Therapists in Vandalia, IL

Photo of Chris Burgess, Pre-Licensed Professional
Chris Burgess
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Vandalia, IL 62471
Courage isn’t having the strength to go on - it is going on when you don’t feel like you have the strength. You need an immense amount of courage to stay the course and struggle even when you are almost ready to give up on life. I am here to listen, and walk beside you even when it feels like everything and maybe everyone is against you.
Courage isn’t having the strength to go on - it is going on when you don’t feel like you have the strength. You need an immense amount of courage to stay the course and struggle even when you are almost ready to give up on life. I am here to listen, and walk beside you even when it feels like everything and maybe everyone is against you.
(618) 238-2790 View (618) 238-2790
Photo of Andrea Lopez, SSP, Pre-Licensed Professional
Andrea Lopez
Pre-Licensed Professional, SSP
Verified Verified
Vandalia, IL 62471
I enjoy working with families from all backgrounds. My ideal clients are young children to adolescents, LGBTQ+ individuals, and multicultural families, including first- and second-generation Latinx individuals navigating generational differences. These clients often face anxiety, identity struggles, and cultural conflicts. They need a safe, supportive space to explore their feelings and experiences. Their goals are to build resilience, improve communication, and achieve a sense of belonging. I incorporate diverse techniques to address their unique needs, always taking a relational, cultural, and trauma- focused approach in my work.
I enjoy working with families from all backgrounds. My ideal clients are young children to adolescents, LGBTQ+ individuals, and multicultural families, including first- and second-generation Latinx individuals navigating generational differences. These clients often face anxiety, identity struggles, and cultural conflicts. They need a safe, supportive space to explore their feelings and experiences. Their goals are to build resilience, improve communication, and achieve a sense of belonging. I incorporate diverse techniques to address their unique needs, always taking a relational, cultural, and trauma- focused approach in my work.
(618) 408-1701 View (618) 408-1701
Photo of Britni Hosick, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Britni Hosick
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Vandalia, IL 62471  (Online Only)
Hi! I am a Christian Counselor who strives to walk alongside you on your journey to health and healing. I use a variety of approaches and techniques tailored to you in order for you to find hope, connection, and restoration in the most challenging of struggles. You are taking such a courageous step by pursuing therapy and my prayer is that you would feel loved, safe, and cared for here as we navigate the valleys of life while growing closer to Jesus in the process.
Hi! I am a Christian Counselor who strives to walk alongside you on your journey to health and healing. I use a variety of approaches and techniques tailored to you in order for you to find hope, connection, and restoration in the most challenging of struggles. You are taking such a courageous step by pursuing therapy and my prayer is that you would feel loved, safe, and cared for here as we navigate the valleys of life while growing closer to Jesus in the process.
(618) 342-8257 View (618) 342-8257
Photo of Zachary Stephenson, Pre-Licensed Professional
Zachary Stephenson
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Vandalia, IL 62471
You know something is wrong, but you are not sure what it is, why it happened, or how to fix it. You think you probably need help, but it's hard to know where to start. You worry about being overmedicated or wasting your time. You want to figure out, once and for all, what is going on and how to take care of it. Does this sound familiar?
You know something is wrong, but you are not sure what it is, why it happened, or how to fix it. You think you probably need help, but it's hard to know where to start. You worry about being overmedicated or wasting your time. You want to figure out, once and for all, what is going on and how to take care of it. Does this sound familiar?
(618) 323-5219 View (618) 323-5219
Photo of Jessica Wright - Wright Choice Counseling, Group Practice, LCSW, EMDR, Couples, BSP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Wright Choice Counseling, Group Practice
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, EMDR, Couples, BSP
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Vandalia, IL 62471
Taking the first step to tackle life's challenges and seek help is a big deal! At Wright Choice Counseling, we're here to support you every step of the way. Our diverse team of awesome clinicians is ready to help individuals, couples, and families. We believe everyone has unique strengths, and we're all about helping you grow and shine. Whether you prefer a cozy chat in one of our beautiful offices or a comfy online Let's make magic happen together! We turn challenges into opportunities and inspire self-exploration in a shame-free, supportive space!
Taking the first step to tackle life's challenges and seek help is a big deal! At Wright Choice Counseling, we're here to support you every step of the way. Our diverse team of awesome clinicians is ready to help individuals, couples, and families. We believe everyone has unique strengths, and we're all about helping you grow and shine. Whether you prefer a cozy chat in one of our beautiful offices or a comfy online Let's make magic happen together! We turn challenges into opportunities and inspire self-exploration in a shame-free, supportive space!
(618) 266-2693 View (618) 266-2693
Photo of Candice Muhammad, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Candice Muhammad
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Vandalia, IL 62471
Life is full of challenges. I believe that everyone has the right to live an engaged, balanced, and satisfying life. Are you ready to start feeling better? You don't have to do it alone. I am a licensed clinical social worker with over 10 years of experience in counseling individuals, families, and couples. Expertise in Mood Disorders, Grief and Loss, Depression and Anxiety, Postpartum, and Recovering from Trauma. Starting therapy can be a difficult decision, but it can open up many doors for personal growth. I can't wait to connect with you!
Life is full of challenges. I believe that everyone has the right to live an engaged, balanced, and satisfying life. Are you ready to start feeling better? You don't have to do it alone. I am a licensed clinical social worker with over 10 years of experience in counseling individuals, families, and couples. Expertise in Mood Disorders, Grief and Loss, Depression and Anxiety, Postpartum, and Recovering from Trauma. Starting therapy can be a difficult decision, but it can open up many doors for personal growth. I can't wait to connect with you!
(847) 232-6192 View (847) 232-6192
Photo of Tina White, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tina White
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Vandalia, IL 62471
Hello! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over ten years of professional experience as a non-profit leader and clinician providing direct services to a diverse population. I’m a member of the LGBTQIA+ community and have worked with clients with a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, trauma/abuse, adverse child experiences, gender and sexual identity, and substance use issues. I often use a cognitive-behavioral, strengths-based approach within a trauma-informed and harm reduction framework. My training and experience benefit survivors of trauma, life transitions, psychological distress, and identity issues.
Hello! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over ten years of professional experience as a non-profit leader and clinician providing direct services to a diverse population. I’m a member of the LGBTQIA+ community and have worked with clients with a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, trauma/abuse, adverse child experiences, gender and sexual identity, and substance use issues. I often use a cognitive-behavioral, strengths-based approach within a trauma-informed and harm reduction framework. My training and experience benefit survivors of trauma, life transitions, psychological distress, and identity issues.
(872) 469-7550 View (872) 469-7550
Photo of Katrina Schoenfeld, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Katrina Schoenfeld
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Vandalia, IL 62471
If you find yourself carrying the weight of traumatic experiences, grappling with persistent negative beliefs, or feeling a disconnection from yourself, I am here to offer support and guidance. Together, we can unravel the layers of your experiences, providing a path towards growth, self-acceptance, and a renewed sense of purpose. I believe in the inherent strength within each individual and the capacity for profound healing. My therapeutic approach is collaborative, client-centered, and grounded in the belief that everyone deserves a space to be heard, understood, and validated.
If you find yourself carrying the weight of traumatic experiences, grappling with persistent negative beliefs, or feeling a disconnection from yourself, I am here to offer support and guidance. Together, we can unravel the layers of your experiences, providing a path towards growth, self-acceptance, and a renewed sense of purpose. I believe in the inherent strength within each individual and the capacity for profound healing. My therapeutic approach is collaborative, client-centered, and grounded in the belief that everyone deserves a space to be heard, understood, and validated.
(618) 617-6227 View (618) 617-6227

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Kari Stearns-Lamb, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kari Stearns-Lamb
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Ramsey, IL 62080
Hello, my name is Kari Stearns-Lamb. I am a licensed clinical social worker in both Illinois and Iowa. My priority is you, and what you need to feel successful in your life. I believe in the holistic approach. This allows you to heal by taking all of your life experiences into consideration during the treatment process. I enjoy working with adults ages 18 and up. I have a mix of experiences that allows me to adjust my therapy approaches as needed. I strongly believe in nonjudgmental therapy and a trusting relationship. It is a true privilege to work with each of my clients, and I honor the relationships and the trust placed in me.
Hello, my name is Kari Stearns-Lamb. I am a licensed clinical social worker in both Illinois and Iowa. My priority is you, and what you need to feel successful in your life. I believe in the holistic approach. This allows you to heal by taking all of your life experiences into consideration during the treatment process. I enjoy working with adults ages 18 and up. I have a mix of experiences that allows me to adjust my therapy approaches as needed. I strongly believe in nonjudgmental therapy and a trusting relationship. It is a true privilege to work with each of my clients, and I honor the relationships and the trust placed in me.
(773) 830-2845 View (773) 830-2845
Photo of Teena Marie Mabry, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Teena Marie Mabry
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Mulberry Grove, IL 62262
My name is Teena Mabry, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) serving clients statewide in Illinois via telehealth. I have worked with all populations, but my focus is working with adults (18 & up). I specialize in depression, anxiety, stress management/burnout, work trauma, relationship issues and clients dealing with chronic illnesses.
My name is Teena Mabry, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) serving clients statewide in Illinois via telehealth. I have worked with all populations, but my focus is working with adults (18 & up). I specialize in depression, anxiety, stress management/burnout, work trauma, relationship issues and clients dealing with chronic illnesses.
(872) 253-4910 View (872) 253-4910
Photo of Robin Denk, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Robin Denk
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Mulberry Grove, IL 62262
Hi, I am Robin Denk, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 16 years of clinical experience working with clients with a wide range of concerns, including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, parenting problems, career challenges, emotional abuse, and trauma. My therapeutic approach is client-centered, utilizing cognitive behavioral therapy, solution-focused, narrative therapy, mindfulness, and attachment theory tailored to your needs. I believe that it is my duty to help others during painful times in their lives ultimately.
Hi, I am Robin Denk, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 16 years of clinical experience working with clients with a wide range of concerns, including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, parenting problems, career challenges, emotional abuse, and trauma. My therapeutic approach is client-centered, utilizing cognitive behavioral therapy, solution-focused, narrative therapy, mindfulness, and attachment theory tailored to your needs. I believe that it is my duty to help others during painful times in their lives ultimately.
(618) 852-1719 View (618) 852-1719

Online Therapists

Photo of Neelma Zafar, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Neelma Zafar
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Champaign, IL 61821
Hello, I'm Neelma Zafar, a dedicated mental health therapist committed to breaking down the stigma surrounding mental well-being. Regardless of your cultural background, I firmly believe that your mental and emotional health deserves the same attention as your physical well-being. Taking the courageous step to seek help can be daunting, but I am here to meet you where you are, embracing your unique strengths. My therapeutic approach is rooted in trauma-focused and evidence-based methods, empowering clients on their journey to healing.
Hello, I'm Neelma Zafar, a dedicated mental health therapist committed to breaking down the stigma surrounding mental well-being. Regardless of your cultural background, I firmly believe that your mental and emotional health deserves the same attention as your physical well-being. Taking the courageous step to seek help can be daunting, but I am here to meet you where you are, embracing your unique strengths. My therapeutic approach is rooted in trauma-focused and evidence-based methods, empowering clients on their journey to healing.
(217) 916-2541 View (217) 916-2541
Photo of Jeana Roth, MA, LPC-MO, LCPC-IL, NCC, Counselor
Jeana Roth
Counselor, MA, LPC-MO, LCPC-IL, NCC
Verified Verified
Urbana, IL 61802
Have you been hurt by a past church or religious experience? Has it knocked you off balance and led you to doubt your relationships with other people, with God, or even within yourself? If so, you are not alone. Most of us at some point have walked through various degrees of Spiritual Abuse ranging from mild, disorienting misuse of power to full-blown cult experiences. These toxic systems and Spiritual Abuse don't have to have the last word. There is hope for healing, integration, and attachment repair.
Have you been hurt by a past church or religious experience? Has it knocked you off balance and led you to doubt your relationships with other people, with God, or even within yourself? If so, you are not alone. Most of us at some point have walked through various degrees of Spiritual Abuse ranging from mild, disorienting misuse of power to full-blown cult experiences. These toxic systems and Spiritual Abuse don't have to have the last word. There is hope for healing, integration, and attachment repair.
(217) 574-5493 View (217) 574-5493
Photo of Lindsay Moore, LCPC, Counselor
Lindsay Moore
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Saint Joseph, IL 61873
Hi there! I’m Lindsay Moore. Align Counseling & Wellness is my private practice therapy center located in St. Joseph, Illinois that offers counseling and psychotherapy services both in-person and virtually (for IL residents). Chances are you’re here because something in your life is feeling a bit bigger than you can handle, right now. Take a deep breath. You’ve come to the right place!
Hi there! I’m Lindsay Moore. Align Counseling & Wellness is my private practice therapy center located in St. Joseph, Illinois that offers counseling and psychotherapy services both in-person and virtually (for IL residents). Chances are you’re here because something in your life is feeling a bit bigger than you can handle, right now. Take a deep breath. You’ve come to the right place!
(217) 885-2038 View (217) 885-2038
Photo of Patricia Ellen Horn, MEd, LCPC, Counselor
Patricia Ellen Horn
Counselor, MEd, LCPC
Verified Verified
Alton, IL 62002
My approach to therapy is client-centered and tailored to the indivicual needs of each client. In my 25+ years of counseling I have helped clients cope with with problems such as depression, anxiety, marital and relationship issuses, grief and loss, and unresolved family-of-origin issues. I also teach relaxation exercises and visualization, and use a "theratapper" to help clients reprocess traumatic experiences.
My approach to therapy is client-centered and tailored to the indivicual needs of each client. In my 25+ years of counseling I have helped clients cope with with problems such as depression, anxiety, marital and relationship issuses, grief and loss, and unresolved family-of-origin issues. I also teach relaxation exercises and visualization, and use a "theratapper" to help clients reprocess traumatic experiences.
(618) 688-0552 View (618) 688-0552
Photo of Turquois White, MSW, LSW , Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Turquois White
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Swansea, IL 62226
Hi, my name is Turquois White, and I am a Licensed Social Worker for clients struggling with anxiety, depression, grief and loss, aging, suicidal ideation, non-suicidal self-injury, crisis intervention, mood disorders, life transitions, Veteran related issues such as adjustment disorder, and more. I also have experience with working with Department of Children and Family Services, Department on Aging and Veteran’s Affair. As a Licensed Social Worker, my goal is to help you take the pieces of your story and find wholeness. I have some understanding in knowing that life could be fragile and sometimes unpredictable.
Hi, my name is Turquois White, and I am a Licensed Social Worker for clients struggling with anxiety, depression, grief and loss, aging, suicidal ideation, non-suicidal self-injury, crisis intervention, mood disorders, life transitions, Veteran related issues such as adjustment disorder, and more. I also have experience with working with Department of Children and Family Services, Department on Aging and Veteran’s Affair. As a Licensed Social Worker, my goal is to help you take the pieces of your story and find wholeness. I have some understanding in knowing that life could be fragile and sometimes unpredictable.
(618) 602-0663 View (618) 602-0663
Photo of Mary Steiner, MSW, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Mary Steiner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
Champaign, IL 61820
I am a graduate from the Master of Social Work program at University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. It is my dedication and desire to provide inclusive and welcoming services, and to be able to offer a safe space for all individuals seeking to start (or return) to therapy. I would like to be able to support you in any way I can, to ensure that you are comfortable throughout your healing process. It is important that this is a judgment-free zone, so that we can fully focus on connecting so that we can work through whatever is heavy in your lives.
I am a graduate from the Master of Social Work program at University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. It is my dedication and desire to provide inclusive and welcoming services, and to be able to offer a safe space for all individuals seeking to start (or return) to therapy. I would like to be able to support you in any way I can, to ensure that you are comfortable throughout your healing process. It is important that this is a judgment-free zone, so that we can fully focus on connecting so that we can work through whatever is heavy in your lives.
(217) 394-5340 View (217) 394-5340
Photo of Jessica Culp, MA, LCPC, CET1, Counselor
Jessica Culp
Counselor, MA, LCPC, CET1
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Savoy, IL 61874
Those who come to me for therapy are ready to try something different, and experience an authentic relationship with a therapist who is down to earth, warm and seriously appreciates humor. Through our therapeutic relationship you can begin noticing and reducing problematic trauma responses and process past experiences and cycles that are hindering the life you want to enjoy. My clients gain skills relationally to benefit the relationships they are already in and challenge themselves to build new healthy ones.
Those who come to me for therapy are ready to try something different, and experience an authentic relationship with a therapist who is down to earth, warm and seriously appreciates humor. Through our therapeutic relationship you can begin noticing and reducing problematic trauma responses and process past experiences and cycles that are hindering the life you want to enjoy. My clients gain skills relationally to benefit the relationships they are already in and challenge themselves to build new healthy ones.
(217) 207-5709 View (217) 207-5709
Photo of Cheryl Carter, PsyD, Psychologist
Cheryl Carter
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Champaign, IL 61821
Cheryl Carter is a licensed clinical psychologist, who has been practicing since 2016. She received both her Masters and Doctoral Degrees from Adler University (Formerly, The Adler School of Professional Psychology) in Chicago, IL. She completed her pre-doctoral APA-accredited internship and post-doctoral fellowship at the Colorado Mental Health Institute at Fort Logan in Denver, Colorado. Dr. Carter specializes in providing individual psychotherapy to adults with histories of complex PTSD, anxiety, depression, relationship problems, grief/loss, and trauma.
Cheryl Carter is a licensed clinical psychologist, who has been practicing since 2016. She received both her Masters and Doctoral Degrees from Adler University (Formerly, The Adler School of Professional Psychology) in Chicago, IL. She completed her pre-doctoral APA-accredited internship and post-doctoral fellowship at the Colorado Mental Health Institute at Fort Logan in Denver, Colorado. Dr. Carter specializes in providing individual psychotherapy to adults with histories of complex PTSD, anxiety, depression, relationship problems, grief/loss, and trauma.
(217) 773-5990 View (217) 773-5990
Photo of LaShaunna D Lesure, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
LaShaunna D Lesure
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Champaign, IL 61820
Have you been feeling overwhelmed, constantly plagued by worries, or battling the weight of sadness that just won't lift? Maybe you’re losing interest in activities you once enjoyed or finding it hard to get through everyday tasks? Anxiety or depression can be debilitating, casting a shadow over your life and making each day a struggle. I specialize in treating anxiety and depression through a thorough and compassionate approach. My process begins with a careful assessment of your symptoms, as every individual’s experience with anxiety and depression is unique.
Have you been feeling overwhelmed, constantly plagued by worries, or battling the weight of sadness that just won't lift? Maybe you’re losing interest in activities you once enjoyed or finding it hard to get through everyday tasks? Anxiety or depression can be debilitating, casting a shadow over your life and making each day a struggle. I specialize in treating anxiety and depression through a thorough and compassionate approach. My process begins with a careful assessment of your symptoms, as every individual’s experience with anxiety and depression is unique.
(217) 282-2046 View (217) 282-2046

See more therapy options for Vandalia

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Vandalia, IL

< 10

Therapists in Vandalia, IL who prioritize treating:

100% Depression
88% Anxiety
63% Relationship Issues
63% ADHD
50% Trauma and PTSD
50% Coping Skills
50% Stress

Average years in practice

8 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Aetna
100% BlueCross and BlueShield
100% Optum

How Therapists in Vandalia, IL see their clients

88% In Person and Online
12% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
25% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Vandalia?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.