Photo of Debra Safren, PsyD, Psychologist
Debra Safren
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94106
If you struggle with feelings of sadness or worry and want to experience more joy and happiness, Cognitive Behavioral therapy can help. Good psychotherapy can change your life for the better. I have found that difficult issues can be healed with the right treatment and connection to a knowledgeable clinician. Please don't hesitate to contact me.
If you struggle with feelings of sadness or worry and want to experience more joy and happiness, Cognitive Behavioral therapy can help. Good psychotherapy can change your life for the better. I have found that difficult issues can be healed with the right treatment and connection to a knowledgeable clinician. Please don't hesitate to contact me.
(510) 466-1179 View (510) 466-1179
Photo of Mena K Zaminsky, PsyD, MA, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Mena K Zaminsky
Marriage & Family Therapist, PsyD, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94106  (Online Only)
People often begin therapy because they are in emotional pain or a crisis and need relief from their suffering. While difficult, it is often the catalyst that opens the door to creative life force and new possibilities in living in the world. Psychotherapy is a deeply personal, individualized, alchemical process. I serve clients in the areas of trauma, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), relationship issues, anxiety, addictions and self-development. I assist clients in not only getting relief from their suffering but also enhancing their personal and spiritual lives and having healthier relationships with themselves and others.
People often begin therapy because they are in emotional pain or a crisis and need relief from their suffering. While difficult, it is often the catalyst that opens the door to creative life force and new possibilities in living in the world. Psychotherapy is a deeply personal, individualized, alchemical process. I serve clients in the areas of trauma, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), relationship issues, anxiety, addictions and self-development. I assist clients in not only getting relief from their suffering but also enhancing their personal and spiritual lives and having healthier relationships with themselves and others.
(415) 799-9440 View (415) 799-9440
Photo of Thomas Gerard Browne - Thomas Browne, Ph. D., Ph, D, Psychologist
Thomas Browne, Ph. D.
Psychologist, Ph, D
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94106
My work embraces two levels. 1. Licensed clinical psychologist with a range of classical methods. 2. Board Certified Senior Fellow in Medical Neurofeedback and QEEG (not consumer level for amusement/recreation). Clients develop a more powerful sense of relaxed self-esteem and an effective understanding of how to manage life traumas and stress more effectively. Several publications in mental health and medical neurofeedback. "The Encyclopedia of Mental Health", "Neurofeedback First 50 Years". The combination of clinical therapy and medical neurofeedback can be powerful, healing, and transformative in its ability to change lives.
My work embraces two levels. 1. Licensed clinical psychologist with a range of classical methods. 2. Board Certified Senior Fellow in Medical Neurofeedback and QEEG (not consumer level for amusement/recreation). Clients develop a more powerful sense of relaxed self-esteem and an effective understanding of how to manage life traumas and stress more effectively. Several publications in mental health and medical neurofeedback. "The Encyclopedia of Mental Health", "Neurofeedback First 50 Years". The combination of clinical therapy and medical neurofeedback can be powerful, healing, and transformative in its ability to change lives.
(415) 401-0777 View (415) 401-0777
Photo of Leigh Lyndon, PsyD, Psychologist
Leigh Lyndon
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94106
Life moves so quickly these days, it's hard to take the time to really think about who we are and how we are living. Often, it takes years of patterns that are hurtful or self-destructive to wonder why we aren't feeling happy or fulfilled. Psychotherapy can provide the time and space to really understand and experience ourselves in a new way. I will listen with curiosity and warmth and will collaborate with you to help effect positive change in your life and relationships.
Life moves so quickly these days, it's hard to take the time to really think about who we are and how we are living. Often, it takes years of patterns that are hurtful or self-destructive to wonder why we aren't feeling happy or fulfilled. Psychotherapy can provide the time and space to really understand and experience ourselves in a new way. I will listen with curiosity and warmth and will collaborate with you to help effect positive change in your life and relationships.
(510) 254-3504 View (510) 254-3504
Photo of Cindi Rivera, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Cindi Rivera
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94106
I am a bilingual bicultural psychotherapist working with adults and couples who are having problems in their relationships and/or who feel badly about themselves or their life situation. The in-depth work I do focuses on one's feelings and significant relationships - past and present. With compassion and deep personal respect, I help my clients to deal with the painful issues, losses and complex struggles of living. I work well with anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, parenting issues, inter-racial couples, life transitions, loss, and trauma; toward repairing the relationships that are inevitably affected by these problems.
I am a bilingual bicultural psychotherapist working with adults and couples who are having problems in their relationships and/or who feel badly about themselves or their life situation. The in-depth work I do focuses on one's feelings and significant relationships - past and present. With compassion and deep personal respect, I help my clients to deal with the painful issues, losses and complex struggles of living. I work well with anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, parenting issues, inter-racial couples, life transitions, loss, and trauma; toward repairing the relationships that are inevitably affected by these problems.
(510) 470-7374 View (510) 470-7374
Photo of Ilene Rich-Holtzberg Ph.D., PhD, Psychologist
Ilene Rich-Holtzberg Ph.D.
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94106
My focus is to develop a relationship with the client. This is called the two person model which is different than the old fashion practice where the doctor is one up and the client is one down. Rather, the two person model attempts to understand the client through questions and mutual discussion. I am not a silent therapist. I give feedback and remain fully engaged with the patient. Together we build a rapport. I adhere to a humanistic approach.
My focus is to develop a relationship with the client. This is called the two person model which is different than the old fashion practice where the doctor is one up and the client is one down. Rather, the two person model attempts to understand the client through questions and mutual discussion. I am not a silent therapist. I give feedback and remain fully engaged with the patient. Together we build a rapport. I adhere to a humanistic approach.
(415) 366-8999 View (415) 366-8999
Photo of Ruth Lieu, PsyD, Psychologist
Ruth Lieu
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94106
Welcome! I work with adult clients looking for help and support with a range of challenges. My specializations are in depression, anxiety and critical life transitions. I also provide career coaching. I have a background in clinical psychology and business and commonly work with individuals who are seeking help with struggles they experience emotionally and personally that keep them from reaching their full potential in their careers. My goal is to help clients feel better and healthier so that they can enjoy a life engaged in activities that are meaningful to them and connected to people that fulfill them.
Welcome! I work with adult clients looking for help and support with a range of challenges. My specializations are in depression, anxiety and critical life transitions. I also provide career coaching. I have a background in clinical psychology and business and commonly work with individuals who are seeking help with struggles they experience emotionally and personally that keep them from reaching their full potential in their careers. My goal is to help clients feel better and healthier so that they can enjoy a life engaged in activities that are meaningful to them and connected to people that fulfill them.
(415) 969-2210 View (415) 969-2210
Photo of Megan O'Donnell, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Megan O'Donnell
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94106
By creating a safe, non-judgmental space for clients to reflect; I help individuals gain insight into their internal experience. By creating space to think together, I work to help clarify challenges that may be getting in the way of a client(s) well-being. I aim to provide my client(s) a new perspective and a deeper understanding of the presenting problem; which will create a greater awareness about the roots of their symptoms. I support each individual to set goals that are specific to their respective needs.
By creating a safe, non-judgmental space for clients to reflect; I help individuals gain insight into their internal experience. By creating space to think together, I work to help clarify challenges that may be getting in the way of a client(s) well-being. I aim to provide my client(s) a new perspective and a deeper understanding of the presenting problem; which will create a greater awareness about the roots of their symptoms. I support each individual to set goals that are specific to their respective needs.
(415) 384-5186 View (415) 384-5186
Photo of Ron Burg, PhD, Psychologist
Ron Burg
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94106  (Online Only)
I work with men, regardless of sexual orientation, who feel stuck in their lives in one way or another. My approach is individualized and varies depending upon who you are and what you want to work on. As a rule, however, my sessions are very active and directed. Men who have been in talk therapy before typically tell me that working with me is different. They say that we are breaking new ground rather than rehashing familiar territory. Things move and they start to see changes rather quickly. Check out at my website for more information.
I work with men, regardless of sexual orientation, who feel stuck in their lives in one way or another. My approach is individualized and varies depending upon who you are and what you want to work on. As a rule, however, my sessions are very active and directed. Men who have been in talk therapy before typically tell me that working with me is different. They say that we are breaking new ground rather than rehashing familiar territory. Things move and they start to see changes rather quickly. Check out at my website for more information.
(415) 858-6856 View (415) 858-6856
Photo of Danielle Kovac, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Danielle Kovac
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94106
Therapy is a powerful process of discovery and transformation. People begin therapy for many reasons. Maybe you currently feel stuck in negative beliefs, patterns, or behaviors. Or maybe you are looking for meaningful ways to change. Whatever your reason, we can work together to create long lasting change. Therapy can teach you how to be more compassionate towards yourself. You will discover and evaluate what is limiting your growth and well-being, and strive towards living a fulfilling and whole-hearted life.
Therapy is a powerful process of discovery and transformation. People begin therapy for many reasons. Maybe you currently feel stuck in negative beliefs, patterns, or behaviors. Or maybe you are looking for meaningful ways to change. Whatever your reason, we can work together to create long lasting change. Therapy can teach you how to be more compassionate towards yourself. You will discover and evaluate what is limiting your growth and well-being, and strive towards living a fulfilling and whole-hearted life.
(415) 799-5706 View (415) 799-5706
Photo of Evie Talmus, MS, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Evie Talmus
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, MFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94106  (Online Only)
Most of us want the same thing: to be happy. If you are on this website, you are most likely experiencing some discomfort - mental, physical, emotional - and have realized that sometimes it's hard to go it alone. You may be facing tenacious challenges like loneliness, less-than-satisfying relationships, illness, ADHD, anxiety, grief, low self-esteem, body/food conflicts, procrastination and parenting issues. If so, having someone who knows the terrain makes for a more successful outcome.
Most of us want the same thing: to be happy. If you are on this website, you are most likely experiencing some discomfort - mental, physical, emotional - and have realized that sometimes it's hard to go it alone. You may be facing tenacious challenges like loneliness, less-than-satisfying relationships, illness, ADHD, anxiety, grief, low self-esteem, body/food conflicts, procrastination and parenting issues. If so, having someone who knows the terrain makes for a more successful outcome.
(415) 655-1505 View (415) 655-1505
Photo of Dr. Manisha Sudindranath, PsyD, Psychologist
Dr. Manisha Sudindranath
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94106
Some of us experience extremely challenging, even terrible things in life, or we are not able to get over the pain or losses we have experienced in the past. I have studied and trained in the treatment of traumatic disturbances for over a decade and am passionate about helping people resolve symptoms that include: reliving or avoiding memories, negative moods and thoughts, and sometimes "dissociation" (feeling detached from oneself and others). I offer an effective psychotherapy method known as EMDR for addressing such symptoms, along with a compassionate, culturally sensitive approach to issues.
Some of us experience extremely challenging, even terrible things in life, or we are not able to get over the pain or losses we have experienced in the past. I have studied and trained in the treatment of traumatic disturbances for over a decade and am passionate about helping people resolve symptoms that include: reliving or avoiding memories, negative moods and thoughts, and sometimes "dissociation" (feeling detached from oneself and others). I offer an effective psychotherapy method known as EMDR for addressing such symptoms, along with a compassionate, culturally sensitive approach to issues.
(510) 431-9333 View (510) 431-9333
Photo of Diana Naranjo, PhD, Psychologist
Diana Naranjo
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94106
I am a clinical health psychologist with advanced training at Harvard Medical School and UCSF offering evidence-based treatments to alleviate distress and increase quality of life across the lifespan. I work in collaboration with adults, adolescents, and children on issues ranging from anxiety, depression, eating disorders, and ADHD, to medical issues. I use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, combining elements from Solution Focused Therapy, Relaxation Therapy, and ACT depending on particular client needs. I want LGBTQ clients to know that I have an affirming practice: I will support couples, families, and transgender people with the dignity and respect they deserve.
I am a clinical health psychologist with advanced training at Harvard Medical School and UCSF offering evidence-based treatments to alleviate distress and increase quality of life across the lifespan. I work in collaboration with adults, adolescents, and children on issues ranging from anxiety, depression, eating disorders, and ADHD, to medical issues. I use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, combining elements from Solution Focused Therapy, Relaxation Therapy, and ACT depending on particular client needs. I want LGBTQ clients to know that I have an affirming practice: I will support couples, families, and transgender people with the dignity and respect they deserve.
(415) 889-2831 View (415) 889-2831
Photo of Heather Wassarman, PhD, Psychologist
Heather Wassarman
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94106
I specialize in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Exposure/Response Prevention (ERP) for adults with OCD and anxiety disorders (such as generalized anxiety, panic, and phobias). I'm also experienced in working with depression, bipolar, bulimia and binge eating, and other disorders. In addition, I have an interest in health psychology and enjoy working with people on issues like weight management, smoking cessation, and coping with medical problems.
I specialize in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Exposure/Response Prevention (ERP) for adults with OCD and anxiety disorders (such as generalized anxiety, panic, and phobias). I'm also experienced in working with depression, bipolar, bulimia and binge eating, and other disorders. In addition, I have an interest in health psychology and enjoy working with people on issues like weight management, smoking cessation, and coping with medical problems.
(415) 399-0255 View (415) 399-0255
Photo of Dana Hartman, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Dana Hartman
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94106
You deserve to feel safe, connected, and understood and have deserved this for a very long time. It hurts when you think about that that you sought connection and comfort from someone important in your life, but did not get what you needed. It can be hard to describe the impacts of these experiences or the toll it took on you to grow up with important needs unmet. If this description speaks to you then you may benefit from healing work around relational trauma and Complex Post Traumatic Stress Disorder.
You deserve to feel safe, connected, and understood and have deserved this for a very long time. It hurts when you think about that that you sought connection and comfort from someone important in your life, but did not get what you needed. It can be hard to describe the impacts of these experiences or the toll it took on you to grow up with important needs unmet. If this description speaks to you then you may benefit from healing work around relational trauma and Complex Post Traumatic Stress Disorder.
(650) 666-8164 View (650) 666-8164
Photo of Stephanie McWoods, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Stephanie McWoods
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94106  (Online Only)
Do you feel misunderstood and overwhelmed? Is people pleasing or code switching exhausting? Do you feel disconnected from YOU? Are you searching for a space that is safe to be YOU? Are you hyperaware of your melanin in white spaces? Are you searching for a therapist that understands the minority experience? I recognize the struggles of living while Black. And I champion disrupting White Supremacy and systemic racism. I am a firm believer in order to dismantle racism and White Supremacy we must individually address our trauma, unlearn internalized racism and develop skills to elevate our thinking and regulate our emotions.
Do you feel misunderstood and overwhelmed? Is people pleasing or code switching exhausting? Do you feel disconnected from YOU? Are you searching for a space that is safe to be YOU? Are you hyperaware of your melanin in white spaces? Are you searching for a therapist that understands the minority experience? I recognize the struggles of living while Black. And I champion disrupting White Supremacy and systemic racism. I am a firm believer in order to dismantle racism and White Supremacy we must individually address our trauma, unlearn internalized racism and develop skills to elevate our thinking and regulate our emotions.
(510) 491-0339 View (510) 491-0339
Photo of Michael Seniuk, MA, AMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Michael Seniuk
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94106
We all want to be happy, to be our authentic self, to experience deep and fulfilling relationships, but sometimes we may find ourselves stuck and overwhelmed by our situation in life, our thoughts, feelings, or relationships. As hard as these experiences can be, they are also doorways to greater meaning, purpose and growth. I work with people of all backgrounds struggling with addiction, trauma, depression, anxiety, ADHD, identity, grief and loss, spiritual and psychedelic integration and more. Utilizing a variety of therapeutic modalities I will help you to access your innate ability for growth, healing and transformation.
We all want to be happy, to be our authentic self, to experience deep and fulfilling relationships, but sometimes we may find ourselves stuck and overwhelmed by our situation in life, our thoughts, feelings, or relationships. As hard as these experiences can be, they are also doorways to greater meaning, purpose and growth. I work with people of all backgrounds struggling with addiction, trauma, depression, anxiety, ADHD, identity, grief and loss, spiritual and psychedelic integration and more. Utilizing a variety of therapeutic modalities I will help you to access your innate ability for growth, healing and transformation.
(831) 263-0306 View (831) 263-0306
Photo of Drew Carr, PhD, Psychologist
Drew Carr
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94106
Distracted. Lonely. Confused. Sound familiar? Are you your worst enemy? Has indecision or a "dumb" choice messed up your career, school or personal growth? Do you agonize over decisions? Or are plagued by critical thoughts? You may ask, "Why is this so difficult?" But, you want help. But, you want more than being asked, "How does that make you feel?" You want someone who gets you, gives honest feedback, and offers tools to take ownership of your life. So, let's have a conversation to start moving your life forward.
Distracted. Lonely. Confused. Sound familiar? Are you your worst enemy? Has indecision or a "dumb" choice messed up your career, school or personal growth? Do you agonize over decisions? Or are plagued by critical thoughts? You may ask, "Why is this so difficult?" But, you want help. But, you want more than being asked, "How does that make you feel?" You want someone who gets you, gives honest feedback, and offers tools to take ownership of your life. So, let's have a conversation to start moving your life forward.
(323) 973-2985 View (323) 973-2985
Photo of Oludara Adeeyo, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Oludara Adeeyo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94106  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I am ready to connect with you and assist with your mental health journey. My passion: Helping marginalized individuals, especially Black and Brown women, improve their wellness. If you're feeling overwhelmed and exhausted by your current stressors, I got you. My extensive experience working with people from diverse backgrounds, including those struggling with anxiety, depression, grief, trauma, stress, and more, has allowed me to have a deep understanding of the intersections of race, culture, and mental health.
I am ready to connect with you and assist with your mental health journey. My passion: Helping marginalized individuals, especially Black and Brown women, improve their wellness. If you're feeling overwhelmed and exhausted by your current stressors, I got you. My extensive experience working with people from diverse backgrounds, including those struggling with anxiety, depression, grief, trauma, stress, and more, has allowed me to have a deep understanding of the intersections of race, culture, and mental health.
(424) 404-5189 View (424) 404-5189
Photo of Christine Benetua, AMFT, APCC, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Christine Benetua
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT, APCC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94106
Accepting new clients! Scroll down to “my website” to book now. I work with couples, adults, teens, college students and kids. I understand how trauma can stop our daily lives, and force us to time travel to the past to relive our suffering. Trauma can cause blocks in our ability to think, feel, understand ourselves and the world.
Accepting new clients! Scroll down to “my website” to book now. I work with couples, adults, teens, college students and kids. I understand how trauma can stop our daily lives, and force us to time travel to the past to relive our suffering. Trauma can cause blocks in our ability to think, feel, understand ourselves and the world.
(415) 212-9827 View (415) 212-9827

See more therapy options for 94106

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 94106

40+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in 94106 who prioritize treating:

98% Anxiety
90% Relationship Issues
88% Depression
83% Self Esteem
78% Trauma and PTSD
78% Coping Skills
70% Grief

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

61% Aetna
50% Cigna and Evernorth
44% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in 94106 see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

72% Female
26% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 94106?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.