Photo of Dr. Saarah D Nicolas, PhD, Psychologist
Dr. Saarah D Nicolas
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94158  (Online Only)
Have you experienced a traumatic event that has left you feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or unable to move forward? Or maybe grew up in a home that left you struggling to feel safe or worthy of love? If so, I want you to know that you are not alone. Trauma can really shake up our lives, affecting our identity, relationships, work-life balance, and the ability to just feel comfortable in our own skin. Whether you have experienced a one-time traumatic event or a pattern of ongoing trauma, I am here to help. Together, we will explore your experiences and develop practical tools to help you overcome trauma and reclaim your life.
Have you experienced a traumatic event that has left you feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or unable to move forward? Or maybe grew up in a home that left you struggling to feel safe or worthy of love? If so, I want you to know that you are not alone. Trauma can really shake up our lives, affecting our identity, relationships, work-life balance, and the ability to just feel comfortable in our own skin. Whether you have experienced a one-time traumatic event or a pattern of ongoing trauma, I am here to help. Together, we will explore your experiences and develop practical tools to help you overcome trauma and reclaim your life.
(341) 444-3958 View (341) 444-3958
Photo of Dr. Queena Quintana, LPCC, LPC, NCC, BC-TMH, RYT-200, Counselor
Dr. Queena Quintana
Counselor, LPCC, LPC, NCC, BC-TMH, RYT-200
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94158  (Online Only)
Do you struggle with attentiveness/concentration, organization, forgetfulness or following directions to the point where it affects your ability to function at work, school or at home? Do you ever feel frustrated, overwhelmed or anxious when faced with multiple, new or difficult tasks? Do you ever wonder what life would feel like if you no longer had to carry emotional baggage due to these difficulties? Now, more than ever, people are struggling with balancing life's responsibilities to the point where both the mind and body are negatively impacted. I believe it shouldn't be so hard to live a soft, easeful and centered life.
Do you struggle with attentiveness/concentration, organization, forgetfulness or following directions to the point where it affects your ability to function at work, school or at home? Do you ever feel frustrated, overwhelmed or anxious when faced with multiple, new or difficult tasks? Do you ever wonder what life would feel like if you no longer had to carry emotional baggage due to these difficulties? Now, more than ever, people are struggling with balancing life's responsibilities to the point where both the mind and body are negatively impacted. I believe it shouldn't be so hard to live a soft, easeful and centered life.
(341) 234-2028 View (341) 234-2028
Photo of Emily Donavon, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Emily Donavon
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94158  (Online Only)
Hi, I'm Emily. I am here to know, educate, and encourage young people and their families to help them understand themselves, take excellent care of themselves, and to have healthy, vulnerable relationships.
Hi, I'm Emily. I am here to know, educate, and encourage young people and their families to help them understand themselves, take excellent care of themselves, and to have healthy, vulnerable relationships.
(415) 340-8903 View (415) 340-8903
Michelle Wright
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94158
It isn't always easy to reach outside of ourselves when we are feeling deeply lonely and experiencing extreme emotions. Yet these are precisely the times when it makes sense to try to find people with whom we can talk to without fear of judgment or rejection. In my role as your Therapist, I actively commit to strive to be one of those people and meet you wherever you are emotionally, and in a comfortable, confidential and respectful setting. As a multicultural practitioner, I am integrally connected to various cultures which enable me to balance multiple perspectives.
It isn't always easy to reach outside of ourselves when we are feeling deeply lonely and experiencing extreme emotions. Yet these are precisely the times when it makes sense to try to find people with whom we can talk to without fear of judgment or rejection. In my role as your Therapist, I actively commit to strive to be one of those people and meet you wherever you are emotionally, and in a comfortable, confidential and respectful setting. As a multicultural practitioner, I am integrally connected to various cultures which enable me to balance multiple perspectives.
(628) 277-4265 View (628) 277-4265
Photo of Dr. Jared Boot-Haury, PsyD , MBA, CST, HSP, Psychologist
Dr. Jared Boot-Haury
Psychologist, PsyD , MBA, CST, HSP
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94158  (Online Only)
My ideal client is someone who is seeking a deeper connection with themselves and others, and who is ready to explore aspects of their identity, sexuality, or relationships that may feel confusing or challenging. They may be dealing with issues such as sexual identity exploration, psychosexual concerns, anxiety, depression, or relationship difficulties, and are seeking a safe, affirming space to work through these challenges.
My ideal client is someone who is seeking a deeper connection with themselves and others, and who is ready to explore aspects of their identity, sexuality, or relationships that may feel confusing or challenging. They may be dealing with issues such as sexual identity exploration, psychosexual concerns, anxiety, depression, or relationship difficulties, and are seeking a safe, affirming space to work through these challenges.
(650) 670-4842 View (650) 670-4842
Photo of Nicholas Lawrence Seibel, AMFT , Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Nicholas Lawrence Seibel
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94158  (Online Only)
Nice to meet you! My name is Nicholas and I am excited to meet with you. I am a California local born and raised in Los Angeles but now reside in San Francisco. I received my education in San Francisco and thrive in a city full of advanced technology and innovation. Combining both evidence-based cognitive behavioral therapy and the mindfulness of Buddhist teachings, Acceptance and Commitment therapy has proven healing and useful to many clients. I also enjoy working through your childhood experiences. Together, I can help you develop the competency to face your past, find comfort in the present, and look forward to the future.
Nice to meet you! My name is Nicholas and I am excited to meet with you. I am a California local born and raised in Los Angeles but now reside in San Francisco. I received my education in San Francisco and thrive in a city full of advanced technology and innovation. Combining both evidence-based cognitive behavioral therapy and the mindfulness of Buddhist teachings, Acceptance and Commitment therapy has proven healing and useful to many clients. I also enjoy working through your childhood experiences. Together, I can help you develop the competency to face your past, find comfort in the present, and look forward to the future.
(760) 276-6437 View (760) 276-6437
Photo of Tyler Willis, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tyler Willis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94158  (Online Only)
There's a difference between managing anxiety and truly thriving. If you're tired of just getting by, it's time to break free from the cycle of stress and worry. Together, we'll explore practical techniques and personalized strategies that ease your tension and promote real personal growth, helping you face life's challenges with clarity and purpose. My laid-back, relatable approach creates a comfortable space where you can be yourself and make genuine progress without feeling judged or pressured.
There's a difference between managing anxiety and truly thriving. If you're tired of just getting by, it's time to break free from the cycle of stress and worry. Together, we'll explore practical techniques and personalized strategies that ease your tension and promote real personal growth, helping you face life's challenges with clarity and purpose. My laid-back, relatable approach creates a comfortable space where you can be yourself and make genuine progress without feeling judged or pressured.
(737) 520-4920 View (737) 520-4920
Photo of Morenike F Oshi-Ojuri - Ojuri Psychology Practices, PsyD, Psychologist
Ojuri Psychology Practices
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94158
As a licensed clinical psychologist, I'm qualified to care for individuals who may be facing life stressors, such as discrimination, gender identity issues, sexuality issues, loss of relationships, or life transitions. I also treat those who may be facing painful or severe psychiatric symptoms related to borderline personality traits, major depression, bipolar disorder, panic or post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). I provide clinical intervention through evidenced based psychotherapy practices, provide diagnoses counseling or second opinions.
As a licensed clinical psychologist, I'm qualified to care for individuals who may be facing life stressors, such as discrimination, gender identity issues, sexuality issues, loss of relationships, or life transitions. I also treat those who may be facing painful or severe psychiatric symptoms related to borderline personality traits, major depression, bipolar disorder, panic or post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). I provide clinical intervention through evidenced based psychotherapy practices, provide diagnoses counseling or second opinions.
(925) 275-5746 View (925) 275-5746
Photo of Leland Anderson Merrill, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Leland Anderson Merrill
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94158
Everyone experiences difficulties and pain as part of being human. However, when you're in the thick of it, the path forward can seem terrifying, unclear or out of reach. I help clients to connect with their emotional wisdom in order to find clarity and make changes that support their healing.
Everyone experiences difficulties and pain as part of being human. However, when you're in the thick of it, the path forward can seem terrifying, unclear or out of reach. I help clients to connect with their emotional wisdom in order to find clarity and make changes that support their healing.
(734) 215-9122 View (734) 215-9122
Photo of Lisa Abdilova Andresen, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lisa Abdilova Andresen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94158
Even the most successful people could benefit from support sometimes. Are you getting sick of what's bothering you? Feeling unlike yourself, beating yourself up, disappointed in your relationships, or frustrated with your family? Learn how to redirect unproductive thoughts. What if therapy could help you unwind and have fun — even when you're stressed? It's okay to set boundaries, prioritize your values, and make space to clarify what you want and need to be happy. Together, we can problem-solve what doesn't seem right in your job, life, or business, and develop personalized tools and strategies to help you reach your goals.
Even the most successful people could benefit from support sometimes. Are you getting sick of what's bothering you? Feeling unlike yourself, beating yourself up, disappointed in your relationships, or frustrated with your family? Learn how to redirect unproductive thoughts. What if therapy could help you unwind and have fun — even when you're stressed? It's okay to set boundaries, prioritize your values, and make space to clarify what you want and need to be happy. Together, we can problem-solve what doesn't seem right in your job, life, or business, and develop personalized tools and strategies to help you reach your goals.
(628) 200-3816 View (628) 200-3816
Photo of Alisa Genovese, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Alisa Genovese
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94158
My work is largely as an innate wisdom coach, I believe you'll learn to listen and trust your own innate wisdom, as we work collaboratively to move you past what's blocking wholeness. If given the right support and nurturance, our psyches, much like our bodies, will naturally move towards healing and higher consciousness. ​ My work combines insight and intuition with a warm, open, and interactive style.
My work is largely as an innate wisdom coach, I believe you'll learn to listen and trust your own innate wisdom, as we work collaboratively to move you past what's blocking wholeness. If given the right support and nurturance, our psyches, much like our bodies, will naturally move towards healing and higher consciousness. ​ My work combines insight and intuition with a warm, open, and interactive style.
(828) 382-8719 View (828) 382-8719
Photo of Rumee Sun, MSMFT, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Rumee Sun
Marriage & Family Therapist, MSMFT, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94158  (Online Only)
Do you feel overwhelmed, stressed, and burned out because of your life challenges? Going through life transitions, dealing with cultural issues, work stress, relationship difficulties with partner, children, other families and friends, sleep difficulties, and emotional challenges due to different factors including trauma — You may feel frustrated and helpless when you try to cope with these issues by yourself. I can help. Together, we will find a way to better understand the issues, process all your emotions in a safe place, and find best ways to manage them. I take great joy and pleasure witnessing you achieving your best self.
Do you feel overwhelmed, stressed, and burned out because of your life challenges? Going through life transitions, dealing with cultural issues, work stress, relationship difficulties with partner, children, other families and friends, sleep difficulties, and emotional challenges due to different factors including trauma — You may feel frustrated and helpless when you try to cope with these issues by yourself. I can help. Together, we will find a way to better understand the issues, process all your emotions in a safe place, and find best ways to manage them. I take great joy and pleasure witnessing you achieving your best self.
(949) 919-6677 View (949) 919-6677
Photo of Anita K Morris, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Anita K Morris
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94158
Pain is a part of life, but pain does not have to control your life. Let's face it -- the reality of pain is not the problem. How you are responding to that reality is. Addiction, loss, betrayal, change, and trauma are just a few of the ways in which pain shows up and seemingly takes over our lives. The ultimate goal of Bayview Counseling Services is NOT to remove the pain of life and living, but to help you to live your life fully and effectively in spite of the pain. Who's in charge of your life -- you or your pain?
Pain is a part of life, but pain does not have to control your life. Let's face it -- the reality of pain is not the problem. How you are responding to that reality is. Addiction, loss, betrayal, change, and trauma are just a few of the ways in which pain shows up and seemingly takes over our lives. The ultimate goal of Bayview Counseling Services is NOT to remove the pain of life and living, but to help you to live your life fully and effectively in spite of the pain. Who's in charge of your life -- you or your pain?
(703) 844-9855 View (703) 844-9855
Photo of Caitlin West, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Caitlin West
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94158  (Online Only)
Is a chronic or serious illness impacting your life? Are you struggling with anxiety, adjustment to illness, uncertainty, role changes, loss, or depression? Do you find yourself feeling overwhelmed or isolated in your experience? I can help you. I help clients navigate the impact that illness has on all areas of their lives. Please note that I am part of the Compassionate Integrative Counseling Group. Our group consists of three seasoned therapists who specialize in working with patients, caregivers, and loved ones around the complexities of serious illness.
Is a chronic or serious illness impacting your life? Are you struggling with anxiety, adjustment to illness, uncertainty, role changes, loss, or depression? Do you find yourself feeling overwhelmed or isolated in your experience? I can help you. I help clients navigate the impact that illness has on all areas of their lives. Please note that I am part of the Compassionate Integrative Counseling Group. Our group consists of three seasoned therapists who specialize in working with patients, caregivers, and loved ones around the complexities of serious illness.
(707) 634-8419 View (707) 634-8419
Photo of Brandy Dunn - Silver Lake Psychology--San Francisco location, PsyD, Psychologist
Silver Lake Psychology--San Francisco location
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94158  (Online Only)
Learn how to feel more connected to yourself, others and the world around you. Therapy provides all the elements of intimacy: honest communication, vulnerability and trust. Good therapy is challenging yet warm, providing both structure and empathy for your unique experience. We are a collective of therapists with a wide range of specialties. Our intake professionals will help connect you with the right therapist for your needs. We make appointments easy, offering evenings and weekends and flexibility for creative professionals who can't make the same time each week.
Learn how to feel more connected to yourself, others and the world around you. Therapy provides all the elements of intimacy: honest communication, vulnerability and trust. Good therapy is challenging yet warm, providing both structure and empathy for your unique experience. We are a collective of therapists with a wide range of specialties. Our intake professionals will help connect you with the right therapist for your needs. We make appointments easy, offering evenings and weekends and flexibility for creative professionals who can't make the same time each week.
(415) 532-8835 View (415) 532-8835
Photo of Roxanna Palacios, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Roxanna Palacios
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94158
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in the state of California with a history of working in the mental health industry for approximately 8 years. I am skilled and trained in various therapeutic approaches. I obtained a Master’s Degree focused on marriage, family, and child therapy. I am a down-to-earth, respectful, open-minded person using an empathetic approach to assist an individual with the relief of symptoms and improved daily life functioning.
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in the state of California with a history of working in the mental health industry for approximately 8 years. I am skilled and trained in various therapeutic approaches. I obtained a Master’s Degree focused on marriage, family, and child therapy. I am a down-to-earth, respectful, open-minded person using an empathetic approach to assist an individual with the relief of symptoms and improved daily life functioning.
(909) 345-8186 View (909) 345-8186
Photo of Anna Alper, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Anna Alper
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94158  (Online Only)
I once heard this metaphor about the lotus flower: "The lotus flower grows deep in muddy waters, far away from the sun. In time the Lotus reaches the light and transforms into a beautiful flower." You may be faced with many challenges right now: stress, anxiety, a terminal diagnosis, or perhaps you are experiencing loss of a loved one. Like the lotus flower, it may seem that everything around you is dark and the light seems very distant. It is my passion to help get you through that muddy water and help you bloom into the beautiful lotus that I know you are.
I once heard this metaphor about the lotus flower: "The lotus flower grows deep in muddy waters, far away from the sun. In time the Lotus reaches the light and transforms into a beautiful flower." You may be faced with many challenges right now: stress, anxiety, a terminal diagnosis, or perhaps you are experiencing loss of a loved one. Like the lotus flower, it may seem that everything around you is dark and the light seems very distant. It is my passion to help get you through that muddy water and help you bloom into the beautiful lotus that I know you are.
(650) 590-8869 View (650) 590-8869
Photo of Sarah Lauterbach, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Sarah Lauterbach
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94158  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Your teen is the epitome of a high achiever, excelling in academics, sports, and extracurriculars with unwavering determination. While they meticulously planned and executed their goals, every achievement was tempered by a relentless fear of failure. The pressure to maintain their stellar performance weighed heavily on their shoulders, often leaving them sleep-deprived and mentally exhausted. Despite their outward success, anxiety manifested in perfectionism and self-doubt, leaving them feeling inadequate even in the face of praise and recognition from teachers and peers alike.
Your teen is the epitome of a high achiever, excelling in academics, sports, and extracurriculars with unwavering determination. While they meticulously planned and executed their goals, every achievement was tempered by a relentless fear of failure. The pressure to maintain their stellar performance weighed heavily on their shoulders, often leaving them sleep-deprived and mentally exhausted. Despite their outward success, anxiety manifested in perfectionism and self-doubt, leaving them feeling inadequate even in the face of praise and recognition from teachers and peers alike.
(831) 263-0137 View (831) 263-0137
Photo of Kimberly Kono, PhD, Psychologist
Kimberly Kono
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94158  (Online Only)
There are many important reasons why people come to therapy. For some, they may want to learn to manage their anxiety and depression, improve their relationships and set boundaries with others, and/or process painful experiences from their past. For others, they may want to address their perfectionism and unrealistic expectations, learn strategies to manage their ADHD, and/or cope with life or career transitions.
There are many important reasons why people come to therapy. For some, they may want to learn to manage their anxiety and depression, improve their relationships and set boundaries with others, and/or process painful experiences from their past. For others, they may want to address their perfectionism and unrealistic expectations, learn strategies to manage their ADHD, and/or cope with life or career transitions.
(415) 881-5439 View (415) 881-5439
Photo of Lilac Kenner, AMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Lilac Kenner
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94158
Are you stuck in a cycle of anxiety, insecurity, and feeling at war with your body? Do you feel insecure and anxious more often than not? I help you through a combination of therapeutic expertise, personal experience, and my versatile approach tailored to YOU and your needs. Therapy is one way to start or continue your journey towards peace, contentment, and joy in your everyday life.
Are you stuck in a cycle of anxiety, insecurity, and feeling at war with your body? Do you feel insecure and anxious more often than not? I help you through a combination of therapeutic expertise, personal experience, and my versatile approach tailored to YOU and your needs. Therapy is one way to start or continue your journey towards peace, contentment, and joy in your everyday life.
(510) 876-4340 View (510) 876-4340
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See more therapy options for 94158

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 94158

20+

Average cost per session

$182

Therapists in 94158 who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
86% Depression
77% Stress
64% Relationship Issues
59% Coping Skills
59% Self Esteem
59% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

86% Aetna
86% Cigna and Evernorth
71% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in 94158 see their clients

59% Online Only
41% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

81% Female
15% Male
4% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 94158?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.