Photo of Victor Urrego-Vallowe - Nor Cal Trauma Healing Center, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Nor Cal Trauma Healing Center
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95821
If you're experiencing increased irritability, difficulty with sleep, avoiding situations that you used to enjoy or want to enjoy, struggling with feeling anxious, you might be experiencing some of the indicators of being exposed to trauma. We have all been subject to incidents and struggles in our lives that have caused us to reach out for help. It can feel heavy or even scary to ask for support. This has you searching right now for help and guidance.
If you're experiencing increased irritability, difficulty with sleep, avoiding situations that you used to enjoy or want to enjoy, struggling with feeling anxious, you might be experiencing some of the indicators of being exposed to trauma. We have all been subject to incidents and struggles in our lives that have caused us to reach out for help. It can feel heavy or even scary to ask for support. This has you searching right now for help and guidance.
(916) 345-2083 View (916) 345-2083
Photo of Jenna Bell (Registered Associate #13251), MS
Jenna Bell (Registered Associate #13251)
Associate Professional Clinical Counselor, MS
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95821
Hello, and welcome to my page. Are you having a difficult time in your relationships or at work? Do you struggle with anxiety and/or depression? Is the teen or young adult in your life struggling and in need of support? Are you feeling overwhelmed with family or just with everything on your mind? Are you struggling with illness, trauma, or crisis? I specialize in working with adolescents and young adults, couples, families, parent/child relationships, coping with illness, relationship challenges, and pre and postpartum difficulties. I also see children, teens, and adults individually.
Hello, and welcome to my page. Are you having a difficult time in your relationships or at work? Do you struggle with anxiety and/or depression? Is the teen or young adult in your life struggling and in need of support? Are you feeling overwhelmed with family or just with everything on your mind? Are you struggling with illness, trauma, or crisis? I specialize in working with adolescents and young adults, couples, families, parent/child relationships, coping with illness, relationship challenges, and pre and postpartum difficulties. I also see children, teens, and adults individually.
(916) 249-7237 View (916) 249-7237
Photo of Elizabeth Maria Domingos-Shepard, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Elizabeth Maria Domingos-Shepard
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95821
Hello, I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with 20+ years of experience in the field of mental health. I work with clients experiencing various issues, such as anxiety, relationship concerns, and self-esteem issues. However, I specialize in trauma and attachment, including trauma related to experiences of social injustices and generational trauma.
Hello, I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with 20+ years of experience in the field of mental health. I work with clients experiencing various issues, such as anxiety, relationship concerns, and self-esteem issues. However, I specialize in trauma and attachment, including trauma related to experiences of social injustices and generational trauma.
(916) 301-4294 View (916) 301-4294
Photo of Joy Light - Joy Light LMFT, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Joy Light LMFT
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95821  (Online Only)
If you are feeling stressed, depressed, anxious or overwhelmed with your personal relationships or work life, I have over 50 methods in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to help you. I also use the very successful Gottman Method to help with conflicts in marriage and relationships. I seek to get to the core issues and self-defeating beliefs so you can truly heal yourself and find your joy in life again. I offer Telehealth (Zoom) sessions from my office to the comfort of your home. I do not take insurance at this time, but I offer a sliding scale on an individual basis to those who need it.
If you are feeling stressed, depressed, anxious or overwhelmed with your personal relationships or work life, I have over 50 methods in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to help you. I also use the very successful Gottman Method to help with conflicts in marriage and relationships. I seek to get to the core issues and self-defeating beliefs so you can truly heal yourself and find your joy in life again. I offer Telehealth (Zoom) sessions from my office to the comfort of your home. I do not take insurance at this time, but I offer a sliding scale on an individual basis to those who need it.
(916) 526-3057 View (916) 526-3057
Photo of Homeyra Ghaffari - Life and Liberation, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Life and Liberation
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95821
I primarily work with Farsi and Dari speaking refugees who have been exposed to hardship and war. I also see teenagers who are going through identity crisis and transitional periods from childhood to adulthood. I see couples coming from traditional backgrounds trying to save their marriage by adjusting to mainstream culture. Finally, I see individuals with low-self esteem, confidence, and decision making issues.
I primarily work with Farsi and Dari speaking refugees who have been exposed to hardship and war. I also see teenagers who are going through identity crisis and transitional periods from childhood to adulthood. I see couples coming from traditional backgrounds trying to save their marriage by adjusting to mainstream culture. Finally, I see individuals with low-self esteem, confidence, and decision making issues.
(650) 866-1151 View (650) 866-1151
Photo of Edgar A Ledezma Gallo, BA, MA, APCC
Edgar A Ledezma Gallo
Associate Professional Clinical Counselor, BA, MA, APCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95821
Throughout our life experiences we sometimes become clouded by the obstacles that life throws at us, which may cause for our inner voice, your true self, to get pushed down in the process. This ultimately can lead to making decisions that we’re not happy with. My goal is to assist you with guiding out that inner voice into the open and utilizing it to work together to tackle present challenges, while providing an accepting and safe environment for you to be yourself. I believe you have an array of strengths, abilities and skills that can be utilized to assist with the challenges at hand.
Throughout our life experiences we sometimes become clouded by the obstacles that life throws at us, which may cause for our inner voice, your true self, to get pushed down in the process. This ultimately can lead to making decisions that we’re not happy with. My goal is to assist you with guiding out that inner voice into the open and utilizing it to work together to tackle present challenges, while providing an accepting and safe environment for you to be yourself. I believe you have an array of strengths, abilities and skills that can be utilized to assist with the challenges at hand.
(916) 282-7775 View (916) 282-7775
Photo of Raven Royal, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Raven Royal
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95821
Waitlist for new clients
Life is expected to have ups and downs and that is unavoidable. The therapeutic relationship that I hope to bring to our sessions is one of compassion, understanding, empathy, and openness to differences without judgment. It is my belief that everyone on this planet strives to have a good quality of life and can become overwhelmed with constant disappointments, self-doubt, and a sense of feeling lost.
Life is expected to have ups and downs and that is unavoidable. The therapeutic relationship that I hope to bring to our sessions is one of compassion, understanding, empathy, and openness to differences without judgment. It is my belief that everyone on this planet strives to have a good quality of life and can become overwhelmed with constant disappointments, self-doubt, and a sense of feeling lost.
(916) 347-9086 View (916) 347-9086
Photo of Maria Curameng Teresi, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Maria Curameng Teresi
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95821  (Online Only)
Maria Curameng Teresi is a licensed marriage, family and child therapist, and has worked in mental health and behavioral health since 2004. She works with people who have been abused and experienced different types of trauma. She helps her clients reduce the effects of trauma including anxiety, depression, stress, starting and completing tasks, and struggles with relationships, with career goals, with life changes and with managing mood changes. She supports her clients to reach their life goals and live their lives in healthy, productive and effective ways that is unique to her individual clients.
Maria Curameng Teresi is a licensed marriage, family and child therapist, and has worked in mental health and behavioral health since 2004. She works with people who have been abused and experienced different types of trauma. She helps her clients reduce the effects of trauma including anxiety, depression, stress, starting and completing tasks, and struggles with relationships, with career goals, with life changes and with managing mood changes. She supports her clients to reach their life goals and live their lives in healthy, productive and effective ways that is unique to her individual clients.
(916) 571-0913 View (916) 571-0913
Photo of Lauren Ludlow, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lauren Ludlow
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95821  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
You want to be present, find ease, and fully enjoy your life and relationship but anxiety, trauma, and big transitions keep getting in the way. You've worked hard to create this life and your relationships. You do your best to "have it all together" for friends, family, colleagues, your partner. In the middle of all the roles, changes, and expectations you've lost yourself, disconnected from your needs, and lost track of your values and joy. Whether it is constant anxiety, imposter syndrome disconnection, or pain that keeps holding you back - you're just done living this way and ready to live more fully.
You want to be present, find ease, and fully enjoy your life and relationship but anxiety, trauma, and big transitions keep getting in the way. You've worked hard to create this life and your relationships. You do your best to "have it all together" for friends, family, colleagues, your partner. In the middle of all the roles, changes, and expectations you've lost yourself, disconnected from your needs, and lost track of your values and joy. Whether it is constant anxiety, imposter syndrome disconnection, or pain that keeps holding you back - you're just done living this way and ready to live more fully.
(209) 553-4636 View (209) 553-4636
Photo of Dennis Hollingsworth, LMFT, CADC-ll, Marriage & Family Therapist
Dennis Hollingsworth
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CADC-ll
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95821
After splitting time between a non-profit community center and private practice for a number of years, I am now solely focused on private practice. I am excited about the opportunity to continue my work with individuals, couples, families and children. I approach my work with respect, cultural awareness and a strong belief in self-empowerment. Our time together will be supportive, collaborative, focused and goal driven. Although I am continually learning and searching for what works, Reality Therapy/Choice Theory is my primary theoretical approach. I also regularly use Feedback Informed Treatment measures.
After splitting time between a non-profit community center and private practice for a number of years, I am now solely focused on private practice. I am excited about the opportunity to continue my work with individuals, couples, families and children. I approach my work with respect, cultural awareness and a strong belief in self-empowerment. Our time together will be supportive, collaborative, focused and goal driven. Although I am continually learning and searching for what works, Reality Therapy/Choice Theory is my primary theoretical approach. I also regularly use Feedback Informed Treatment measures.
(916) 435-6094 View (916) 435-6094
Photo of Steve DeCristofaro, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Steve DeCristofaro
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95821
I believe we humans are dynamic, intra and interconnected beings. When disregulation happens it affects our entire being - mind, body and spirit. Trauma, grief, anxiety, depression - are not singular in their effects but permeate to our thinking, our physical health and our emotions and spirit. I look to work with my clients to incorporate an approach that addresses each component for a more complete healing process.
I believe we humans are dynamic, intra and interconnected beings. When disregulation happens it affects our entire being - mind, body and spirit. Trauma, grief, anxiety, depression - are not singular in their effects but permeate to our thinking, our physical health and our emotions and spirit. I look to work with my clients to incorporate an approach that addresses each component for a more complete healing process.
(916) 794-3256 View (916) 794-3256
Photo of Simone Lewis, ASW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Simone Lewis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, ASW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95821
Life is busy and complex. The constant pressure that we feel to meet our professional obligations, navigate personal relationships and occupy roles are overwhelming. We set an unsustainable pace that inevitably leaves us anxious, socially disconnected and emotionally depleted. The demands of being a professional, person of color, parent or person navigating a change can become unmanageable.
Life is busy and complex. The constant pressure that we feel to meet our professional obligations, navigate personal relationships and occupy roles are overwhelming. We set an unsustainable pace that inevitably leaves us anxious, socially disconnected and emotionally depleted. The demands of being a professional, person of color, parent or person navigating a change can become unmanageable.
(916) 823-9938 View (916) 823-9938
Photo of Jeremy D Prillwitz, LAADC, Drug & Alcohol Counselor
Jeremy D Prillwitz
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LAADC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95821
For many people, standard 12 step-dominated substance use treatment does not work. People may tell you that your problem is a lack of willingness, or that you are in "denial." But maybe you need someone to listen to you rather than talk at you. The fact that these programs do not work for you does not mean that you are not capable of change. It probably just means that you have not found an approach that addresses your individual needs and values.
For many people, standard 12 step-dominated substance use treatment does not work. People may tell you that your problem is a lack of willingness, or that you are in "denial." But maybe you need someone to listen to you rather than talk at you. The fact that these programs do not work for you does not mean that you are not capable of change. It probably just means that you have not found an approach that addresses your individual needs and values.
(916) 251-1157 View (916) 251-1157
Photo of Stefanie Smith, LPCC, Counselor
Stefanie Smith
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95821  (Online Only)
I am taking new clients! If your hope is running thin or you're feeling despair, consider giving therapy with me a chance. I am passionate about my work as a counselor, and I offer a safe, compassionate, and supportive environment free from judgement. I give counseling from my heart as well as my head. My style is optimistic, caring, and direct, and I have experience working with a wide range of tough issues including anger, depression, anxiety, stress, grief, and self esteem. I don't make problems go away, but I do provide a safe space to face them, and you will not have to do it alone.
I am taking new clients! If your hope is running thin or you're feeling despair, consider giving therapy with me a chance. I am passionate about my work as a counselor, and I offer a safe, compassionate, and supportive environment free from judgement. I give counseling from my heart as well as my head. My style is optimistic, caring, and direct, and I have experience working with a wide range of tough issues including anger, depression, anxiety, stress, grief, and self esteem. I don't make problems go away, but I do provide a safe space to face them, and you will not have to do it alone.
(916) 702-3255 View (916) 702-3255
Photo of Jenna Ramirez-Kirgan, MA, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Jenna Ramirez-Kirgan
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95821
I enjoy working with a diverse population surrounding attachment, life transitions, stressful life events/trauma, and close relationships. I am passionate about working with young adults, couples, pre-marital counseling, and LGBTQIA+ populations. Each and every one of my clients is a unique person coming in with unique experiences and challenges, meaning they require a unique approach that best fits their goals. The therapeutic relationship between a client and therapist is one of the most important factors to client success. This is why I value building trust and confidence with my clients in the beginning of therapy.
I enjoy working with a diverse population surrounding attachment, life transitions, stressful life events/trauma, and close relationships. I am passionate about working with young adults, couples, pre-marital counseling, and LGBTQIA+ populations. Each and every one of my clients is a unique person coming in with unique experiences and challenges, meaning they require a unique approach that best fits their goals. The therapeutic relationship between a client and therapist is one of the most important factors to client success. This is why I value building trust and confidence with my clients in the beginning of therapy.
(916) 776-5855 View (916) 776-5855
Photo of Brett Collins, MA, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Brett Collins
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95821  (Online Only)
Hi! I’m Brett (she/her) and I help people to change or improve their relationships. I am licensed in California and New Mexico and serve clients exclusively via Telehealth. My style is relaxed and collaborative. Common goals of my clients are to heal from trauma, to build or strengthen coping skills, and/or to explore their identities. As a Social Worker, I believe that therapy can be a tool for social justice and welcome clients who want to examine their privilege and/or who seek liberation from controlling relationships and oppressive environments.
Hi! I’m Brett (she/her) and I help people to change or improve their relationships. I am licensed in California and New Mexico and serve clients exclusively via Telehealth. My style is relaxed and collaborative. Common goals of my clients are to heal from trauma, to build or strengthen coping skills, and/or to explore their identities. As a Social Worker, I believe that therapy can be a tool for social justice and welcome clients who want to examine their privilege and/or who seek liberation from controlling relationships and oppressive environments.
(916) 237-9303 View (916) 237-9303
Photo of Renata Peterson, MSW, LCSW, CCHT, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Renata Peterson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, CCHT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95821
I believe that when individuals are ready to receive help, they will benefit greatly. Those I serve have sought assistance because they seek to move beyond their struggle, not because they had been asked to do so. This is not to say that those who have been encouraged haven't benefited as well. The approaches used allow me to serve those who are experiencing stress, anxiety or trauma. I also assist those who are ready to find their life's purpose but feel that they need the extra support in meeting this goal.
I believe that when individuals are ready to receive help, they will benefit greatly. Those I serve have sought assistance because they seek to move beyond their struggle, not because they had been asked to do so. This is not to say that those who have been encouraged haven't benefited as well. The approaches used allow me to serve those who are experiencing stress, anxiety or trauma. I also assist those who are ready to find their life's purpose but feel that they need the extra support in meeting this goal.
(916) 778-3116 View (916) 778-3116
Photo of Alexander Kagan, PsyD, LMFT, LPCC, Marriage & Family Therapist
Alexander Kagan
Marriage & Family Therapist, PsyD, LMFT, LPCC
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95821  (Online Only)
Are you struggling with relationship issues? Is it difficult for you to communicate with your partner? Are your children entering adolescence with all its trials and tribulations? Are you anxious about ordinary events and don't understand why? Have you suffered a loss and can't come to terms with it? Has depression robbed you of the ability to enjoy life’s simple pleasures? Are you an immigrant struggling adjusting to the new language and environment? If any of these questions rings true for you, then welcome and congratulations on making the first step to finding a lasting solution!
Are you struggling with relationship issues? Is it difficult for you to communicate with your partner? Are your children entering adolescence with all its trials and tribulations? Are you anxious about ordinary events and don't understand why? Have you suffered a loss and can't come to terms with it? Has depression robbed you of the ability to enjoy life’s simple pleasures? Are you an immigrant struggling adjusting to the new language and environment? If any of these questions rings true for you, then welcome and congratulations on making the first step to finding a lasting solution!
(916) 713-5612 View (916) 713-5612
Photo of Brian Betz, LCP, Psychologist
Brian Betz
Psychologist, LCP
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95821
Hello. I am Brian Betz, Ph.D. I have been a licensed psychologist in California for the past 25 years. I have an eclectic, client-centered approach to psychotherapy. I work collaboratively with clients to determine the best therapeutic approach/strategy to address their current challenges. I have an eclectic approach to providing therapy. The therapeutic modalities or modalities that I use are dependent upon each individual client's needs and include Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Insight Oriented Therapy, Family Systems, Object Relations, and Trauma-Focused CBT.
Hello. I am Brian Betz, Ph.D. I have been a licensed psychologist in California for the past 25 years. I have an eclectic, client-centered approach to psychotherapy. I work collaboratively with clients to determine the best therapeutic approach/strategy to address their current challenges. I have an eclectic approach to providing therapy. The therapeutic modalities or modalities that I use are dependent upon each individual client's needs and include Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Insight Oriented Therapy, Family Systems, Object Relations, and Trauma-Focused CBT.
(916) 318-3815 View (916) 318-3815
Photo of Amy Tatreau, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Amy Tatreau
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95821  (Online Only)
I can help you discover and strengthen healthy boundaries, guide you to take action on your personal values and life goals, and teach you how to regain your emotional balance when life is working your last nerve. Be kinder to yourself, have greater patience with loved ones, your family of choice, friends and co-workers, and decrease the overwhelming sense of loneliness that you may have felt during this crummy pandemic.
I can help you discover and strengthen healthy boundaries, guide you to take action on your personal values and life goals, and teach you how to regain your emotional balance when life is working your last nerve. Be kinder to yourself, have greater patience with loved ones, your family of choice, friends and co-workers, and decrease the overwhelming sense of loneliness that you may have felt during this crummy pandemic.
(916) 510-0571 View (916) 510-0571

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 95821

80+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in 95821 who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
89% Depression
82% Trauma and PTSD
73% Grief
69% Self Esteem
68% Relationship Issues
61% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

69% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
69% Optum
67% Aetna

How Therapists in 95821 see their clients

75% In Person and Online
25% Online Only

Gender breakdown

73% Female
25% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 95821?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.