Photo of Amber Flowers, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Amber Flowers
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Boulder Creek, CA 95006  (Online Only)
Are you feeling overwhelmed, anxious, or stuck? I can help. With empathy and evidence-based techniques, I'll guide you toward healing and growth. Together, we'll explore your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors to develop effective coping strategies. As a therapist partnered with Journey Clinical, I offer compassionate, evidence-based therapy, including Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapy (KAP).​ Let's embark on this journey to a healthier, happier you.
Are you feeling overwhelmed, anxious, or stuck? I can help. With empathy and evidence-based techniques, I'll guide you toward healing and growth. Together, we'll explore your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors to develop effective coping strategies. As a therapist partnered with Journey Clinical, I offer compassionate, evidence-based therapy, including Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapy (KAP).​ Let's embark on this journey to a healthier, happier you.
(831) 298-8297 View (831) 298-8297
Photo of Cynthia Heim, PsyD, MSN, Psychologist
Cynthia Heim
Psychologist, PsyD, MSN
Verified Verified
Boulder Creek, CA 95006
I love working with people to help them build a deeper relationship with themselves – their inner world and emotional core. By learning how to connect with and attend to what lies within, clients develop the skills to lean into personal challenges, transform them, and understand their deep yearnings in the process. In turn, clients become empowered and build lives that are aligned with who they are and what they want for themselves. I strongly feel that therapy is a collaborative process, and the “work” a client engages with in their day to day life is also so important.
I love working with people to help them build a deeper relationship with themselves – their inner world and emotional core. By learning how to connect with and attend to what lies within, clients develop the skills to lean into personal challenges, transform them, and understand their deep yearnings in the process. In turn, clients become empowered and build lives that are aligned with who they are and what they want for themselves. I strongly feel that therapy is a collaborative process, and the “work” a client engages with in their day to day life is also so important.
(831) 216-7962 View (831) 216-7962
Photo of K Karuna Fluhart-Negrete, MA, LMFT, CHT, NCC, LPCC, Marriage & Family Therapist
K Karuna Fluhart-Negrete
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, CHT, NCC, LPCC
Verified Verified
Boulder Creek, CA 95006
Maybe it's time to get the support and compassionate care you want, need and deserve! Feeling anxious, depressed or dealing with loss, grief, trauma or transition? Perhaps you've just been feeling a little down or disconnected from yourself or a primary relationship. Are you wanting to heal on deeper levels?
Maybe it's time to get the support and compassionate care you want, need and deserve! Feeling anxious, depressed or dealing with loss, grief, trauma or transition? Perhaps you've just been feeling a little down or disconnected from yourself or a primary relationship. Are you wanting to heal on deeper levels?
(505) 405-2400 View (505) 405-2400
Photo of Kathryn Vroomen, Marriage & Family Therapist
Kathryn Vroomen
Marriage & Family Therapist
Verified Verified
Boulder Creek, CA 95006
I have been told that I bring hope to situations, experiences and behaviors that often feel hopeless. Specializing in working with families, children, adolescents and parents, I work collaboratively with client/s to identify and develop goals, and a road map of how we will know that these goals are being met as we work together. I work actively with clients using their knowledge and strengths towards reaching their goals.
I have been told that I bring hope to situations, experiences and behaviors that often feel hopeless. Specializing in working with families, children, adolescents and parents, I work collaboratively with client/s to identify and develop goals, and a road map of how we will know that these goals are being met as we work together. I work actively with clients using their knowledge and strengths towards reaching their goals.
(831) 272-4998 View (831) 272-4998
Photo of Howard Huhem, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Howard Huhem
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Boulder Creek, CA 95006
Howard is a Licensed Marriage a Family Therapist in California, who specializes in individual, couples and family therapy.
Howard is a Licensed Marriage a Family Therapist in California, who specializes in individual, couples and family therapy.
(949) 749-4713 View (949) 749-4713
Photo of Patricia Toscano, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Patricia Toscano
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Boulder Creek, CA 95006  (Online Only)
Hello! I’m Patricia Toscano. I am a Marriage and Family Therapist. I’ve been providing counseling to BIPOC for the past 12 years. When I first began my career, I never thought I’d become an expert at trauma, violence, and relationship issues. My career path has afforded me the privilege to help people with intimate relationship issues and concerns with violence and trauma. My ability to be fluent in Spanish and to understand the various factors related to the living experience of BIPOC has granted me the opportunity to guide my client’s in a better understanding of their lives and to help them come to a resolution.
Hello! I’m Patricia Toscano. I am a Marriage and Family Therapist. I’ve been providing counseling to BIPOC for the past 12 years. When I first began my career, I never thought I’d become an expert at trauma, violence, and relationship issues. My career path has afforded me the privilege to help people with intimate relationship issues and concerns with violence and trauma. My ability to be fluent in Spanish and to understand the various factors related to the living experience of BIPOC has granted me the opportunity to guide my client’s in a better understanding of their lives and to help them come to a resolution.
(669) 322-4021 View (669) 322-4021
Photo of Dr. Jorina Elbers (Holistic Integrative Neurologist), MD
Many of the common symptoms people experience are actually related to chronic stress or trauma. This is not recognized by most physicians, so patients are often prescribed multiple medications and referred to many subspecialists, without any real relief of their symptoms. I help patients identify if their symptoms are actually related to stress or trauma, and use brain-based and somatic-based therapies to treat headaches, chronic pain, digestive problems, sleep problems, dizziness, fainting, anxiety, panic attacks or unexplained neurological symptoms (visual changes, non-epileptic events or conversion disorder).
Many of the common symptoms people experience are actually related to chronic stress or trauma. This is not recognized by most physicians, so patients are often prescribed multiple medications and referred to many subspecialists, without any real relief of their symptoms. I help patients identify if their symptoms are actually related to stress or trauma, and use brain-based and somatic-based therapies to treat headaches, chronic pain, digestive problems, sleep problems, dizziness, fainting, anxiety, panic attacks or unexplained neurological symptoms (visual changes, non-epileptic events or conversion disorder).
(831) 432-7906 View (831) 432-7906
Photo of Shelly Eyre Graham, MA, PhD, Psychologist
Shelly Eyre Graham
Psychologist, MA, PhD
Verified Verified
Boulder Creek, CA 95006
"The wound is the place where the light enters you." (Rumi) Suffering is universal. Our suffering invites us to turn within, pay close attention and become more intimate with who we are. Turning within can initiate a process of healing and transformation. Attending to "what is really going on" with a skilled companion offers safe passage through difficult spaces, time to slow down, ways to connect with parts of ourselves that need love and attention. We gently explore: feelings, situations, pain, dilemmas, trauma, longings and dreams. Through collaborative conversation and care, we gain insight and create new ways of being.
"The wound is the place where the light enters you." (Rumi) Suffering is universal. Our suffering invites us to turn within, pay close attention and become more intimate with who we are. Turning within can initiate a process of healing and transformation. Attending to "what is really going on" with a skilled companion offers safe passage through difficult spaces, time to slow down, ways to connect with parts of ourselves that need love and attention. We gently explore: feelings, situations, pain, dilemmas, trauma, longings and dreams. Through collaborative conversation and care, we gain insight and create new ways of being.
(307) 209-3430 View (307) 209-3430

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Elisabeth Powell, PhD, Psychologist
Elisabeth Powell
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Felton, CA 95018  (Online Only)
Welcome! Are you struggling with getting stuck in your spiraling thoughts? Do you have a hard time concentrating because your mind can’t quiet? Or getting stuck in decision making paralysis? Does your mind continue to beat you up with thoughts about past experiences or worries about the future? If so, we should talk :) I specialize in working with folks with anxiety to better understand, manage, and navigate the way your mind works. Although anxiety can get in the way of living the life you want, that does not have to be the case! We can work together to develop the skills to overcome those patterns and show up fully in your life.
Welcome! Are you struggling with getting stuck in your spiraling thoughts? Do you have a hard time concentrating because your mind can’t quiet? Or getting stuck in decision making paralysis? Does your mind continue to beat you up with thoughts about past experiences or worries about the future? If so, we should talk :) I specialize in working with folks with anxiety to better understand, manage, and navigate the way your mind works. Although anxiety can get in the way of living the life you want, that does not have to be the case! We can work together to develop the skills to overcome those patterns and show up fully in your life.
(831) 273-7897 View (831) 273-7897
Photo of Jennifer Casey, AMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Jennifer Casey
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Felton, CA 95018
Waitlist for new clients
We'll probably be a good fit if you are looking for a space of genuine understanding and empowerment. Maybe you are grappling with life's challenges, seeking clarity, and striving for positive change and growth. Whether you're navigating ADHD, depression, anxiety, or exploring your identity and relationships, you want to feel seen, heard, and valued. You're open to exploring your experiences and desire a safe, non-judgmental environment where your journey toward fulfillment can thrive. I have a deep affinity for working with individuals who identify as queer, neurodivergent, or those facing addiction.
We'll probably be a good fit if you are looking for a space of genuine understanding and empowerment. Maybe you are grappling with life's challenges, seeking clarity, and striving for positive change and growth. Whether you're navigating ADHD, depression, anxiety, or exploring your identity and relationships, you want to feel seen, heard, and valued. You're open to exploring your experiences and desire a safe, non-judgmental environment where your journey toward fulfillment can thrive. I have a deep affinity for working with individuals who identify as queer, neurodivergent, or those facing addiction.
View
Photo of Sylvia Yee, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Sylvia Yee
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ben Lomond, CA 95005
Stressed out? Can't focus or sustain your attention? Worried about a family member or friend? Caught between caring for your children and caring for your parents? Can't sleep? Underperforming? Having bothersome thoughts? Can't get going? Disorganized? Distracted? Lost interest in things you once enjoyed? These things don't have to manage your life. You can learn how to manage them instead of them managing you. Working together, you will learn adaptive ways to think and respond to various stressors and develop healthy coping strategies. Get back to life!
Stressed out? Can't focus or sustain your attention? Worried about a family member or friend? Caught between caring for your children and caring for your parents? Can't sleep? Underperforming? Having bothersome thoughts? Can't get going? Disorganized? Distracted? Lost interest in things you once enjoyed? These things don't have to manage your life. You can learn how to manage them instead of them managing you. Working together, you will learn adaptive ways to think and respond to various stressors and develop healthy coping strategies. Get back to life!
(831) 531-2596 View (831) 531-2596
Photo of Veronica K. Tonay, PhD, MA, Psychologist
Veronica K. Tonay
Psychologist, PhD, MA
Verified Verified
Santa Cruz, CA 95061  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Taking only returning clients. For 30 years, I've successfully treated those suffering with the pain and frustration of depression, anxiety, grief, relationship issues, creative blocks, and life transitions (several of these overlap!). I earned my doctorate at UC Berkeley, and, in addition to my psychotherapy practice, taught clinical psychology at UCSC until 2018. Psychologists are ethically required to use demonstrated treatments for clients' backgrounds and difficulties. I'm fortunate to have trained in many effective therapeutic methods, tailored to each client's needs & personality. I'm available only via video/phone sessions.
Taking only returning clients. For 30 years, I've successfully treated those suffering with the pain and frustration of depression, anxiety, grief, relationship issues, creative blocks, and life transitions (several of these overlap!). I earned my doctorate at UC Berkeley, and, in addition to my psychotherapy practice, taught clinical psychology at UCSC until 2018. Psychologists are ethically required to use demonstrated treatments for clients' backgrounds and difficulties. I'm fortunate to have trained in many effective therapeutic methods, tailored to each client's needs & personality. I'm available only via video/phone sessions.
(831) 359-4793 View (831) 359-4793
Photo of Ashwini Gupta - LifeCoach/Shamanic Practioner;Animal Communicator, MA, LMFT, Reiki, Shaman, Marriage & Family Therapist
LifeCoach/Shamanic Practioner;Animal Communicator
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, Reiki, Shaman
Verified Verified
Santa Cruz, CA 95060  (Online Only)
Namaste! My goal is to collaboratively explore your unique circumstances and help you develop practical strategies to overcome self-limiting beliefs and unhelpful patterns of thought and behavior. Through compassionate listening, empathic understanding, and evidence-based techniques, I aim to facilitate increased self-awareness, resilience, and a greater sense of well-being. Whether you're facing challenges in your personal or professional life, I welcome individuals of all backgrounds and orientations. Together, we can explore your inner experiences, clarify your values, and work towards a more satisfying and meaningful life.
Namaste! My goal is to collaboratively explore your unique circumstances and help you develop practical strategies to overcome self-limiting beliefs and unhelpful patterns of thought and behavior. Through compassionate listening, empathic understanding, and evidence-based techniques, I aim to facilitate increased self-awareness, resilience, and a greater sense of well-being. Whether you're facing challenges in your personal or professional life, I welcome individuals of all backgrounds and orientations. Together, we can explore your inner experiences, clarify your values, and work towards a more satisfying and meaningful life.
(831) 237-1544 View (831) 237-1544
Photo of Rahel Sandra Price, PhD, Psychologist
Rahel Sandra Price
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Felton, CA 95018  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Hi I am Dr. Rahel Price, a licensed clinical psychologist with over 20 years of experience. I have received my training and earned a Ph.D. at the University of Zurich, Switzerland and at the Professional School for Psychology in San Diego and am fluent in English and German. I am trained in a variety of evidence based treatment approaches providing mental including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Psychodynamic Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Treatment, Motivational Interviewing as well as Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy and has experience working with a broad variety of concerns and issues.
Hi I am Dr. Rahel Price, a licensed clinical psychologist with over 20 years of experience. I have received my training and earned a Ph.D. at the University of Zurich, Switzerland and at the Professional School for Psychology in San Diego and am fluent in English and German. I am trained in a variety of evidence based treatment approaches providing mental including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Psychodynamic Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Treatment, Motivational Interviewing as well as Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy and has experience working with a broad variety of concerns and issues.
(831) 304-3753 View (831) 304-3753
Photo of Janene Forsyth - Janene Forsyth, LMFT, #: 111435, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Janene Forsyth, LMFT, #: 111435
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Ben Lomond, CA 95005  (Online Only)
If you are struggling with depression, anxiety, a challenging transition, loss, trauma, or relationship issues, call me for a free 20 minute psychotherapy consultation. Along with being a licensed marriage family therapist, I am also a certified hypnotherapist. I am compassionate, and skilled to help you move through your path of healing. My sessions are through HIPPA compliant "TeleMentalHealth" technology or online therapy, so I'm as close as your phone or computer.
If you are struggling with depression, anxiety, a challenging transition, loss, trauma, or relationship issues, call me for a free 20 minute psychotherapy consultation. Along with being a licensed marriage family therapist, I am also a certified hypnotherapist. I am compassionate, and skilled to help you move through your path of healing. My sessions are through HIPPA compliant "TeleMentalHealth" technology or online therapy, so I'm as close as your phone or computer.
(831) 278-4126 View (831) 278-4126
Photo of Garret Conway, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Garret Conway
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
Thanks for reaching out and welcome. I view therapy as a collaboration where therapist and client work together to connect with an inner healing intelligence and unconditional positive regard within each of us. We can then tend to trauma, grief, resentments, and limiting beliefs that are contributing to symptoms. With humility and reverence for the resilience, courage and vulnerability it can take to heal ourselves, I create a nonjudgemental, kind and compassionate space with room for humor, absurdity and fun.
Thanks for reaching out and welcome. I view therapy as a collaboration where therapist and client work together to connect with an inner healing intelligence and unconditional positive regard within each of us. We can then tend to trauma, grief, resentments, and limiting beliefs that are contributing to symptoms. With humility and reverence for the resilience, courage and vulnerability it can take to heal ourselves, I create a nonjudgemental, kind and compassionate space with room for humor, absurdity and fun.
View
Photo of Dani B. Hope - Hope Therapy, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Hope Therapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Felton, CA 95018  (Online Only)
I offer relational psychotherapy to individuals and couples, in order to help you navigate the multi-directional obstacle course of life! I bring my experience of life, death, aging parents, the corporate world, blended families and ceremonial work. I have spent over 35 yrs. as a Nichiren Buddhist, and incorporate Eastern philosophy into my practice. Our sessions are filled with unconditional positive regard, directive support and intuitional influence in order to assist you in finding your own path for living your truest and most authentic self.
I offer relational psychotherapy to individuals and couples, in order to help you navigate the multi-directional obstacle course of life! I bring my experience of life, death, aging parents, the corporate world, blended families and ceremonial work. I have spent over 35 yrs. as a Nichiren Buddhist, and incorporate Eastern philosophy into my practice. Our sessions are filled with unconditional positive regard, directive support and intuitional influence in order to assist you in finding your own path for living your truest and most authentic self.
(831) 252-0170 View (831) 252-0170
Photo of Amanda Edwards, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Amanda Edwards
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Santa Cruz, CA 95061
​I provide experiential sex & intimacy coaching, as well as group facilitation, to help get you out of your head and into your body, to explore what connects you to your pleasure and allows you to step into your power.
​I provide experiential sex & intimacy coaching, as well as group facilitation, to help get you out of your head and into your body, to explore what connects you to your pleasure and allows you to step into your power.
View
Photo of Dawn Jennifer Collins, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Dawn Jennifer Collins
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Felton, CA 95018  (Online Only)
Online counseling! Life is challenging and having extra support during hard times can make a world of difference. Great job on your first step of looking for a therapist! Whether you have been feeling anxious, going through a tough change, or having relationship issues, we will work together to discover more about yourself and how to feel more peaceful about your life.
Online counseling! Life is challenging and having extra support during hard times can make a world of difference. Great job on your first step of looking for a therapist! Whether you have been feeling anxious, going through a tough change, or having relationship issues, we will work together to discover more about yourself and how to feel more peaceful about your life.
(831) 525-0041 View (831) 525-0041
Photo of Dana Schlick, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Dana Schlick
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
I want to reflect the wholeness that exists within you at this moment, even with the challenges and stuckness you might be experiencing. I believe healing begins with creating the space for a different kind of relating with yourself and your life that honors your innate wisdom. One that is fed by curiosity, compassion, and loving presence. Through supporting the wisdom of your body-mind-spirit-soul, it is possible to move beyond "managing" painful symptoms and stuck patterns that often emerge from past overwhelming life experiences and trauma into true healing, authentic vitality and engagement with life. Healing is possible.
I want to reflect the wholeness that exists within you at this moment, even with the challenges and stuckness you might be experiencing. I believe healing begins with creating the space for a different kind of relating with yourself and your life that honors your innate wisdom. One that is fed by curiosity, compassion, and loving presence. Through supporting the wisdom of your body-mind-spirit-soul, it is possible to move beyond "managing" painful symptoms and stuck patterns that often emerge from past overwhelming life experiences and trauma into true healing, authentic vitality and engagement with life. Healing is possible.
(831) 740-8325 View (831) 740-8325

See more therapy options for 95006

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 95006

< 10

Therapists in 95006 who prioritize treating:

100% Anxiety
88% Depression
75% Relationship Issues
75% Grief
75% Trauma and PTSD
63% Parenting
63% Anger Management

Average years in practice

15 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

60% Aetna
60% Cigna and Evernorth
40% Other

How Therapists in 95006 see their clients

75% In Person and Online
25% Online Only

Gender breakdown

88% Female
12% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 95006?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.