Therapists in Boston, MA

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Photo of Ryan Mace, PhD, Psychologist
Ryan Mace
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02127  (Online Only)
I am a licensed clinical psychologist located in Boston, MA providing individual therapy for adults and older adults. I am also a clinician and researcher at the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) and Harvard Medical School (HMS). I started this private practice to bring the latest advances in clinical psychology to people like you. My mission is to equip you with evidence-based skills to improve your cognitive (how we think), behavioral (what we do), and emotional (how we feel) functioning.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist located in Boston, MA providing individual therapy for adults and older adults. I am also a clinician and researcher at the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) and Harvard Medical School (HMS). I started this private practice to bring the latest advances in clinical psychology to people like you. My mission is to equip you with evidence-based skills to improve your cognitive (how we think), behavioral (what we do), and emotional (how we feel) functioning.
(857) 392-2637 View (857) 392-2637
Photo of Trinasia Jones, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Trinasia Jones
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02215
Not accepting new clients
Your journey, your pace, your healing. As a holistic behavioral therapist, my goal is to address the impact of stress in your life and to promote a culture of safety, empowerment and healing. While we work through challenges, we will uncover your short and long term goals. While at the same time, we will strive for you to build your self-confidence and self-worth. By utilizing a combination of therapeutic approaches, we will unlearn long-standing behavior patterns or negative perceptions that may be holding you back from experiencing a more fulfilling and meaningful life.
Your journey, your pace, your healing. As a holistic behavioral therapist, my goal is to address the impact of stress in your life and to promote a culture of safety, empowerment and healing. While we work through challenges, we will uncover your short and long term goals. While at the same time, we will strive for you to build your self-confidence and self-worth. By utilizing a combination of therapeutic approaches, we will unlearn long-standing behavior patterns or negative perceptions that may be holding you back from experiencing a more fulfilling and meaningful life.
(617) 639-5778 View (617) 639-5778
Photo of Hadar Lutman, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Hadar Lutman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02130  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
“The good life is a process, not a state of being. It is a direction, not a destination."- Carl Rogers. With the ever-changing circumstances of life, despite our best efforts to maintain balance, we can find ourselves stuck, and overwhelmed.
“The good life is a process, not a state of being. It is a direction, not a destination."- Carl Rogers. With the ever-changing circumstances of life, despite our best efforts to maintain balance, we can find ourselves stuck, and overwhelmed.
(978) 288-1926 View (978) 288-1926
Photo of Joseph Casamassima, MA, LMHC, Counselor
Joseph Casamassima
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02199  (Online Only)
The default setting in a human being is contentment and pure happiness. We are not meant to live in anguish and instability. If you (or someone you know) are not happy, please contact me. I provide mental health counseling for those adults, children, and couples who wish to improve their lives. I specialize in developing deeper understanding in emotions, relationships, focus and concentration, relaxation, and stress reduction to better control them. I promote well-being through insight and informed discovery.
The default setting in a human being is contentment and pure happiness. We are not meant to live in anguish and instability. If you (or someone you know) are not happy, please contact me. I provide mental health counseling for those adults, children, and couples who wish to improve their lives. I specialize in developing deeper understanding in emotions, relationships, focus and concentration, relaxation, and stress reduction to better control them. I promote well-being through insight and informed discovery.
(401) 341-1654 View (401) 341-1654
Photo of Christina Psaros, PhD, Psychologist
Christina Psaros
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02114  (Online Only)
I am a clinical psychologist with over 15 years of experience delivering high quality psychotherapy to a variety of populations. I have specialized training in Behavioral Medicine (fellowship at MGH/Harvard Medical School) and have a deep appreciation for the degree to which mental health contributes to overall and physical wellbeing. My approach to psychotherapy is client centered, leverages evidence-based strategies, and is grounded in compassion. As a cognitive-behavioral therapist (CBT), I will work with you to identify your individual goals and the ways in which patterns of thoughts and behaviors may impede those goals.
I am a clinical psychologist with over 15 years of experience delivering high quality psychotherapy to a variety of populations. I have specialized training in Behavioral Medicine (fellowship at MGH/Harvard Medical School) and have a deep appreciation for the degree to which mental health contributes to overall and physical wellbeing. My approach to psychotherapy is client centered, leverages evidence-based strategies, and is grounded in compassion. As a cognitive-behavioral therapist (CBT), I will work with you to identify your individual goals and the ways in which patterns of thoughts and behaviors may impede those goals.
(617) 977-5298 View (617) 977-5298
Photo of Elissa Hogan, LMHC, ATR, Art Therapist
Elissa Hogan
Art Therapist, LMHC, ATR
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02132  (Online Only)
We all have the ability to heal. I see my role as a guide who provides a safe and supportive space for your healing. I use empathy, humor, and listening to guide my practice. My approach is strengths based, holistic, and collaborative. I offer art therapy, mindfulness, and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to help you learn to move through challenges, gain insight, and develop a deeper sense of self by following your intuition. You will learn to trust yourself.
We all have the ability to heal. I see my role as a guide who provides a safe and supportive space for your healing. I use empathy, humor, and listening to guide my practice. My approach is strengths based, holistic, and collaborative. I offer art therapy, mindfulness, and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to help you learn to move through challenges, gain insight, and develop a deeper sense of self by following your intuition. You will learn to trust yourself.
(617) 683-1778 View (617) 683-1778
Photo of Miriam Rowan, PsyD, Psychologist
Miriam Rowan
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02116
I view therapy as an active process on the part of the client and the therapist, set within the context of a relationship built on trust, vulnerability, and curiosity. My clients may be seeking to develop greater personal agency and authenticity in their lives. They may want to clarify their values and life direction or better understand and manage their emotional lives, resolve self-defeating behavior patterns, or foster meaningful relationships. I often work with clients who are living their lives in environments which demand consistent excellence in performance and who may, as a result, have distinct needs and challenges.
I view therapy as an active process on the part of the client and the therapist, set within the context of a relationship built on trust, vulnerability, and curiosity. My clients may be seeking to develop greater personal agency and authenticity in their lives. They may want to clarify their values and life direction or better understand and manage their emotional lives, resolve self-defeating behavior patterns, or foster meaningful relationships. I often work with clients who are living their lives in environments which demand consistent excellence in performance and who may, as a result, have distinct needs and challenges.
(857) 754-3232 View (857) 754-3232
Photo of Kathleen O'Connor, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kathleen O'Connor
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02110  (Online Only)
Are you looking for a companion on your therapeutic journey? With 28 years of experience, this therapist uses a come-as-you-are approach, focusing on open and authentic conversations about where you'd like your path to lead. Part guide, part observer, this therapist is here to offer different perspectives and insights, always valuing you as the expert on your life.
Are you looking for a companion on your therapeutic journey? With 28 years of experience, this therapist uses a come-as-you-are approach, focusing on open and authentic conversations about where you'd like your path to lead. Part guide, part observer, this therapist is here to offer different perspectives and insights, always valuing you as the expert on your life.
(857) 832-3947 View (857) 832-3947
Photo of Wildred Rachel Krenis, LMHC, Counselor
Wildred Rachel Krenis
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02114
My ideal client may be struggling with depression or trauma in addition to the main issues listed. I've specialized in working with gastric bypass transitions, law enforcement professionals, people needing pet support services, those benefitting from art therapy, and interior design aesthetic supports, and reiki energy supports.
My ideal client may be struggling with depression or trauma in addition to the main issues listed. I've specialized in working with gastric bypass transitions, law enforcement professionals, people needing pet support services, those benefitting from art therapy, and interior design aesthetic supports, and reiki energy supports.
(617) 765-9257 View (617) 765-9257
Photo of Kara Llewellyn, LICSW, PMH-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kara Llewellyn
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, PMH-C
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02127  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
FYI: I will be on leave starting 9/2024 and returning 2/2025. For new client inquiries, please reach out in Jan/Feb 2025 to be added to my waitlist, as I anticipate that I will have openings when I return. >.................................................................................................................< If you are experiencing symptoms of anxiety, depression, perinatal concerns (i.e. pre/postpartum depression or anxiety, high risk pregnancy, fetal diagnosis), or other life stressors or transitions, I am here to help. My goal is to provide therapeutic, non judgmental support and guidance in your time of need.
FYI: I will be on leave starting 9/2024 and returning 2/2025. For new client inquiries, please reach out in Jan/Feb 2025 to be added to my waitlist, as I anticipate that I will have openings when I return. >.................................................................................................................< If you are experiencing symptoms of anxiety, depression, perinatal concerns (i.e. pre/postpartum depression or anxiety, high risk pregnancy, fetal diagnosis), or other life stressors or transitions, I am here to help. My goal is to provide therapeutic, non judgmental support and guidance in your time of need.
(781) 423-1367 View (781) 423-1367
Photo of Genevieve Fuller, LMHC, BC-DMT, EMDR-C, Counselor
Genevieve Fuller
Counselor, LMHC, BC-DMT, EMDR-C
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02110  (Online Only)
Do you ever find it difficult to stand on solid ground while the world is in constant motion around you? And no matter what you do, it never feels like enough? We know life’s obstacles are unlikely to go away all together, but what if you were able to navigate them from a place of curiosity and self-compassion? I offer a relaxed, trauma-informed and non-judgmental space to collaboratively expand on the strengths you already possess and shift the patterns that no longer serve you. Together we can unlock your natural potential for restoration and growth- where you can root into your authentic self with confidence and ease.
Do you ever find it difficult to stand on solid ground while the world is in constant motion around you? And no matter what you do, it never feels like enough? We know life’s obstacles are unlikely to go away all together, but what if you were able to navigate them from a place of curiosity and self-compassion? I offer a relaxed, trauma-informed and non-judgmental space to collaboratively expand on the strengths you already possess and shift the patterns that no longer serve you. Together we can unlock your natural potential for restoration and growth- where you can root into your authentic self with confidence and ease.
(617) 249-3727 View (617) 249-3727
Photo of Jasmin Brooks Stephens, PhD, Pre-Licensed Professional
Jasmin Brooks Stephens
Pre-Licensed Professional, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02116  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I am Dr. Brooks Stephens (she/her), a dedicated and compassionate clinical psychologist with nearly a decade of clinical experience working with adults and families. I specialize in providing culturally-responsive and trauma-informed care for people who are experiencing concerns related to mood, anxiety, eating, trauma, and substance use disorders, racial trauma, and racial identity/other cultural concerns. My clients may be experiencing cultural or systemic oppression, poor self-esteem, interpersonal or social problems, behavioral issues, suicidal thoughts, and grief or loss.
I am Dr. Brooks Stephens (she/her), a dedicated and compassionate clinical psychologist with nearly a decade of clinical experience working with adults and families. I specialize in providing culturally-responsive and trauma-informed care for people who are experiencing concerns related to mood, anxiety, eating, trauma, and substance use disorders, racial trauma, and racial identity/other cultural concerns. My clients may be experiencing cultural or systemic oppression, poor self-esteem, interpersonal or social problems, behavioral issues, suicidal thoughts, and grief or loss.
(781) 262-1205 View (781) 262-1205
Photo of Julio Vergne, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Julio Vergne
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02130  (Online Only)
Julio Vergne is a psychotherapist that has been working in the mental health field since 2014 in Western Massachusetts with children, adolescents and adults of all ages. With a background working in settings such as In-Home Therapy, special education, health care, crisis, substance abuse and residential settings, Julio is understanding and empathetic to people of all walks of life. Earlier life experiences such as homelessness and single parenting with custody of two young children has taught Julio how to manage acute stress, which has finely tuned his ability to help those experiencing depression, anxiety, PTSD, grief...
Julio Vergne is a psychotherapist that has been working in the mental health field since 2014 in Western Massachusetts with children, adolescents and adults of all ages. With a background working in settings such as In-Home Therapy, special education, health care, crisis, substance abuse and residential settings, Julio is understanding and empathetic to people of all walks of life. Earlier life experiences such as homelessness and single parenting with custody of two young children has taught Julio how to manage acute stress, which has finely tuned his ability to help those experiencing depression, anxiety, PTSD, grief...
(857) 597-7697 View (857) 597-7697
Photo of William J Heran, PhD, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
William J Heran
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LICSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02215
Are you, or someone you love struggling with addictions? If so, don't hesitate calling me for a consultation. The pain associated with addictions can be both overwhelming and hard to manage. You deserve a therapist with a top notch training and experience. Seeing Dr. Heran as a therapist, gives you a comprehensive assessment and best practice treatment support, while incorporating elements in the therapy that promotes a sustained recovery from alcohol and/or drug use.
Are you, or someone you love struggling with addictions? If so, don't hesitate calling me for a consultation. The pain associated with addictions can be both overwhelming and hard to manage. You deserve a therapist with a top notch training and experience. Seeing Dr. Heran as a therapist, gives you a comprehensive assessment and best practice treatment support, while incorporating elements in the therapy that promotes a sustained recovery from alcohol and/or drug use.
(857) 728-3005 View (857) 728-3005
Photo of Lisa Allen, Pre-Licensed Professional
Lisa Allen
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02114  (Online Only)
Hi, my name is Lisa! I am a proud member of Trust Therapeutics, LLC, dedicated to offering my support to a diverse range of individuals, including young adults, professionals, the Latino/a community, and individuals from all backgrounds, including LGBTQ+ and those with disabilities. Life presents us with numerous challenges, and seeking support can make a world of difference. With over a decade of experience in helping families and at-risk children in various settings, I offer evidence-based therapeutic solutions.
Hi, my name is Lisa! I am a proud member of Trust Therapeutics, LLC, dedicated to offering my support to a diverse range of individuals, including young adults, professionals, the Latino/a community, and individuals from all backgrounds, including LGBTQ+ and those with disabilities. Life presents us with numerous challenges, and seeking support can make a world of difference. With over a decade of experience in helping families and at-risk children in various settings, I offer evidence-based therapeutic solutions.
(888) 454-2439 View (888) 454-2439
Photo of Scott Serpa, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Scott Serpa
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02109  (Online Only)
I became a therapist in mid-career, driven by my passion for helping others and my natural ability to connect with people. As a therapist, I use a non-judgmental, strengths-oriented, evidence-based approach. I'll meet you where you're at, get to know you, and we'll work together as a team to identify and achieve your goals. ​​At NOCD, my team and I specialize in providing evidence-based treatment for OCD. Our deep understanding of its nuances enables us to properly diagnose and treat it. We have received intensive training in Exposure Response and Prevention Therapy (ERP)—the gold standard treatment for OCD.
I became a therapist in mid-career, driven by my passion for helping others and my natural ability to connect with people. As a therapist, I use a non-judgmental, strengths-oriented, evidence-based approach. I'll meet you where you're at, get to know you, and we'll work together as a team to identify and achieve your goals. ​​At NOCD, my team and I specialize in providing evidence-based treatment for OCD. Our deep understanding of its nuances enables us to properly diagnose and treat it. We have received intensive training in Exposure Response and Prevention Therapy (ERP)—the gold standard treatment for OCD.
(857) 422-4634 View (857) 422-4634
Photo of Dr. Abby Meszaros, LICSW, EdD, EMDR, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Dr. Abby Meszaros
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, EdD, EMDR
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02115  (Online Only)
Today is your last day of scrolling through therapists. The last day of doubting yourself and the true intentions of everyone around you. You feel anxious all the time, completely exhausted, and you can’t remember the last time you felt truly connected to your emotions or really felt grounded in your body. You have always wondered how everyone else can live so carefree. Well, it’s your time now to experience the profound peace of finally releasing all of the things that are keeping you stuck. You're longing for someone to finally see the real you, someone with whom you can engage in life changing, powerful therapeutic work together.
Today is your last day of scrolling through therapists. The last day of doubting yourself and the true intentions of everyone around you. You feel anxious all the time, completely exhausted, and you can’t remember the last time you felt truly connected to your emotions or really felt grounded in your body. You have always wondered how everyone else can live so carefree. Well, it’s your time now to experience the profound peace of finally releasing all of the things that are keeping you stuck. You're longing for someone to finally see the real you, someone with whom you can engage in life changing, powerful therapeutic work together.
(617) 404-4717 View (617) 404-4717
Photo of Marissa Wong, PsyD, Psychologist
Marissa Wong
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02111  (Online Only)
I am a licensed clinical psychologist who provides individual online therapy for adults. I offer a safe, compassionate and collaborative relationship to work through a range of concerns. My approach assists clients in working towards self-growth, self-trust and healing from life’s challenges. I enjoy helping clients gain insight into their patterns, promote their strengths and make the changes that they want. I have a special interest in working with clients with diverse gender, sexual, and ethnic backgrounds.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist who provides individual online therapy for adults. I offer a safe, compassionate and collaborative relationship to work through a range of concerns. My approach assists clients in working towards self-growth, self-trust and healing from life’s challenges. I enjoy helping clients gain insight into their patterns, promote their strengths and make the changes that they want. I have a special interest in working with clients with diverse gender, sexual, and ethnic backgrounds.
(781) 208-5418 View (781) 208-5418
Photo of Maura Callahan, LMHC, Counselor
Maura Callahan
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02199  (Online Only)
Over the last decade, I have been working with clients in a variety of mental health settings including psychiatric hospitals, intensive outpatient case management and psychiatric emergency services. I'm a big advocate of maintaining your mind-body-soul balance and specifically identifying what that looks like in each of our lives. I am a trauma informed, person-centered, eclectic counselor eager to support those transitioning through life's challenges. Whether you're going through something tragic or something magic, I'm here to support you in identifying your highest path to move forward into a successful and balanced future!
Over the last decade, I have been working with clients in a variety of mental health settings including psychiatric hospitals, intensive outpatient case management and psychiatric emergency services. I'm a big advocate of maintaining your mind-body-soul balance and specifically identifying what that looks like in each of our lives. I am a trauma informed, person-centered, eclectic counselor eager to support those transitioning through life's challenges. Whether you're going through something tragic or something magic, I'm here to support you in identifying your highest path to move forward into a successful and balanced future!
(508) 501-7914 View (508) 501-7914
Photo of Maria Anez, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Maria Anez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02119  (Online Only)
I'm Maria Anez, a Licensed Independent Social Worker (LICSW) and Certified Brain Health Coach (Amen Clinics). If you're feeling overwhelmed by stress, anxiety, ADHD, or life changes, you're not alone – and there is hope. I specialize in helping young adults (18 to 35) like you navigate these challenging waters. Together, we'll create a safe, judgment-free space where you can breathe, be heard, and find your path forward..
I'm Maria Anez, a Licensed Independent Social Worker (LICSW) and Certified Brain Health Coach (Amen Clinics). If you're feeling overwhelmed by stress, anxiety, ADHD, or life changes, you're not alone – and there is hope. I specialize in helping young adults (18 to 35) like you navigate these challenging waters. Together, we'll create a safe, judgment-free space where you can breathe, be heard, and find your path forward..
(978) 699-9062 View (978) 699-9062
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Boston, MA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$154

Therapists in Boston, MA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
86% Depression
74% Relationship Issues
72% Self Esteem
70% Stress
69% Trauma and PTSD
66% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

78% BlueCross and BlueShield
66% Aetna
61% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Boston, MA see their clients

62% Online Only
38% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

78% Female
20% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Boston?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.