Cognitive Behavioral (CBT) Therapists in Irondale, AL
![Photo of Ann Gould, LPC NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/0518b041-361e-453f-ad95-d2d92a4407fe/1/320x400.jpeg)
During those years I have become proficient in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Neurolingustic Progaming.
When parts of your life just do not seem to be working it may be time to try something new. That's where therapy comes in. It's a safe, confidential place where you can talk with out judgement. I strive to help you find out what's not working and why and to help you find skills that will help you in the future when/if you ever get to that place again. I personally feel that I do not need to know all the embarrassing details to help. Sometimes it can be a relief to just have someone to talk to.
During those years I have become proficient in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Neurolingustic Progaming.
When parts of your life just do not seem to be working it may be time to try something new. That's where therapy comes in. It's a safe, confidential place where you can talk with out judgement. I strive to help you find out what's not working and why and to help you find skills that will help you in the future when/if you ever get to that place again. I personally feel that I do not need to know all the embarrassing details to help. Sometimes it can be a relief to just have someone to talk to.
![Photo of Terra McGill, LPC-S, MHSP, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/c348578d-e8d6-406b-a2f0-003f292a29fa/2/320x400.jpeg)
Terra McGill
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S, MHSP
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Irondale, AL 35210
I integrate with evidence-based modalities such as DBT, IFS, and TF-CBT.
Are you finding yourself feeling stuck, repeating the same pattern or story over and over again? Regenerations Counseling provides holistic therapy to individuals and families who are struggling with issues such as anxiety, depression, ADHD, trauma-related stress, and relational stress. I hold a holistic view of every client within their unique culture, history, and present circumstances. I am specialized in treating children, adolescents, and families who have experienced trauma. I'm highly trained and experienced to work with clients of all ages, and find it valuable to work across development in support of the whole system.
I integrate with evidence-based modalities such as DBT, IFS, and TF-CBT.
Are you finding yourself feeling stuck, repeating the same pattern or story over and over again? Regenerations Counseling provides holistic therapy to individuals and families who are struggling with issues such as anxiety, depression, ADHD, trauma-related stress, and relational stress. I hold a holistic view of every client within their unique culture, history, and present circumstances. I am specialized in treating children, adolescents, and families who have experienced trauma. I'm highly trained and experienced to work with clients of all ages, and find it valuable to work across development in support of the whole system.
![Photo of Cecelia A Watts, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/fe210d09-d3d6-48fc-8c51-1adf77061314/1/320x400.jpeg)
I use Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Person-Centered Therapy among other modalities.
I see adults, adolescents, pre-teens, couples and families who come to counseling with a variety of issues they want to explore. Some of these areas of concern include depression, anxiety, trauma, eating disorders, emotional, physical and sexual abuse, substance abuse, relationships, and grief. Some clients may want to reduce or eliminate negative effects of the issues they face. Others may want to change unhealthy habits or create healthier ones. And other clients may want to recover from trauma or abuse and find more positive ways of coping.
I use Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Person-Centered Therapy among other modalities.
I see adults, adolescents, pre-teens, couples and families who come to counseling with a variety of issues they want to explore. Some of these areas of concern include depression, anxiety, trauma, eating disorders, emotional, physical and sexual abuse, substance abuse, relationships, and grief. Some clients may want to reduce or eliminate negative effects of the issues they face. Others may want to change unhealthy habits or create healthier ones. And other clients may want to recover from trauma or abuse and find more positive ways of coping.
![Photo of Lanetta Harper - Harper's Heart Counseling, LPC, NCC, CATP, C-DBT, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/fe3577e3-9fdd-43fc-9dc2-239f5e4c7352/2/320x400.png)
Harper's Heart Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, CATP, C-DBT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Irondale, AL 35210 (Online Only)
I provide an eclectic informed appraoch that range from Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy to Person-Centered Therapy.
Do you want to feel heard and appreciated? If so, I specialize in helping others overcome daily life stressors such as depression and anxiety, family conflicts, and or general emotional distress. Allow me to assist with breaking down various psychological barriers.
I provide an eclectic informed appraoch that range from Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy to Person-Centered Therapy.
Do you want to feel heard and appreciated? If so, I specialize in helping others overcome daily life stressors such as depression and anxiety, family conflicts, and or general emotional distress. Allow me to assist with breaking down various psychological barriers.
![Photo of Falyn Cochran, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/ebe4d215-e11e-49fe-a268-636907ea359d/1/320x400.png)
Falyn Cochran
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Irondale, AL 35210 (Online Only)
Falyn utilizes solution-focused therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), motivational interviewing, and mindfulness approaches to therapy.
Falyn Cochran is a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker (LICSW) with over 6 years of experience in the mental health field and counseling. She has a driven passion to help adults overcome life's unique challenges and gain interest in living a fulfilling life. Falyn specializes in depression, anxiety, relationship issues, women's issues, and adjustment disorders.
Falyn utilizes solution-focused therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), motivational interviewing, and mindfulness approaches to therapy.
Falyn Cochran is a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker (LICSW) with over 6 years of experience in the mental health field and counseling. She has a driven passion to help adults overcome life's unique challenges and gain interest in living a fulfilling life. Falyn specializes in depression, anxiety, relationship issues, women's issues, and adjustment disorders.
![Photo of Anna Summers, ALC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/0c3ac091-d44f-4d69-8d2c-f2e3f51b6b51/2/320x400.jpeg)
In a world that can be so confusing, my hope is to help make your counseling experience simple. It is my greatest privilege to work with each client, because I believe this life is not meant to be walked alone. My previous experience with adolescents, young adults, and women has allowed me to learn and grow as a counselor. My hope is to walk along side each individual as you grow and navigate life.
In a world that can be so confusing, my hope is to help make your counseling experience simple. It is my greatest privilege to work with each client, because I believe this life is not meant to be walked alone. My previous experience with adolescents, young adults, and women has allowed me to learn and grow as a counselor. My hope is to walk along side each individual as you grow and navigate life.
![Photo of Christina Turner, LLC, NCC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/f36470ee-05b8-45e8-80ca-218f68beaa04/1/320x400.jpeg)
If you are struggling to manage anxiety, mood, or substance use disorder, grief, major life changes, or find yourself disoriented due to unresolved trauma, I invite you to reach out. I am passionate about working with people who have lived through trauma and might struggle with self-worth or anxiety/depression as a result. I have worked with clients who struggled with severe mental illness, substance use, and suicidal ideations. All of my clients shared one thing in common, they were tired of being in emotional pain. If you want to find peace let's work together to build a plan of action. Your mental health matters, and so do you.
If you are struggling to manage anxiety, mood, or substance use disorder, grief, major life changes, or find yourself disoriented due to unresolved trauma, I invite you to reach out. I am passionate about working with people who have lived through trauma and might struggle with self-worth or anxiety/depression as a result. I have worked with clients who struggled with severe mental illness, substance use, and suicidal ideations. All of my clients shared one thing in common, they were tired of being in emotional pain. If you want to find peace let's work together to build a plan of action. Your mental health matters, and so do you.
I am an Associate Licensed Counselor. I truly believe everyone has the potential to live their best lives. As a Therapist, my role is to guide clients in discovering their true selves. I do this by using a person-centered approach during therapy. Therapy sessions are done in a safe, non-judgmental, and compassionate environment. Clients feel free to express themselves during sessions. If you are feeling like no one understands, please call me to schedule an appointment.
I am an Associate Licensed Counselor. I truly believe everyone has the potential to live their best lives. As a Therapist, my role is to guide clients in discovering their true selves. I do this by using a person-centered approach during therapy. Therapy sessions are done in a safe, non-judgmental, and compassionate environment. Clients feel free to express themselves during sessions. If you are feeling like no one understands, please call me to schedule an appointment.
More Therapists Nearby
![Photo of Andrea Lane - Let's Talk Counseling Services, LLC, MS, LPC, NCC, CATP, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/fa4ec124-1635-4777-b6a0-460e6a4895b8/1/320x400.jpeg)
Let's Talk Counseling Services, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC, CATP
Verified Verified
Birmingham, AL 35210 (Online Only)
Specializing in CBT for anxiety, structure for ADHD, and holistic approaches for mood disorders, I offer tailored plans integrating strategies like exercise and nutrition for overall well-being.
Feeling overwhelmed by life's challenges? My counseling and life coaching services are here to help. Tailored to support individuals, families, and couples, I offer compassionate guidance and practical tools for overcoming obstacles and embracing positive change. With a holistic approach, I draw from diverse therapeutic techniques and personal coaching strategies to address your unique needs and goals. Together, we'll uncover insights, foster resilience, and empower you to lead a life of purpose and fulfillment. Whether you're navigating grief, anxiety, career decisions, or self-discovery, I'm here to walk alongside you, guiding you
Specializing in CBT for anxiety, structure for ADHD, and holistic approaches for mood disorders, I offer tailored plans integrating strategies like exercise and nutrition for overall well-being.
Feeling overwhelmed by life's challenges? My counseling and life coaching services are here to help. Tailored to support individuals, families, and couples, I offer compassionate guidance and practical tools for overcoming obstacles and embracing positive change. With a holistic approach, I draw from diverse therapeutic techniques and personal coaching strategies to address your unique needs and goals. Together, we'll uncover insights, foster resilience, and empower you to lead a life of purpose and fulfillment. Whether you're navigating grief, anxiety, career decisions, or self-discovery, I'm here to walk alongside you, guiding you
![Photo of Jennifer Reynolds, PhD, LPC-S, BC-TMH, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/49ee95e3-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/3/320x400.jpeg)
Jennifer Reynolds
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC-S, BC-TMH
Verified Verified
Birmingham, AL 35210
Are you looking for a unique, personal, laid-back, supportive, and comfortable environment? I provide talk therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and other therapies to assist you to reach your goals. Each person is different so the plan is to get to know YOU and develop a plan to give YOU the services that would work best for YOU. Over the past 15 years as a counselor, I have learned it is the counseling relationship that drives the change process. I utilize different approaches to assist working with children, adolescents, and adults. I love working with the person, not just the issues or hurdles that they are going through.
Are you looking for a unique, personal, laid-back, supportive, and comfortable environment? I provide talk therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and other therapies to assist you to reach your goals. Each person is different so the plan is to get to know YOU and develop a plan to give YOU the services that would work best for YOU. Over the past 15 years as a counselor, I have learned it is the counseling relationship that drives the change process. I utilize different approaches to assist working with children, adolescents, and adults. I love working with the person, not just the issues or hurdles that they are going through.
![Photo of Nikki O'Dell, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/44bb023d-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/6/320x400.jpeg)
I provide a type of psychotherapy called cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to help clients learn to identify and manage the factors that contribute to their anxiety.
I began my career as a therapist 20 years ago working with women, adolescents, children and families. I'm passionate about seeing my clients thrive in their lives and relationships. I'm inspired by the resiliency of people and love watching them grow in their ability to better handle their circumstances. I work hard to create a warm, comfortable environment for you to explore your experiences, change your current situation and build the life you want. I am focused on giving each client practical tools they can use in their every day life.
I provide a type of psychotherapy called cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to help clients learn to identify and manage the factors that contribute to their anxiety.
I began my career as a therapist 20 years ago working with women, adolescents, children and families. I'm passionate about seeing my clients thrive in their lives and relationships. I'm inspired by the resiliency of people and love watching them grow in their ability to better handle their circumstances. I work hard to create a warm, comfortable environment for you to explore your experiences, change your current situation and build the life you want. I am focused on giving each client practical tools they can use in their every day life.
![Photo of Jessica D Kuklo, MA, ALC, NCC, Pre-Licensed Professional](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/8cbb1975-2074-4ff2-b033-6562bd5625d0/2/320x400.jpeg)
She is skilled in employing evidence-based therapeutic techniques tailored to meet the specific needs of her clients, including cognitive-behavioral th.
Jessica D. Kuklo is a dedicated and compassionate therapist specializing in PTSD, depression, trauma, LGBTQ+ life, relationships, boundaries, recovery, life and social skills and last but not least anxiety. With years of experience in the field, she is deeply committed to helping individuals overcome their personal challenges Jessica is committed to helping individuals achieve their emotional well-being and achieve personal growth. With a warm and empathetic approach, she creates a safe and non-judgmental space for clients to explore their thoughts, feelings, and experiences.
She is skilled in employing evidence-based therapeutic techniques tailored to meet the specific needs of her clients, including cognitive-behavioral th.
Jessica D. Kuklo is a dedicated and compassionate therapist specializing in PTSD, depression, trauma, LGBTQ+ life, relationships, boundaries, recovery, life and social skills and last but not least anxiety. With years of experience in the field, she is deeply committed to helping individuals overcome their personal challenges Jessica is committed to helping individuals achieve their emotional well-being and achieve personal growth. With a warm and empathetic approach, she creates a safe and non-judgmental space for clients to explore their thoughts, feelings, and experiences.
![Photo of Shenika Brewer, MS, LPC-S, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/179730cd-acf0-4ae7-911a-ed951c293d0b/4/320x400.jpeg)
Shenika Brewer
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC-S, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Birmingham, AL 35210
Need help navigating stress, anxiety, depression, and life transitions? Struggling to balance everything in your life? Unsure of where life is taking you and feeling stuck? You’re not alone, and I'm here to help. Whether you're dealing with overwhelming stress, navigating through anxiety, battling with depression, or undergoing significant changes in your life, I'm committed to providing a safe and understanding environment for you to explore and address these issues. Let's work together to boost your self-esteem, improve your emotional well-being, and help you find direction and purpose.
Need help navigating stress, anxiety, depression, and life transitions? Struggling to balance everything in your life? Unsure of where life is taking you and feeling stuck? You’re not alone, and I'm here to help. Whether you're dealing with overwhelming stress, navigating through anxiety, battling with depression, or undergoing significant changes in your life, I'm committed to providing a safe and understanding environment for you to explore and address these issues. Let's work together to boost your self-esteem, improve your emotional well-being, and help you find direction and purpose.
![Photo of Donna G Marsh, MEd, LPC-S, RPT-S, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/48448be3-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
Donna G Marsh
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC-S, RPT-S, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Birmingham, AL 35210
I look forward to working with clients who are interested in making changes in their lives so they can grow and feel confident in handling any stressors that come along. I have found that with an objective counselor, who is supportive and allows the client to share and work through his/her feelings, they can realize their strength to make the changes needed to improve their lives. My career has spanned over 25 years, working with clients with depression, anxiety, grief, life stressors, medical crises, military service members, and children with ADHD, behavioral issues and custody issues.
I look forward to working with clients who are interested in making changes in their lives so they can grow and feel confident in handling any stressors that come along. I have found that with an objective counselor, who is supportive and allows the client to share and work through his/her feelings, they can realize their strength to make the changes needed to improve their lives. My career has spanned over 25 years, working with clients with depression, anxiety, grief, life stressors, medical crises, military service members, and children with ADHD, behavioral issues and custody issues.
![Photo of April L Coleman, MA, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/79621c03-3b46-491b-9c3d-63cf299589c6/2/320x400.jpeg)
April L Coleman
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Birmingham, AL 35210
Mental Health concerns are public health concerns. Your mental wellbeing is just as important as your physical health. We all go through things and you don't have to go through those things alone. As a Therapist, I would like to be considered an additional support system for you. I would like to help you navigate and process your concerns and or issues; while providing you the tools you need for your toolbox- on your continued path to growth. Let's Talk!
Mental Health concerns are public health concerns. Your mental wellbeing is just as important as your physical health. We all go through things and you don't have to go through those things alone. As a Therapist, I would like to be considered an additional support system for you. I would like to help you navigate and process your concerns and or issues; while providing you the tools you need for your toolbox- on your continued path to growth. Let's Talk!
![Photo of Karen Black Bluestein, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/45816b58-322a-4daf-bbbe-a9b367565dff/1/320x400.jpeg)
My primary focus is with adults ages 18-75 who have experienced trauma including sexual, physical and emotional abuse as well as trauma that is relative to the particular clients personal experiences. I will also see older teenagers with trauma related issues. Other focus areas include treating adults ages 18-75 with eating and addiction issues, depression and anxiety, issues relating to divorce or family system challenges.
My primary focus is with adults ages 18-75 who have experienced trauma including sexual, physical and emotional abuse as well as trauma that is relative to the particular clients personal experiences. I will also see older teenagers with trauma related issues. Other focus areas include treating adults ages 18-75 with eating and addiction issues, depression and anxiety, issues relating to divorce or family system challenges.
![Photo of Charlece Bishop, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/56a13dd8-8bd9-4ea9-bdf7-e7547653ea76/3/320x400.jpeg)
Charlece Bishop
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Birmingham, AL 35210
You may be facing abrupt or long-term challenges that seem to be getting difficult to manage. Those challenges have been affecting you mentally and you may have noticed an increase in overthinking, worry, isolation, sadness, or fear. It is time to get the help that you need with a therapist who can relate to you. My desire is to create a vibe with the client to decrease unwanted feelings and increase a healthier life that consists of effective communication, acknowledging things you can control, and facing your fears. CRC will teach you how to cope with chaos, implement coping skills, and work through uncomfortable feelings.
You may be facing abrupt or long-term challenges that seem to be getting difficult to manage. Those challenges have been affecting you mentally and you may have noticed an increase in overthinking, worry, isolation, sadness, or fear. It is time to get the help that you need with a therapist who can relate to you. My desire is to create a vibe with the client to decrease unwanted feelings and increase a healthier life that consists of effective communication, acknowledging things you can control, and facing your fears. CRC will teach you how to cope with chaos, implement coping skills, and work through uncomfortable feelings.
![Photo of Monique Johnson, EdS, LPC-S, RPT-S, CCBT, TF-CBT, Licensed Professional Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/dd624ae9-c6cf-4b35-bd81-a378f28588fb/1/320x400.jpeg)
Monique Johnson
Licensed Professional Counselor, EdS, LPC-S, RPT-S, CCBT, TF-CBT
Verified Verified
Birmingham, AL 35210
Ms. Johnson is committed to supporting individuals and families through a comprehensive approach. She strongly believes that, with the appropriate resources, everyone can achieve their fullest potential and is dedicated to ensuring they receive the utmost quality of service to make that possible. Her focus is on promoting the well-being of individuals, families, and the broader community by providing education, intervention, effective treatment, and prevention.
Ms. Johnson is committed to supporting individuals and families through a comprehensive approach. She strongly believes that, with the appropriate resources, everyone can achieve their fullest potential and is dedicated to ensuring they receive the utmost quality of service to make that possible. Her focus is on promoting the well-being of individuals, families, and the broader community by providing education, intervention, effective treatment, and prevention.
![Photo of Kristi Yarbrough, PsyD, Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/4270b422-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/3/320x400.jpeg)
I really enjoy working with all types of clients - all ages and all issues. From grade school children to older adults - I work with individuals and their families to help everyone get through life's trials and tribulations in the best way we can - together. Whether it's a mood/anxiety disorder, family conflict, school or behavioral issue, trauma issue, job stress, major life change, or just finding yourself having trouble handling some stress - I know I can help my clients get to a better place.
I really enjoy working with all types of clients - all ages and all issues. From grade school children to older adults - I work with individuals and their families to help everyone get through life's trials and tribulations in the best way we can - together. Whether it's a mood/anxiety disorder, family conflict, school or behavioral issue, trauma issue, job stress, major life change, or just finding yourself having trouble handling some stress - I know I can help my clients get to a better place.
![Photo of Christa Brown, LICSW-S, PIP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/5563d89b-7062-40cf-9da6-3f32dde080c1/1/320x400.jpeg)
Christa Brown
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW-S, PIP
Verified Verified
Birmingham, AL 35206 (Online Only)
I am a person-centered therapist with a focus on recovery from trauma however, I have years of experience treating more common conditions like anxiety, depression, and prolonged grief. I really enjoy my work and I am honored by the prospect of becoming your therapist. My approach to treatment includes minimizing distress while maximizing potential. As a provider, I ensure clients that they remain the captains of their own ships; I am simply here to act as a potential copilot, offering judgement-free support and guidance while you navigate life’s biggest struggles.
I am a person-centered therapist with a focus on recovery from trauma however, I have years of experience treating more common conditions like anxiety, depression, and prolonged grief. I really enjoy my work and I am honored by the prospect of becoming your therapist. My approach to treatment includes minimizing distress while maximizing potential. As a provider, I ensure clients that they remain the captains of their own ships; I am simply here to act as a potential copilot, offering judgement-free support and guidance while you navigate life’s biggest struggles.
See more therapy options for Irondale
Nearby Cognitive Behavioral (CBT) Therapists Searches for Irondale
- Birmingham
- Cahaba Heights
- Center Point
- Homewood
- Hoover
- Leeds
- Meadowbrook
- Moody
- Mountain Brook
- Trussville
- Vestavia
- Vestavia Hills
Cognitive Behavioral (CBT) Therapists
How does cognitive behavioral therapy work?
Cognitive behavioral therapy works by exploring how your thoughts affect your emotions and experiences. CBT helps you identify distortions in your thinking. For example, you may tend to jump to the worst case scenario catastrophizing or think in extremes (all-or-nothing thinking). A therapist can teach you how to push back against those thoughts to ultimately change your feelings and behavior for the better. They can also provide coping skills to better deal with stressors and challenges.
When do I know to seek treatment with cognitive behavioral therapy?
It’s reasonable to consider cognitive behavioral therapy if you struggle to manage difficult emotions or behaviors to such an extent that you are not getting the most out of life on a day-to-day basis. If you want a shorter term, concrete, skills-based approach, CBT is a great option. (By contrast, other types of therapy may devote more time to exploring your past and its effects.) The decision to seek CBT also depends on the condition you’re treating; CBT is an effective treatment for anxiety, depression, trauma, and many other disorders.
How can I find a cognitive behavioral therapist for someone else?
To find a cognitive behavioral therapist for someone else, you may want to begin by discussing the person’s problem, researching cognitive behavioral therapy, and assessing whether the approach is the right fit. You could then reach out to a few cognitive behavioral therapists in this directory, explain the scenario, have a consultation with those available, and determine who could be a good match.
Why is CBT such a popular form of therapy?
CBT has become a popular form of therapy because it is effective and accessible. Robust research has demonstrated that CBT is an effective treatment for many mental health conditions. And CBT can be learned in relatively few sessions, which means that many people can engage in the process, afford it, and see results quickly. It involves learning concrete skills such as disputing unhelpful thoughts; these skills can also be taught and spread widely.