Therapists in Minnesota

View cities and counties in Minnesota
Photo of Kathleen Hove, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kathleen Hove
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55116  (Online Only)
Therapy provides the powerful opportunity to connect with another person who knows what it's like to experience suffering but who also knows the way through it. It’s easy to feel alone during the painful parts of life such as when others hurt us, we let ourselves down, or plans don’t play out the way we hoped, but the reality is that all of us can relate to these moments because they are part of the human experience. As a fellow human, I can empathize with your suffering. As a therapist, I can help alleviate it with evidence-based treatments tailored to you.
Therapy provides the powerful opportunity to connect with another person who knows what it's like to experience suffering but who also knows the way through it. It’s easy to feel alone during the painful parts of life such as when others hurt us, we let ourselves down, or plans don’t play out the way we hoped, but the reality is that all of us can relate to these moments because they are part of the human experience. As a fellow human, I can empathize with your suffering. As a therapist, I can help alleviate it with evidence-based treatments tailored to you.
(651) 404-2104 View (651) 404-2104
Photo of Jacob Root - Root Counseling Services, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Root Counseling Services
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Winona, MN 55987
I know life can really knock you down at times. I’ve been there! It affects our relationships, school, work, goals and dreams, and can leave us feeling lost. As a Marriage and Family Therapist, I am extensively trained to understand relationship dynamics and the hardships that can affect them. I can help individuals, couples, and families overcome the challenges they face. I can help support, guide, and coach you to learn new ways of relating to yourself, and the people in your life so that you can improve those relationships.
I know life can really knock you down at times. I’ve been there! It affects our relationships, school, work, goals and dreams, and can leave us feeling lost. As a Marriage and Family Therapist, I am extensively trained to understand relationship dynamics and the hardships that can affect them. I can help individuals, couples, and families overcome the challenges they face. I can help support, guide, and coach you to learn new ways of relating to yourself, and the people in your life so that you can improve those relationships.
(507) 204-3980 View (507) 204-3980
Photo of Jessica A Dorzek, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jessica A Dorzek
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Madison Lake, MN 56063  (Online Only)
Are you feeling worn out, anxious, or unable to move from 0-1? What if you could feel more confident, less anxious, and better able to move toward the life you want? I am here to help! I work with clients to manage stressors so that they can improve their overall physical and mental health. Using a direct, compassionate approach, I will work with you to identify issues troubling you and find solutions that help you move toward a happier, healthier life. There's no one-size-fits-all therapy, so I use a variety of methodologies with a little bit of humor and mindfulness thrown in.
Are you feeling worn out, anxious, or unable to move from 0-1? What if you could feel more confident, less anxious, and better able to move toward the life you want? I am here to help! I work with clients to manage stressors so that they can improve their overall physical and mental health. Using a direct, compassionate approach, I will work with you to identify issues troubling you and find solutions that help you move toward a happier, healthier life. There's no one-size-fits-all therapy, so I use a variety of methodologies with a little bit of humor and mindfulness thrown in.
(469) 907-4294 View (469) 907-4294
Photo of Nafiso Hassan Fiqi, MSW, LGSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Nafiso Hassan Fiqi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LGSW
Verified Verified
Apple Valley, MN 55124  (Online Only)
You don't have to face life's difficulties by yourself. With caring assistance and proven therapeutic methods, I'm ready to join you on the path to recovery and positive change. In our collaborative work, we can explore the intricacies of your inner experiences and help you develop the strength to create the life you truly want. My role is to provide a supportive presence and effective strategies so you can heal, grow, and flourish. As a therapist, I am aware of how intimidating it can be to ask for help. My strategy is based on cooperation, respect, and empathy. I offer a secure environment where you are free to explore your ideas
You don't have to face life's difficulties by yourself. With caring assistance and proven therapeutic methods, I'm ready to join you on the path to recovery and positive change. In our collaborative work, we can explore the intricacies of your inner experiences and help you develop the strength to create the life you truly want. My role is to provide a supportive presence and effective strategies so you can heal, grow, and flourish. As a therapist, I am aware of how intimidating it can be to ask for help. My strategy is based on cooperation, respect, and empathy. I offer a secure environment where you are free to explore your ideas
(651) 413-3297 View (651) 413-3297
Photo of Heather Barrett, MA, LADC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Heather Barrett
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, LADC
Verified Verified
Edina, MN 55439
As a therapist, my mission is to provide a supportive and non-judgmental space where clients can explore the issues that have brought them to therapy, ultimately fostering personal growth and healing. My therapeutic philosophy is grounded in the belief that every person has the capacity for change and growth. I view my role as a facilitator, helping clients navigate their inner world and harness their empowerment. Empathy, respect, and authenticity are the cornerstones of my practice. I strive to build a strong therapeutic relationship with my clients, fostering trust and collaboration. I look forward to meeting you!
As a therapist, my mission is to provide a supportive and non-judgmental space where clients can explore the issues that have brought them to therapy, ultimately fostering personal growth and healing. My therapeutic philosophy is grounded in the belief that every person has the capacity for change and growth. I view my role as a facilitator, helping clients navigate their inner world and harness their empowerment. Empathy, respect, and authenticity are the cornerstones of my practice. I strive to build a strong therapeutic relationship with my clients, fostering trust and collaboration. I look forward to meeting you!
(952) 395-4168 View (952) 395-4168
Photo of Monique Brown, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Monique Brown
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Northfield, MN 55057
Movement is important to me. I believe that when we feel stuck and unfulfilled it can interrupt the way we move through our life. I am passionate about teaching individuals. I strive to cheer you on your path to growth and help you learn how to manage challenging life circumstances through improving relationships by reducing anxiety and stress that comes along with this process. My hope is to be your guide by utilizing evidence-based practices to help you manage challenging life circumstances, reduce anxiety and stress, and accept the past so that it doesn’t continue to influence your future.
Movement is important to me. I believe that when we feel stuck and unfulfilled it can interrupt the way we move through our life. I am passionate about teaching individuals. I strive to cheer you on your path to growth and help you learn how to manage challenging life circumstances through improving relationships by reducing anxiety and stress that comes along with this process. My hope is to be your guide by utilizing evidence-based practices to help you manage challenging life circumstances, reduce anxiety and stress, and accept the past so that it doesn’t continue to influence your future.
(507) 410-4091 View (507) 410-4091
Photo of Anna McCourt, MA, LP, Psychologist
Anna McCourt
Psychologist, MA, LP
Verified Verified
Eagan, MN 55122
Not accepting new clients
I believe in the inherent goodness and inner wisdom of people. I see my job as providing an environment that is safe, nurturing and supportive enough for people to discover their own wisdom and learn to tap into it for strength, direction and purpose.
I believe in the inherent goodness and inner wisdom of people. I see my job as providing an environment that is safe, nurturing and supportive enough for people to discover their own wisdom and learn to tap into it for strength, direction and purpose.
(651) 728-7387 View (651) 728-7387
Photo of Leslie Root, LMFT, EMDR, Love-ad, Marriage & Family Therapist
Leslie Root
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, EMDR, Love-ad
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Edina, MN 55435
Sick and tired of being sick and tired? Feeling like your life and relationships are stuck? I want you to know change is possible. Through our work together, we will discover the reasons you continue to struggle, and map out a path to personal recovery. My desire is to help you, your partner, and your family, grow closer, and experience the love, and intimacy that is available to you. The secret to happiness is inside of you, just waiting to be acknowledged. Let me help you embrace emotional freedom by giving you the tools for success in love and life!
Sick and tired of being sick and tired? Feeling like your life and relationships are stuck? I want you to know change is possible. Through our work together, we will discover the reasons you continue to struggle, and map out a path to personal recovery. My desire is to help you, your partner, and your family, grow closer, and experience the love, and intimacy that is available to you. The secret to happiness is inside of you, just waiting to be acknowledged. Let me help you embrace emotional freedom by giving you the tools for success in love and life!
(651) 356-8476 View (651) 356-8476
Photo of Jaime McNatt - True North Therapy, LICSW, LSSW, MSW, EMDR, IASIS, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
True North Therapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LSSW, MSW, EMDR, IASIS
Verified Verified
Savage, MN 55378
True North is your orientating point. It is your point of discipline. Motivation will fail you every time. Find your discipline and you will find your freedom. I have 8+ years as a therapist specializing in adolescent health, parent coaching and trauma informed therapies for individuals, couples and families; speciality groups include veterans and first responders. Therapy & skills work are vital in both self regulation and self awareness, however holistic/integrative modalities can enhance a strong therapeutic framework. As such, I am also an IASIS provider (Microcurrent Neurofeedback), helpful in balancing your nervous system.
True North is your orientating point. It is your point of discipline. Motivation will fail you every time. Find your discipline and you will find your freedom. I have 8+ years as a therapist specializing in adolescent health, parent coaching and trauma informed therapies for individuals, couples and families; speciality groups include veterans and first responders. Therapy & skills work are vital in both self regulation and self awareness, however holistic/integrative modalities can enhance a strong therapeutic framework. As such, I am also an IASIS provider (Microcurrent Neurofeedback), helpful in balancing your nervous system.
(952) 373-4062 View (952) 373-4062
Photo of Jacqueline Valek, MS,  LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jacqueline Valek
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Lake Elmo, MN 55042
Now accepting NEW clients this fall! Jacqueline has extensive experience supporting individuals and families in repairing relationships, managing emotions, reducing anxiety, coping with stress, improving self care and overall wellness, building coping skills, and feeling better! Jacqueline supports clients through emotional, social, and academic/workplace concerns. Specifically, she helps clients navigate anxiety, panic, depression, new mental health or medical diagnoses, identity, grief/loss, family change, life transitions, parenting, behaviors/dysregulation, attention/focus concerns, and skill building.
Now accepting NEW clients this fall! Jacqueline has extensive experience supporting individuals and families in repairing relationships, managing emotions, reducing anxiety, coping with stress, improving self care and overall wellness, building coping skills, and feeling better! Jacqueline supports clients through emotional, social, and academic/workplace concerns. Specifically, she helps clients navigate anxiety, panic, depression, new mental health or medical diagnoses, identity, grief/loss, family change, life transitions, parenting, behaviors/dysregulation, attention/focus concerns, and skill building.
(651) 615-5184 View (651) 615-5184
Photo of Shannon M Henry, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Shannon M Henry
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Waitlist for new clients
Life is complex and often leaves us struggling with transitions, feeling anxious and/or depressed and searching for relief. Life after any loss can feel confusing, without direction, hopeless, full of regret or in some cases filled with relief. I believe listening to you and receiving your story with compassion, will offer healing, hope, and an opportunity for positive change. I endeavor to receive and hold your pain, sadness, anger, or other emotions with grace, while supporting you as you move toward positive change and renewed well-being.
Life is complex and often leaves us struggling with transitions, feeling anxious and/or depressed and searching for relief. Life after any loss can feel confusing, without direction, hopeless, full of regret or in some cases filled with relief. I believe listening to you and receiving your story with compassion, will offer healing, hope, and an opportunity for positive change. I endeavor to receive and hold your pain, sadness, anger, or other emotions with grace, while supporting you as you move toward positive change and renewed well-being.
(612) 429-4477 View (612) 429-4477
Photo of Grace Pegel, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Grace Pegel
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Duluth, MN 55802
Waitlist for new clients
As a therapist, I believe in meeting people where they are at and that you, the individual, are the expert on your life. I tailor my practice to what your individual goals and needs are by considering all parts of who you are, including your strengths, and not only the struggles you face. Throughout my work, I hope to foster a space in which we can communicate openly about what is working and what may not. I look forward to collaborating together and getting to know you better, as this journey will be a team effort between the two of us.
As a therapist, I believe in meeting people where they are at and that you, the individual, are the expert on your life. I tailor my practice to what your individual goals and needs are by considering all parts of who you are, including your strengths, and not only the struggles you face. Throughout my work, I hope to foster a space in which we can communicate openly about what is working and what may not. I look forward to collaborating together and getting to know you better, as this journey will be a team effort between the two of us.
(218) 228-0005 View (218) 228-0005
Photo of Jessi Leader, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Jessi Leader
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55419
I am honored to work with individuals, couples and families who experience conflict and disconnection. With couples and families this may look like: infidelity, lack of intimacy, sexual concerns, parenting challenges, broken trust, lack of communication, difficult transitions and not feeling validated. You will have a safe place to share your reality, while being held accountable. Let's get you seen and heard by one another!
I am honored to work with individuals, couples and families who experience conflict and disconnection. With couples and families this may look like: infidelity, lack of intimacy, sexual concerns, parenting challenges, broken trust, lack of communication, difficult transitions and not feeling validated. You will have a safe place to share your reality, while being held accountable. Let's get you seen and heard by one another!
(612) 502-8926 View (612) 502-8926
Photo of Rosa M Garcia - Marbigail Therapy Services LLC. (English&Spanish), LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Marbigail Therapy Services LLC. (English&Spanish)
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Chaska, MN 55318
Los Servicios estan disponibles en Espanol. El primer paso, ya lo tomo. Llamenos. It is not an easy thing to seek help, and whether you decide to call me or someone else, there is no wrong step in that. I believe the therapeutic relationship is key in treatment. I've had my share of struggles, and believe that life and professional experience has prepared me to provide you with creative and effective therapy. My approach is collaborative and empathic, I encourage trust and therapeutic relationship. I'd like to help you figure this out, achieve your goals, reach a healthier life, emotional stability, and a calm state of mind.
Los Servicios estan disponibles en Espanol. El primer paso, ya lo tomo. Llamenos. It is not an easy thing to seek help, and whether you decide to call me or someone else, there is no wrong step in that. I believe the therapeutic relationship is key in treatment. I've had my share of struggles, and believe that life and professional experience has prepared me to provide you with creative and effective therapy. My approach is collaborative and empathic, I encourage trust and therapeutic relationship. I'd like to help you figure this out, achieve your goals, reach a healthier life, emotional stability, and a calm state of mind.
(612) 260-1813 View (612) 260-1813
Photo of Kathryn Schuster, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kathryn Schuster
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Maple Grove, MN 55369
Not accepting new clients
"What lies behind us, and what lies before us, are tiny matters compared to what lies within us (Ralph Waldo Emerson)." This quote has always been one of the guiding forces in my therapeutic practice. I believe we are all capable of becoming the best version of ourselves, which includes living a life that is healthy, happy, and fulfilling!
"What lies behind us, and what lies before us, are tiny matters compared to what lies within us (Ralph Waldo Emerson)." This quote has always been one of the guiding forces in my therapeutic practice. I believe we are all capable of becoming the best version of ourselves, which includes living a life that is healthy, happy, and fulfilling!
(763) 225-2990 View (763) 225-2990
Photo of Vaughn Maree Powell, Pre-Licensed Professional
Vaughn Maree Powell
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55405
Not accepting new clients
I work with individuals who seek to better understand themselves and how they interact with the world. My job is to build meaningful connections with my clients so that I can identify relational patterns that contribute to depression and anxiety, guilt, overwhelm and shame. I have learned that how we chose to relate to caregivers in childhood influences how we create and maintain relationships in adulthood. I help clients become aware of the cycle that is being unconsciously repeated so that they can eventually exercise choice to change.
I work with individuals who seek to better understand themselves and how they interact with the world. My job is to build meaningful connections with my clients so that I can identify relational patterns that contribute to depression and anxiety, guilt, overwhelm and shame. I have learned that how we chose to relate to caregivers in childhood influences how we create and maintain relationships in adulthood. I help clients become aware of the cycle that is being unconsciously repeated so that they can eventually exercise choice to change.
(612) 429-4734 View (612) 429-4734
Photo of Heather Emerich, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Heather Emerich
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Owatonna, MN 55060
Hi, I'm Heather Emerich. I am a Licensed clinical social worker (LCSW) and a ADHD Certified Clinical Services Provider (ADHD-CCSP). My theory is you go to a specialist for medical care and deserve the same for your mental health. I have trained in anxiety and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. I found that many clients with ADHD have suffered from anxiety at some point in their lives.
Hi, I'm Heather Emerich. I am a Licensed clinical social worker (LCSW) and a ADHD Certified Clinical Services Provider (ADHD-CCSP). My theory is you go to a specialist for medical care and deserve the same for your mental health. I have trained in anxiety and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. I found that many clients with ADHD have suffered from anxiety at some point in their lives.
(507) 607-7264 View (507) 607-7264
Photo of Scott Grandt, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Scott Grandt
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Plymouth, MN 55447
Scott is an individual therapist who sees teens (16+) and adults. Scott believes in meeting people where they are at in their mental health journey. His style of therapy would be described as warm, non-judgmental, and collaborative.
Scott is an individual therapist who sees teens (16+) and adults. Scott believes in meeting people where they are at in their mental health journey. His style of therapy would be described as warm, non-judgmental, and collaborative.
(507) 204-3446 View (507) 204-3446
Photo of Hailley Cound, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Hailley Cound
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55119
Not accepting new clients
I have 6 years of experience working in the human services field with a variety of populations. I work with anxiety, depression, behavior issues, attachment issues, and trauma. I pull from multicultural therapy, person-centered therapy, and heavily from dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) to meet clients where they are at and inspire change. I believe in cultivating a strong therapeutic relationship to create a comfortable, non-judgmental environment for clients to explore their story and initiate healing.
I have 6 years of experience working in the human services field with a variety of populations. I work with anxiety, depression, behavior issues, attachment issues, and trauma. I pull from multicultural therapy, person-centered therapy, and heavily from dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) to meet clients where they are at and inspire change. I believe in cultivating a strong therapeutic relationship to create a comfortable, non-judgmental environment for clients to explore their story and initiate healing.
(651) 432-5971 View (651) 432-5971
Photo of Shannon Himango, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Shannon Himango
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Taking the step to reach out for therapy, on our own or with a partner/family member, is a brave move. Relationships and life in general can offer great sources of joy as well as frustrations, and when talking with our family and friends, we may edit or limit what we say for fear of judgment, or burdening them. Reflecting and expressing ourselves freely with a neutral, non-judgmental helping professional is an excellent way to increase self awareness and insight about the challenges we encounter, even if we aren’t quite certain what to say.
Taking the step to reach out for therapy, on our own or with a partner/family member, is a brave move. Relationships and life in general can offer great sources of joy as well as frustrations, and when talking with our family and friends, we may edit or limit what we say for fear of judgment, or burdening them. Reflecting and expressing ourselves freely with a neutral, non-judgmental helping professional is an excellent way to increase self awareness and insight about the challenges we encounter, even if we aren’t quite certain what to say.
(651) 571-9588 View (651) 571-9588
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How does your Therapist compare?

Average cost per session

$160

Therapists in Minnesota who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
87% Depression
76% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
72% Trauma and PTSD
67% Stress
65% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

86% BlueCross and BlueShield
69% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
69% UCare

How Therapists in Minnesota see their clients

78% In Person and Online
22% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
19% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Minnesota?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.