Therapists in Modesto, CA

Photo of Erica M White, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Erica M White
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Modesto, CA 95356
Erica White is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker that has been in the helping profession in Stanislaus County for almost 25 years. Currently she is a Mental Health Clinician in our Hope Counseling Department empowering individuals with family, mental health and behavioral challenges to improve their quality of life.
Erica White is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker that has been in the helping profession in Stanislaus County for almost 25 years. Currently she is a Mental Health Clinician in our Hope Counseling Department empowering individuals with family, mental health and behavioral challenges to improve their quality of life.
(209) 578-6373 View (209) 578-6373
Photo of Francisca Salazar- Perez, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Francisca Salazar- Perez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Modesto, CA 95350  (Online Only)
Are you a single mother feeling anxious from balancing life expectations and demands? Together, we can explore your strengths, challenges, and motivations as we address issues like depression, anxiety, and relationship struggles—particularly those that resonate with first-generation Latin women, navigating the complexities of cultural expectations and identity. I also support clients with conflict resolution, impulse control, sleep difficulties, and self-esteem, among other concerns.
Are you a single mother feeling anxious from balancing life expectations and demands? Together, we can explore your strengths, challenges, and motivations as we address issues like depression, anxiety, and relationship struggles—particularly those that resonate with first-generation Latin women, navigating the complexities of cultural expectations and identity. I also support clients with conflict resolution, impulse control, sleep difficulties, and self-esteem, among other concerns.
(209) 935-1344 View (209) 935-1344
Photo of Jonathan Grammatico, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jonathan Grammatico
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Modesto, CA 95354
Do you ever feel not accepted for who you are? Do you sometimes feel lost, isolated or confused? That you step into a world that doesn't feel built for you, that forces traditions and norms that can leave you feeling like "this just isn't me!" Sometimes you feel that you need to take on roles & identities that are at odds with your authentic self. Do you feel like your family & friends just don't understand aspects of the true you? Has this led to feelings of disconnection & discontent? Do you strive for more community and calm in your life or simply just to wake up and feel like you really belong?
Do you ever feel not accepted for who you are? Do you sometimes feel lost, isolated or confused? That you step into a world that doesn't feel built for you, that forces traditions and norms that can leave you feeling like "this just isn't me!" Sometimes you feel that you need to take on roles & identities that are at odds with your authentic self. Do you feel like your family & friends just don't understand aspects of the true you? Has this led to feelings of disconnection & discontent? Do you strive for more community and calm in your life or simply just to wake up and feel like you really belong?
(209) 379-0615 View (209) 379-0615
Photo of Derek Elser Pehle, PsyD, Psychologist
Derek Elser Pehle
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Modesto, CA 95350  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
When we are burdened by negative moods, self rejection and unhelpful thoughts or perspectives, the quality of our lives is diminished. I believe healthy emotional flow is key to embracing life's joys and processing challenges. We are often taught to reject and avoid our feelings which contributes to depression and anxiety. When we learn to accept and allow our feelings in a healthy manner, we are able to process our past and present effectively. This supports good presence in our lives and empowers us to respond versus react. I feel that in order to move forward in life, the past must be dealt with and completed.
When we are burdened by negative moods, self rejection and unhelpful thoughts or perspectives, the quality of our lives is diminished. I believe healthy emotional flow is key to embracing life's joys and processing challenges. We are often taught to reject and avoid our feelings which contributes to depression and anxiety. When we learn to accept and allow our feelings in a healthy manner, we are able to process our past and present effectively. This supports good presence in our lives and empowers us to respond versus react. I feel that in order to move forward in life, the past must be dealt with and completed.
(833) 377-3453 View (833) 377-3453
Photo of Marlene Gomez, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Marlene Gomez
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Modesto, CA 95355
My name is Marlene Gomez, and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. Starting therapy can be daunting and overwhelming, you may be struggling with emotions that you are not able to name and express. My goal as your therapist is to create a safe space where you can explore your inner thoughts and feelings, their origins, and find ways to cope with and express your emotions.
My name is Marlene Gomez, and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. Starting therapy can be daunting and overwhelming, you may be struggling with emotions that you are not able to name and express. My goal as your therapist is to create a safe space where you can explore your inner thoughts and feelings, their origins, and find ways to cope with and express your emotions.
(209) 348-0620 View (209) 348-0620
Photo of Cathy Abbott, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Cathy Abbott
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Modesto, CA 95356
Waitlist for new clients
Hello! I am here to provide you with the tools you need to face your toughest challenges and learn how to become the person you were born to be. I am passionate about connecting with people and sharing what I have learned in over 20 years of working in the mental health field. I provide individual, family and couples therapy to both children and adults tailored to your specific goals and needs. I utilize a variety of therapeutic styles to help people make progress towards their goals, and to overcome mental health challenges that impact your life and keep you stuck.
Hello! I am here to provide you with the tools you need to face your toughest challenges and learn how to become the person you were born to be. I am passionate about connecting with people and sharing what I have learned in over 20 years of working in the mental health field. I provide individual, family and couples therapy to both children and adults tailored to your specific goals and needs. I utilize a variety of therapeutic styles to help people make progress towards their goals, and to overcome mental health challenges that impact your life and keep you stuck.
(209) 219-2475 View (209) 219-2475
Photo of Cory Franklin - BreakThroughs Outpatient Treatment, MSAC, SUDCCIV, Drug & Alcohol Counselor
BreakThroughs Outpatient Treatment
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MSAC, SUDCCIV
Verified Verified
Modesto, CA 95354
I have been practicing and studying in this field for 36 years and have a Master's degree in Addiction Counseling. At BreakThroughs, our mission is to help those members of our community who are experiencing problems with alcohol and other drugs to find their path to recovery, to rebuild their lives, and to restore their family relationships. We achieve this by providing first-quality, science-based comprehensive addiction education and treatment. We treat adults of all genders and faiths. For those with co-occurring disorders, we refer to a trusted network of doctors.
I have been practicing and studying in this field for 36 years and have a Master's degree in Addiction Counseling. At BreakThroughs, our mission is to help those members of our community who are experiencing problems with alcohol and other drugs to find their path to recovery, to rebuild their lives, and to restore their family relationships. We achieve this by providing first-quality, science-based comprehensive addiction education and treatment. We treat adults of all genders and faiths. For those with co-occurring disorders, we refer to a trusted network of doctors.
(209) 353-9808 View (209) 353-9808
Photo of Dr. Luz Maria Daley - Daley Wellness Group | Dr. Luz Daley, PsyD, Psychologist
Daley Wellness Group | Dr. Luz Daley
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Modesto, CA 95355  (Online Only)
We practice from an integrated approach to wellness. We combine psychology with hypnotherapy, dreamwork and spirituality. The goal is to tap into the wisdom and healing powers that reside just below conscious awareness. The emergence of self-compassion, self-love and forgiveness builds the foundation that supports transformational healing. We trust each person is the expert in their own life and each person holds the answer they are seeking. Our role is to help those with whom we work to uncover the wisdom and resources they possess.
We practice from an integrated approach to wellness. We combine psychology with hypnotherapy, dreamwork and spirituality. The goal is to tap into the wisdom and healing powers that reside just below conscious awareness. The emergence of self-compassion, self-love and forgiveness builds the foundation that supports transformational healing. We trust each person is the expert in their own life and each person holds the answer they are seeking. Our role is to help those with whom we work to uncover the wisdom and resources they possess.
(209) 370-2663 View (209) 370-2663
Photo of Tanary Cerros - Tanary Cerros (Deep Wellness Center), AMFT, MS, Pre-Licensed Professional
Tanary Cerros (Deep Wellness Center)
Pre-Licensed Professional, AMFT, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Modesto, CA 95356
Hello, my name is Tanary Cerros. I am a bilingual Associate Marriage Family Therapist. I have a genuine interest in helping adults, families, and adolescents achieve personal growth, live well, and accomplish their full potential. In life, we experience many different challenges that impact our sense of well-being. Seeking mental health services in times of despair and distress can provide guidance and support. My goal as a therapist is to foster personal self-growth, and self-efficacy, and create a safe environment that allows my clients to express themselves freely while learning to overcome various challenges in life.
Hello, my name is Tanary Cerros. I am a bilingual Associate Marriage Family Therapist. I have a genuine interest in helping adults, families, and adolescents achieve personal growth, live well, and accomplish their full potential. In life, we experience many different challenges that impact our sense of well-being. Seeking mental health services in times of despair and distress can provide guidance and support. My goal as a therapist is to foster personal self-growth, and self-efficacy, and create a safe environment that allows my clients to express themselves freely while learning to overcome various challenges in life.
(209) 989-1927 View (209) 989-1927
R Margaret Elledge
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Modesto, CA 95354
My clients would tell you that I am a compassionate therapist that builds safety and trust through the therapeutic relationship. Some of my specialties include women's issues, addictive disorders, and trauma recovery. I also work with life transitions such as uncoupling. Faith based services are offered as well.
My clients would tell you that I am a compassionate therapist that builds safety and trust through the therapeutic relationship. Some of my specialties include women's issues, addictive disorders, and trauma recovery. I also work with life transitions such as uncoupling. Faith based services are offered as well.
(209) 270-6767 View (209) 270-6767
Photo of April Winczner, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
April Winczner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Modesto, CA 95350
Hello and welcome! My name is April Winczner and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in Northern California and working with clients statewide via telehealth. I specialize in working with mothers, women, and older adults. I find fulfillment in assisting those grappling with life-stage changes such as parenting, childrearing, career change, aging, and loss, as well as a variety of mental health issues specifically, anxiety, depression, grief, and trauma.
Hello and welcome! My name is April Winczner and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in Northern California and working with clients statewide via telehealth. I specialize in working with mothers, women, and older adults. I find fulfillment in assisting those grappling with life-stage changes such as parenting, childrearing, career change, aging, and loss, as well as a variety of mental health issues specifically, anxiety, depression, grief, and trauma.
(209) 309-4748 View (209) 309-4748
Photo of Theppharack Sounthala, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Theppharack Sounthala
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Modesto, CA 95355
Hello! I'm Theppharack Sounthala, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in California with a Master of Social Work from the California State University of Stanislaus. I have over 20 years of diverse experience with adults who are experiencing Anxiety, Depression, PTSD, Grief, and Loss. I also have experience working with refugee clients, and am a refugee myself. I speak English, Laotian, and Thai, and provide services via teletherapy. Some of my most used modalities are CBT, Cognitive Processing, Humanistic, Mindfulness, Person-Centered, Psychodynamic, Reality Therapy, Solution Focused, Strength-Based, and more.
Hello! I'm Theppharack Sounthala, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in California with a Master of Social Work from the California State University of Stanislaus. I have over 20 years of diverse experience with adults who are experiencing Anxiety, Depression, PTSD, Grief, and Loss. I also have experience working with refugee clients, and am a refugee myself. I speak English, Laotian, and Thai, and provide services via teletherapy. Some of my most used modalities are CBT, Cognitive Processing, Humanistic, Mindfulness, Person-Centered, Psychodynamic, Reality Therapy, Solution Focused, Strength-Based, and more.
(209) 554-2031 View (209) 554-2031
Photo of Linda K Frank, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Linda K Frank
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Modesto, CA 95355
Not accepting new clients
Are you experiencing sadness, crying at times and can’t understand why? Are you feeling hopeless, or having unfounded guilt? Are you stressed out, having difficulty moving past a traumatic event[s]; or, difficulty with loss, bereavement, or grief? Do you lack motivation and no longer find joy or happiness? Do you have difficulty with concentration, focus, eating and sleeping? Do you have irritability that can turn into outburst or rage in seconds. Are these problems causing stress and conflict in your relationships? If so, you might be in need of a mental health professional.
Are you experiencing sadness, crying at times and can’t understand why? Are you feeling hopeless, or having unfounded guilt? Are you stressed out, having difficulty moving past a traumatic event[s]; or, difficulty with loss, bereavement, or grief? Do you lack motivation and no longer find joy or happiness? Do you have difficulty with concentration, focus, eating and sleeping? Do you have irritability that can turn into outburst or rage in seconds. Are these problems causing stress and conflict in your relationships? If so, you might be in need of a mental health professional.
(209) 249-0982 View (209) 249-0982
Photo of Allison Konefal-Schonwald, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Allison Konefal-Schonwald
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Modesto, CA 95350
Is your marriage struggling and hanging on by a thread? Do you find yourself trying to work through your marriage struggles but it continuously leaves you feeling frustrated or hopeless? Are you trying to leave an abusive relationship and need someone to guide you through the process of leaving? I am a Christian based therapist that dedicates my life to helping couples work through their marital difficulties through the help of biblical principles. There is no need to struggle in silence! I am here to guide and support you through this journey! I am currently accepting new clients in person.
Is your marriage struggling and hanging on by a thread? Do you find yourself trying to work through your marriage struggles but it continuously leaves you feeling frustrated or hopeless? Are you trying to leave an abusive relationship and need someone to guide you through the process of leaving? I am a Christian based therapist that dedicates my life to helping couples work through their marital difficulties through the help of biblical principles. There is no need to struggle in silence! I am here to guide and support you through this journey! I am currently accepting new clients in person.
(209) 497-5760 View (209) 497-5760
Photo of Irit Goldman, PsyD, LMFT, EMDR, Marriage & Family Therapist
Irit Goldman
Marriage & Family Therapist, PsyD, LMFT, EMDR
Verified Verified
Modesto, CA 95350
Are you feeling so down that you can't stop crying or you can't get out of bed? Has your relationship gotten to the point that you don't know how to get it back on track? Does anxiety paralyze you? Has today stresses with jobs & economy leaked into your marriage and you want it to stop? Do you wonder how past events and trauma in your life effect your relationships today? Are you ready to start being happy? There is a better way to live! I can help you gain the tools to live the life you deserve.I am very passionate about helping you achieve personal growth and happiness.
Are you feeling so down that you can't stop crying or you can't get out of bed? Has your relationship gotten to the point that you don't know how to get it back on track? Does anxiety paralyze you? Has today stresses with jobs & economy leaked into your marriage and you want it to stop? Do you wonder how past events and trauma in your life effect your relationships today? Are you ready to start being happy? There is a better way to live! I can help you gain the tools to live the life you deserve.I am very passionate about helping you achieve personal growth and happiness.
(209) 720-4430 View (209) 720-4430
Photo of Erika Ayón Navarrete, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Erika Ayón Navarrete
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Modesto, CA 95355
Not accepting new clients
Life is full of changes. We often struggle with changes at work, relationships, family, losses or financial hardship. How do we bounce back from disappointments, disasters, trauma and other adversities? Most of us benefit from connecting with others. Turning to others for support is a source of strength which builds resilience. Learning how to understand our own emotions and connecting with others is part of the journey of life. I am here to support you though this journey in a safe and confidential environment with many years of experience working with diverse populations.
Life is full of changes. We often struggle with changes at work, relationships, family, losses or financial hardship. How do we bounce back from disappointments, disasters, trauma and other adversities? Most of us benefit from connecting with others. Turning to others for support is a source of strength which builds resilience. Learning how to understand our own emotions and connecting with others is part of the journey of life. I am here to support you though this journey in a safe and confidential environment with many years of experience working with diverse populations.
(209) 583-9403 View (209) 583-9403
Photo of Raman Dhaliwal - Raman Dhaliwal (Deep Wellness Center), MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Raman Dhaliwal (Deep Wellness Center)
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Modesto, CA 95356
Depression, anxiety, stress, anger, marital issues, cultural adjustments, and even death of someone close can cause you to feel stuck. No matter what you are facing there is always support, hope and healing. Working with a therapist can help provide you with insight, solutions, and help you develop new strategies for all types of life challenges. We can work together to find ways to improve your health, self-awareness, and well-being.
Depression, anxiety, stress, anger, marital issues, cultural adjustments, and even death of someone close can cause you to feel stuck. No matter what you are facing there is always support, hope and healing. Working with a therapist can help provide you with insight, solutions, and help you develop new strategies for all types of life challenges. We can work together to find ways to improve your health, self-awareness, and well-being.
(209) 817-8654 View (209) 817-8654
Photo of Barbara Israels, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Barbara Israels
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Modesto, CA 95350
Relationship struggles are part of the normal development of a relationship. Finding the way to get through this stage of growth will make the relationship strong and healthy. I have been privileged to receive excellent continuing professional couples training with leaders in our field. I provide the most effective strategies and interventions in my work with couples to lead to a more satisfying and healthy relationship.
Relationship struggles are part of the normal development of a relationship. Finding the way to get through this stage of growth will make the relationship strong and healthy. I have been privileged to receive excellent continuing professional couples training with leaders in our field. I provide the most effective strategies and interventions in my work with couples to lead to a more satisfying and healthy relationship.
(209) 390-8921 View (209) 390-8921
Photo of Ashley Baca - Ashley Baca (Deep Wellness Center), AMFT, MA, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Ashley Baca (Deep Wellness Center)
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT, MA
Verified Verified
Modesto, CA 95356
Hello! I am an Associate Marriage and Family Therapist who is passionate about helping individuals learn lifelong skills to better their mental health. I believe in a strength-based approach and want to empower my clients to know they have the tools to be their best selves. I am experienced in treating anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship distress, parenting issues, behavioral issues in children, low self-esteem/self-worth, grief/loss, and general dissatisfaction with life.
Hello! I am an Associate Marriage and Family Therapist who is passionate about helping individuals learn lifelong skills to better their mental health. I believe in a strength-based approach and want to empower my clients to know they have the tools to be their best selves. I am experienced in treating anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship distress, parenting issues, behavioral issues in children, low self-esteem/self-worth, grief/loss, and general dissatisfaction with life.
(209) 219-3936 View (209) 219-3936
Photo of George Calasa, LPCC
George Calasa
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Modesto, CA 95350  (Online Only)
George Calasa is a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor (LPCC-CA), Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor (LCPC-NV), and National Certified Counselor (NCC-NBCC), specializing in Major Depressive Disorder, Anxiety/Panic Disorders, and dual diagnosis. George specializes in those suffering from mood disorders, anxiety/panic disorders, and dual diagnosis. This practice offers teletherapy so that clients can take part in whatever treatment suits them, from the comfort, safety, and privacy of their own home or office.
George Calasa is a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor (LPCC-CA), Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor (LCPC-NV), and National Certified Counselor (NCC-NBCC), specializing in Major Depressive Disorder, Anxiety/Panic Disorders, and dual diagnosis. George specializes in those suffering from mood disorders, anxiety/panic disorders, and dual diagnosis. This practice offers teletherapy so that clients can take part in whatever treatment suits them, from the comfort, safety, and privacy of their own home or office.
(209) 626-8845 View (209) 626-8845
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Modesto, CA

300+

Average cost per session

$140

Therapists in Modesto, CA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
89% Depression
72% Relationship Issues
72% Coping Skills
71% Self Esteem
68% Stress
61% Grief

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

76% Aetna
74% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
74% Optum

How Therapists in Modesto, CA see their clients

81% In Person and Online
19% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Modesto?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.