of life, we are learning communication styles, coping strategies, and emotional regulation skills. Sometimes what we have learned doesn't serve us as well and comes out in anxiety, anger, depression, or avoidance. In gardening, the unwanted or overgrown parts of a plant must be trimmed back or cut away to allow for growth. Sometimes, we need to do the same in our life. Pruning enhances growth by removing what inhibits us. I’m here to help you remove the unwanted thoughts, behaviors, and habits in order to help you grow!
Many of our struggles in adulthood have stemmed from responses in childhood. Even in the earliest years of life, we are learning communication styles, coping strategies, and emotional regulation skills. Sometimes what we have learned doesn't serve us as well and comes out in anxiety, anger, depression, or avoidance. In gardening, the unwanted or overgrown parts of a plant must be trimmed back or cut away to allow for growth. Sometimes, we need to do the same in our life. Pruning enhances growth by removing what inhibits us. I’m here to help you remove the unwanted thoughts, behaviors, and habits in order to help you grow!
(574) 900-2784 View (574) 900-2784
Photo of Lauren S Cooper, MS, LMHC, Counselor
Lauren S Cooper
Counselor, MS, LMHC
Verified Verified
South Bend, IN 46601  (Online Only)
Book with me now by clicking on my website! Glennon Doyle says, "Be messy and complicated and afraid and show up anyway." It can be really scary to reach out for help when you're feeling stuck, when you're feeling out of control, or when you simply don't like who or what you see in the mirror. This is the part where I humbly invite you to take the leap and be vulnerable. Whether you're a child dealing with behavioral or emotional difficulties, a teen dealing with anxiety or depression, or an adult dealing with the general messiness of life - I am here for you and I believe things can get better.
Book with me now by clicking on my website! Glennon Doyle says, "Be messy and complicated and afraid and show up anyway." It can be really scary to reach out for help when you're feeling stuck, when you're feeling out of control, or when you simply don't like who or what you see in the mirror. This is the part where I humbly invite you to take the leap and be vulnerable. Whether you're a child dealing with behavioral or emotional difficulties, a teen dealing with anxiety or depression, or an adult dealing with the general messiness of life - I am here for you and I believe things can get better.
(574) 727-2339 View (574) 727-2339
Photo of Lisa K. Sexton, MS, LMHC, Counselor
Lisa K. Sexton
Counselor, MS, LMHC
Verified Verified
South Bend, IN 46614  (Online Only)
Many adults feel grief, sadness, guilt, anger and worry. Major events such as diagnosis of chronic illness, divorce, trauma, grief, can contribute to loss of energy and diminished hope for positive change. Even without such dramatic occurrences, depression and anxiety often co-exist. Therapy is a form of self-care, and an opportunity to raise self-awareness that can lead to change. It can provide active listening and non-judgmental regard. Insight into core values can bring clarity, energy and movement toward goals. Mood can improve, decisions can be made with greater confidence, and a feeling of hope can be restored.
Many adults feel grief, sadness, guilt, anger and worry. Major events such as diagnosis of chronic illness, divorce, trauma, grief, can contribute to loss of energy and diminished hope for positive change. Even without such dramatic occurrences, depression and anxiety often co-exist. Therapy is a form of self-care, and an opportunity to raise self-awareness that can lead to change. It can provide active listening and non-judgmental regard. Insight into core values can bring clarity, energy and movement toward goals. Mood can improve, decisions can be made with greater confidence, and a feeling of hope can be restored.
(574) 607-4362 View (574) 607-4362

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in South Bend, IN

200+

Average cost per session

$120

Therapists in South Bend, IN who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
91% Depression
72% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
69% Coping Skills
58% Relationship Issues
58% Grief

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

84% Aetna
79% BlueCross and BlueShield
74% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in South Bend, IN see their clients

56% In Person and Online
44% Online Only

Gender breakdown

84% Female
15% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in South Bend?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.