Therapists in California

View cities and counties in California
Photo of Jennifer Ozomaro - Seeds of Growth Counseling, LMFT, AMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Seeds of Growth Counseling
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, AMFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95811
Welcome! Our team at Seeds of Growth Counseling provides support to help you get through life's complex challenges and help you get unstuck. When life gets chaotic, we need someone to turn to, talk to, and support us to navigate our problems.
Welcome! Our team at Seeds of Growth Counseling provides support to help you get through life's complex challenges and help you get unstuck. When life gets chaotic, we need someone to turn to, talk to, and support us to navigate our problems.
(916) 237-1142 View (916) 237-1142
Photo of Kristen Anderson, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Kristen Anderson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Burbank, CA 91506  (Online Only)
Kristen Anderson has been working in mental health since 2014 with individuals, families, couples, and children. She has tailored her practice to work with individuals over the age of 16 dealing with the psychological and somatic effects of both acute and complex trauma. She is trained in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT).
Kristen Anderson has been working in mental health since 2014 with individuals, families, couples, and children. She has tailored her practice to work with individuals over the age of 16 dealing with the psychological and somatic effects of both acute and complex trauma. She is trained in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT).
(747) 294-3479 View (747) 294-3479
Photo of Megan Haley, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Megan Haley
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
West Hollywood, CA 90069  (Online Only)
If you are looking to break free from recurring negative patterns and self-defeating beliefs, or simply feeling stuck, I can help give you the appropriate clinical tools and guidance to create a more fulfilling life. I am an Associate Marriage and Family Therapist specializing in anxiety disorders, complex trauma, family conflict, and relationship difficulties. My goal is to provide you with a safe space to explore your internal world, cultivate self-awareness, and foster a deeper sense of connection with yourself and others. I place immense value on honoring the individual and tailor treatment to your specific needs.
If you are looking to break free from recurring negative patterns and self-defeating beliefs, or simply feeling stuck, I can help give you the appropriate clinical tools and guidance to create a more fulfilling life. I am an Associate Marriage and Family Therapist specializing in anxiety disorders, complex trauma, family conflict, and relationship difficulties. My goal is to provide you with a safe space to explore your internal world, cultivate self-awareness, and foster a deeper sense of connection with yourself and others. I place immense value on honoring the individual and tailor treatment to your specific needs.
(323) 591-2934 View (323) 591-2934
Photo of Sherrie N Kovach, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Sherrie N Kovach
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lompoc, CA 93436
"This is your life, be the change..." Weathering pain, change and hardship without support can take its toll on our lives. My approach involves supporting people through challenging adjustments and difficult life transitions and guiding them in the pursuit of balance and life satisfaction. I see my role as helping clients with skill building to navigate unexpected life events. I am inspired by the compassion and courage of my clients to share in making lasting changes to ingrained patterns in their lives. My practice has involved working with teens and individual adults seeing a wide range of clients.
"This is your life, be the change..." Weathering pain, change and hardship without support can take its toll on our lives. My approach involves supporting people through challenging adjustments and difficult life transitions and guiding them in the pursuit of balance and life satisfaction. I see my role as helping clients with skill building to navigate unexpected life events. I am inspired by the compassion and courage of my clients to share in making lasting changes to ingrained patterns in their lives. My practice has involved working with teens and individual adults seeing a wide range of clients.
(805) 852-1185 View (805) 852-1185
Photo of Jessica Hupf, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Jessica Hupf
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95128  (Online Only)
As a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, I focus on women's mental health, emphasizing holistic well-being, relationship management, work-life balance, and parenting support. Using Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Mindfulness, I address challenges like stress, anxiety, and the impacts of physical health on psychological well-being. My practice offers tailored strategies for navigating personal and professional relationships, enhancing emotional regulation, and managing parenting responsibilities. My goal is to empower women to achieve resilience and balanced living.
As a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, I focus on women's mental health, emphasizing holistic well-being, relationship management, work-life balance, and parenting support. Using Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Mindfulness, I address challenges like stress, anxiety, and the impacts of physical health on psychological well-being. My practice offers tailored strategies for navigating personal and professional relationships, enhancing emotional regulation, and managing parenting responsibilities. My goal is to empower women to achieve resilience and balanced living.
(669) 280-5590 View (669) 280-5590
Photo of Shannon Lawler, MS, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Shannon Lawler
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Calabasas, CA 91302
My practice is dedicated to supporting healthy relationships, wellness and overall life satisfaction. I work with individuals, families, couples, and children of all ages. If you are looking to improve communication within your interpersonal relationships, find coping strategies for existing life challenges, or want to find a place to come and engage in personal introspection, I strive to create a safe, open, and honest space for you to gain awareness, find connection, and explore new ways of being.
My practice is dedicated to supporting healthy relationships, wellness and overall life satisfaction. I work with individuals, families, couples, and children of all ages. If you are looking to improve communication within your interpersonal relationships, find coping strategies for existing life challenges, or want to find a place to come and engage in personal introspection, I strive to create a safe, open, and honest space for you to gain awareness, find connection, and explore new ways of being.
(818) 918-2342 View (818) 918-2342
Photo of Ying Lu, PhD, Psychologist
Ying Lu
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Fremont, CA 94538
Thank you for viewing my information. I am a Licensed Psychologist with 20+ years of experiences. Bilingual in Mandarin. Provide individual therapy for adults, for issues such as anxiety, depression, family relationship problems, lack of motivation, work stress, Trauma, maladjustment due to life transitions, separation/divorce, loss and grieving, etc. I also provide couple therapy, for issues such as compatibility, communication problems, affairs, in-law relationships, etc. Successful therapy depends on my expertise on psychological problems and on my ability to provide a safe and trusting environment.
Thank you for viewing my information. I am a Licensed Psychologist with 20+ years of experiences. Bilingual in Mandarin. Provide individual therapy for adults, for issues such as anxiety, depression, family relationship problems, lack of motivation, work stress, Trauma, maladjustment due to life transitions, separation/divorce, loss and grieving, etc. I also provide couple therapy, for issues such as compatibility, communication problems, affairs, in-law relationships, etc. Successful therapy depends on my expertise on psychological problems and on my ability to provide a safe and trusting environment.
(510) 292-4186 View (510) 292-4186
Photo of Cindy Lee Collins, MS, AMFT, APCC, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Cindy Lee Collins
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MS, AMFT, APCC
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Long Beach, CA 90802  (Online Only)
You feel stuck and numb. You're just going through the motions, trying to get through the day, knowing you will wake up the next day just to do the same thing all over again. When you are low, you are low, but very rarely, if ever, do you have any highs. You can’t remember the last time you felt happy and wonder if you have ever felt happy. It feels like carrying the weight of the world every day and you're exhausted. You don’t necessarily want to die, but you struggle with the idea of living as you are now. You just need something to change, a hand to help pull you out of the darkness, or a little hope. That's where I come in.
You feel stuck and numb. You're just going through the motions, trying to get through the day, knowing you will wake up the next day just to do the same thing all over again. When you are low, you are low, but very rarely, if ever, do you have any highs. You can’t remember the last time you felt happy and wonder if you have ever felt happy. It feels like carrying the weight of the world every day and you're exhausted. You don’t necessarily want to die, but you struggle with the idea of living as you are now. You just need something to change, a hand to help pull you out of the darkness, or a little hope. That's where I come in.
(562) 548-7639 View (562) 548-7639
Photo of Caroline Lewis, MFT, MIM, Marriage & Family Therapist
Caroline Lewis
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT, MIM
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115  (Online Only)
You may be feeling anxious, struggling with sleep, and are desiring healthier and more connected relationships. Deep down there is another part of you that desires more fulfillment, less anxiety, and inner confidence. I can help you. I successfully support my clients in developing new inner resources to have greater relationship success and a holistic health toolbox to not just survive but instead to thrive. My expertise includes working with highly sensitive adults, couples, and families.
You may be feeling anxious, struggling with sleep, and are desiring healthier and more connected relationships. Deep down there is another part of you that desires more fulfillment, less anxiety, and inner confidence. I can help you. I successfully support my clients in developing new inner resources to have greater relationship success and a holistic health toolbox to not just survive but instead to thrive. My expertise includes working with highly sensitive adults, couples, and families.
(970) 478-9160 View (970) 478-9160
Photo of Samantha Persoff, LCSW, MSW, MSEd, SEP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Samantha Persoff
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW, MSEd, SEP
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90066
I specialize in working with children with emotional or behavioral challenges. That means children of all ages, both those of chronological age, and the children that still exist within all of us. I use a whole person, whole family approach, which includes sessions with the child, as well as coaching and discussion sessions with the parents or occasionally the entire family. For children's behavior to change, the behavior of the caretakers must change as well.
I specialize in working with children with emotional or behavioral challenges. That means children of all ages, both those of chronological age, and the children that still exist within all of us. I use a whole person, whole family approach, which includes sessions with the child, as well as coaching and discussion sessions with the parents or occasionally the entire family. For children's behavior to change, the behavior of the caretakers must change as well.
(818) 963-9458 View (818) 963-9458
Photo of Eva Brown, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Eva Brown
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Newport Beach, CA 92660  (Online Only)
I have worked as a medical and psychiatric social worker/therapist in hospitals, partial hospitalization, intensive outpatient programs, and in private practice. With respect and compassion, we will work together to increase self-awareness and forgiveness for ourselves and others.
I have worked as a medical and psychiatric social worker/therapist in hospitals, partial hospitalization, intensive outpatient programs, and in private practice. With respect and compassion, we will work together to increase self-awareness and forgiveness for ourselves and others.
(415) 964-5889 View (415) 964-5889
Photo of Julee Peterson, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Julee Peterson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
Hi, I am Julee Peterson. I'm a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist and currently taking new clients. I am interested in helping repair marriages, strengthen the couple bond to help families blend. I'm part of blended family and have walked the difficult starting path and have insight into the nuances of blended family life. What I love most about my work is positively affecting people’s lives through helping them improve communication and understanding between family members and couples. Increasing trust to create better functioning relationships can benefit the entire family system.
Hi, I am Julee Peterson. I'm a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist and currently taking new clients. I am interested in helping repair marriages, strengthen the couple bond to help families blend. I'm part of blended family and have walked the difficult starting path and have insight into the nuances of blended family life. What I love most about my work is positively affecting people’s lives through helping them improve communication and understanding between family members and couples. Increasing trust to create better functioning relationships can benefit the entire family system.
(831) 604-1025 View (831) 604-1025
Photo of Elaine R. Gordon, PhD, Psychologist
Elaine R. Gordon
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Santa Monica, CA 90402
I take pride as a psychologist in the area of personal growth when dealing with life's challenges. This involves meeting your needs and starting where you are now and going from there. I work collaboratively in order for you to get to a 'better' place. I have accumulated a wealth of experience helping others combat challenges of not being able to have children by traditional means. I worked with patients exploring 'good' solutions to this heart-rending process. My goal involves helping individuals deal with the normal and not so normal life challenges of depression, self-esteem, anxiety, relationships, children, parents, and more.
I take pride as a psychologist in the area of personal growth when dealing with life's challenges. This involves meeting your needs and starting where you are now and going from there. I work collaboratively in order for you to get to a 'better' place. I have accumulated a wealth of experience helping others combat challenges of not being able to have children by traditional means. I worked with patients exploring 'good' solutions to this heart-rending process. My goal involves helping individuals deal with the normal and not so normal life challenges of depression, self-esteem, anxiety, relationships, children, parents, and more.
(310) 736-4729 View (310) 736-4729
Photo of Heather Seguin, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Heather Seguin
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Murrieta, CA 92563  (Online Only)
You want a happy, loving marriage, but somehow things got off track. You're disconnected, lonely, frustrated, and nothing you're trying is working. You're so busy with work, school, sports practices, and weekend commitments, you don't have any time for yourself, let alone your spouse. Maybe there's been infidelity or a secret sex or porn addiction; there's been lying and betrayal. Sometimes you wonder if there's hope for your marriage. Regardless of what brings you to therapy, I want you to know that there is hope for you and your marriage! Let's work on it together!
You want a happy, loving marriage, but somehow things got off track. You're disconnected, lonely, frustrated, and nothing you're trying is working. You're so busy with work, school, sports practices, and weekend commitments, you don't have any time for yourself, let alone your spouse. Maybe there's been infidelity or a secret sex or porn addiction; there's been lying and betrayal. Sometimes you wonder if there's hope for your marriage. Regardless of what brings you to therapy, I want you to know that there is hope for you and your marriage! Let's work on it together!
(951) 366-1580 View (951) 366-1580
Photo of Deryl Taylor, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Deryl Taylor
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Moreno Valley, CA 92557  (Online Only)
My ideal client is someone navigating significant life transitions, such as moving to a new culture or exploring their identity, and dealing with mood disorders like depression, anxiety, or bipolar disorder. They often feel overwhelmed by emotional turbulence and struggle with feelings of isolation, uncertainty, and self-doubt. They need emotional support, effective coping strategies, assistance with cultural adjustment, and guidance in identity exploration. Their goals include achieving emotional stability, integrating into their new cultural context, gaining self-awareness, and improving their relationships.
My ideal client is someone navigating significant life transitions, such as moving to a new culture or exploring their identity, and dealing with mood disorders like depression, anxiety, or bipolar disorder. They often feel overwhelmed by emotional turbulence and struggle with feelings of isolation, uncertainty, and self-doubt. They need emotional support, effective coping strategies, assistance with cultural adjustment, and guidance in identity exploration. Their goals include achieving emotional stability, integrating into their new cultural context, gaining self-awareness, and improving their relationships.
(909) 245-8572 View (909) 245-8572
Photo of Haley Davidson In Person, AMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Haley Davidson In Person
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95825
I truly believe that it is important to have healthy, loving relationships, with oneself, friends, partners, and family, and I take pleasure in being a part of the process! I enjoy working with adult individuals and couples who are open to new ideas when they feel as though they’ve tried it all. My focus is individual adult males struggling with various life issues ranging from anxiety and depression to relational issues and day to day stressors. Ultimately I will help individuals and couples process through issues that are difficult to face on your own, and I am excited to guide clients through that journey.
I truly believe that it is important to have healthy, loving relationships, with oneself, friends, partners, and family, and I take pleasure in being a part of the process! I enjoy working with adult individuals and couples who are open to new ideas when they feel as though they’ve tried it all. My focus is individual adult males struggling with various life issues ranging from anxiety and depression to relational issues and day to day stressors. Ultimately I will help individuals and couples process through issues that are difficult to face on your own, and I am excited to guide clients through that journey.
(916) 359-9295 View (916) 359-9295
Photo of Penn Shelton, ACSW, CADC-II, Pre-Licensed Professional
Penn Shelton
Pre-Licensed Professional, ACSW, CADC-II
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90025  (Online Only)
As a therapist specializing in mental health, addiction recovery, trauma, relationships, and family dynamics, I have been helping adults, adolescents, couples and families navigate the challenges of life for the past ten years of clinical experience. Drawing from my experience as an addiction counselor since 2015, 4 years as a therapist, my personal journey of recovery for 12 years, I have developed a unique and integrated therapeutic framework that empowers my clients to discover the root cause of their problems. As my client, I will guide you to your truth rather than trying to impose my ideas of what I think is best for you.
As a therapist specializing in mental health, addiction recovery, trauma, relationships, and family dynamics, I have been helping adults, adolescents, couples and families navigate the challenges of life for the past ten years of clinical experience. Drawing from my experience as an addiction counselor since 2015, 4 years as a therapist, my personal journey of recovery for 12 years, I have developed a unique and integrated therapeutic framework that empowers my clients to discover the root cause of their problems. As my client, I will guide you to your truth rather than trying to impose my ideas of what I think is best for you.
(310) 484-5751 View (310) 484-5751
Photo of Blair Lord, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Blair Lord
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90041
Do you feel like you have been holding the pain of stress and trauma in your body for years? Do you want to feel more empowered to understand your own nervous system and move into more regulated states of healing? Then we may be a good fit. I work with womxn and non-binary clients who experience chronic pain, chronic illness, anxiety, depression, or trauma. I am LGBTQIA+ allied, social justice, and feminist therapist. Clients I work with come in when experiencing life transition, relationship stress, new health diagnoses, career changes, increased pain, or family-of-origin pain.
Do you feel like you have been holding the pain of stress and trauma in your body for years? Do you want to feel more empowered to understand your own nervous system and move into more regulated states of healing? Then we may be a good fit. I work with womxn and non-binary clients who experience chronic pain, chronic illness, anxiety, depression, or trauma. I am LGBTQIA+ allied, social justice, and feminist therapist. Clients I work with come in when experiencing life transition, relationship stress, new health diagnoses, career changes, increased pain, or family-of-origin pain.
(213) 223-8121 View (213) 223-8121
Photo of Sharlene Justo, MS, APCC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Sharlene Justo
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, APCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92123
It is so courageous to be human, especially for QTBIPOC folx. The freedom to be or express ourselves can feel impossible. The big emotions with life transitions and internal crises can be overwhelming. The pressures of family and cultural expectations can make you feel lost or inadequate. The confusion of answering existential questions: “Who am I?” or “Why am I like this?” can be a never ending spiral. We are not meant to navigate our humanness alone. Together, we can hold the tenderness and expansion of life. I am a queer Khmer Filipinx gender fluid person with roots from the Central Valley of CA.
It is so courageous to be human, especially for QTBIPOC folx. The freedom to be or express ourselves can feel impossible. The big emotions with life transitions and internal crises can be overwhelming. The pressures of family and cultural expectations can make you feel lost or inadequate. The confusion of answering existential questions: “Who am I?” or “Why am I like this?” can be a never ending spiral. We are not meant to navigate our humanness alone. Together, we can hold the tenderness and expansion of life. I am a queer Khmer Filipinx gender fluid person with roots from the Central Valley of CA.
(619) 391-2979 View (619) 391-2979
Photo of Justina Larson, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Justina Larson
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90003
I received my Master's Degree in Counseling Psychology with an emphasis on Marriage and Family Therapy and Professional Clinical Counseling from Brandman University. I began my counseling career as a mental health therapist working with children and families. I have been working as a mental health therapist for 5 years. I work primarily with children, adolescents, and young adults who are struggling with anxiety, depression, stress, and life transitions.
I received my Master's Degree in Counseling Psychology with an emphasis on Marriage and Family Therapy and Professional Clinical Counseling from Brandman University. I began my counseling career as a mental health therapist working with children and families. I have been working as a mental health therapist for 5 years. I work primarily with children, adolescents, and young adults who are struggling with anxiety, depression, stress, and life transitions.
(323) 924-3023 View (323) 924-3023
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How does your Therapist compare?

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in California who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
87% Depression
75% Relationship Issues
72% Self Esteem
67% Trauma and PTSD
64% Coping Skills
64% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

68% Aetna
61% Cigna and Evernorth
56% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in California see their clients

68% In Person and Online
32% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in California?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.