Photo of Ross Phillips, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Ross Phillips
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Authentic communication and connection nourishes our essence. Being in tune with our deeper self helps us stay centered, feeling sure and confident of who we are. At times our head may spin from anxiety-provoking events or situations. We can learn to cope and self-regulate by getting in touch with our self in different ways. Nourishing our essence gives us a solid sense of self-worth, helping us feel safe and secure in the universe allowing us to take ownership of our journey through life, whether dealing with addiction, depression, anxiety, or relationships we can learn to live in the solution.
Authentic communication and connection nourishes our essence. Being in tune with our deeper self helps us stay centered, feeling sure and confident of who we are. At times our head may spin from anxiety-provoking events or situations. We can learn to cope and self-regulate by getting in touch with our self in different ways. Nourishing our essence gives us a solid sense of self-worth, helping us feel safe and secure in the universe allowing us to take ownership of our journey through life, whether dealing with addiction, depression, anxiety, or relationships we can learn to live in the solution.
(805) 214-6831 View (805) 214-6831
Photo of Carolyn Noble - Carolyn Noble-Loder, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Carolyn Noble-Loder
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Waitlist for new clients
In today’s stressful competitive culture, life's challenges can be difficult to handle. If you’re feeling overwhelmed with career disappointments, relationships issues, financial problems, depression, social media pressure, worry, fear or anxiety. I am committed to helping you reveal unhelpful emotional patterns, to become healthier, happier and have a more successful lifestyle. It is my mission to provide you with quality professional counseling in a safe, non-judgmental, comfortable and confidential environment.
In today’s stressful competitive culture, life's challenges can be difficult to handle. If you’re feeling overwhelmed with career disappointments, relationships issues, financial problems, depression, social media pressure, worry, fear or anxiety. I am committed to helping you reveal unhelpful emotional patterns, to become healthier, happier and have a more successful lifestyle. It is my mission to provide you with quality professional counseling in a safe, non-judgmental, comfortable and confidential environment.
(949) 556-9893 View (949) 556-9893
Photo of Megan A Pierce, LMFT, MA, Marriage & Family Therapist
Megan A Pierce
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Overwhelmed and not feeling like yourself? I am committed to providing effective support for you or your child! Wether you are struggling with anxiety, depression, relationship/family issues, trauma, school, life transitions, or body image & self esteem, I am here to help you navigate these difficulties with empathy and expertise! My approach is personalized and holistic, focusing on fostering resilience, promoting self-awareness, and developing practical strategies for positive change. Together, we will work to uncover your strengths and move towards healing, ensuring you feel heard, empowered, and understood every step of the way.
Overwhelmed and not feeling like yourself? I am committed to providing effective support for you or your child! Wether you are struggling with anxiety, depression, relationship/family issues, trauma, school, life transitions, or body image & self esteem, I am here to help you navigate these difficulties with empathy and expertise! My approach is personalized and holistic, focusing on fostering resilience, promoting self-awareness, and developing practical strategies for positive change. Together, we will work to uncover your strengths and move towards healing, ensuring you feel heard, empowered, and understood every step of the way.
(949) 997-3933 View (949) 997-3933
Photo of Marlene Laping, PhD, PsyD, Psychologist
Marlene Laping
Psychologist, PhD, PsyD
Verified Verified
Real Self care is from the inside out. We live in a fast paced, digital culture that can be wonderful, but often makes it difficult to focus. Daily demands wear us down, and attempts to maximize productivity often pave over the feelings that would help us discover what matters most. Psychotherapy can be like the best of collaborations, to open options not previously imagined or that you did not think possible. It is a way of showing up for yourself and alligning with what really matters to you.
Real Self care is from the inside out. We live in a fast paced, digital culture that can be wonderful, but often makes it difficult to focus. Daily demands wear us down, and attempts to maximize productivity often pave over the feelings that would help us discover what matters most. Psychotherapy can be like the best of collaborations, to open options not previously imagined or that you did not think possible. It is a way of showing up for yourself and alligning with what really matters to you.
(949) 993-0662 View (949) 993-0662
Photo of Erin Popp, MA, PPS, LEP
Erin Popp
Licensed Educational Psychologist, MA, PPS, LEP
Verified Verified
Many individuals struggle with feelings of anxiety and sadness, which disrupts their daily lives.This emotional turmoil often leads to a lack of peace and calm, affecting their overall well-being and interactions with others. After 28 years working as a psychologist, I have a tremendous amount of empathy and understanding for the struggles and challenges we face to become compassionate members of society today. I help clients learn how past experiences shape their current perceptions and interactions. I teach clients about the brain's function, empowering them to take control of their thoughts and feelings.
Many individuals struggle with feelings of anxiety and sadness, which disrupts their daily lives.This emotional turmoil often leads to a lack of peace and calm, affecting their overall well-being and interactions with others. After 28 years working as a psychologist, I have a tremendous amount of empathy and understanding for the struggles and challenges we face to become compassionate members of society today. I help clients learn how past experiences shape their current perceptions and interactions. I teach clients about the brain's function, empowering them to take control of their thoughts and feelings.
(949) 528-8130 View (949) 528-8130
Photo of Adrienne Habib, PsyD, Psychologist
Adrienne Habib
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Accepting new clients as of Oct 2024! I provide psychotherapy to children, teens, families, and couples. Maybe you want your child to be able to cope with their feelings. Maybe you want your teen to be more self-sufficient with their responsibilities. Or, perhaps you want to be able to navigate conflict with your partner without it devolving into a fight. I can help you achieve these goals, along with many others. I focus on treating anxiety, depression, self-esteem, life transitions, stressors, behavioral problems in children/teens, parenting and family issues, academic issues, trauma, and more. I offer in-person or video sessions.
Accepting new clients as of Oct 2024! I provide psychotherapy to children, teens, families, and couples. Maybe you want your child to be able to cope with their feelings. Maybe you want your teen to be more self-sufficient with their responsibilities. Or, perhaps you want to be able to navigate conflict with your partner without it devolving into a fight. I can help you achieve these goals, along with many others. I focus on treating anxiety, depression, self-esteem, life transitions, stressors, behavioral problems in children/teens, parenting and family issues, academic issues, trauma, and more. I offer in-person or video sessions.
(714) 451-7445 x2 View (714) 451-7445 x2
Photo of Arianna Zabriskie, MFT, PsyD, Psychological Associate
Arianna Zabriskie
Psychological Associate, MFT, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Juan Capistrano, CA 92675  (Online Only)
Feeling stressed and overwhelmed by life? I am passionate about supporting people through all the ups and downs of life. As a Psychologist and Marriage and Family Therapist, I bring a broad range of training and approaches to understand the complexity of the human condition. I have treated clients with anxiety, ADHD, panic, traumatic brain injury, PTSD, depression, bipolar, stress, relationships, self-esteem, trauma, codependency, sexual concerns & addiction. Through psychological testing, we can find underlying reasons & overcome challenges. Therapeutic support & resources await. All ages are welcome.
Feeling stressed and overwhelmed by life? I am passionate about supporting people through all the ups and downs of life. As a Psychologist and Marriage and Family Therapist, I bring a broad range of training and approaches to understand the complexity of the human condition. I have treated clients with anxiety, ADHD, panic, traumatic brain injury, PTSD, depression, bipolar, stress, relationships, self-esteem, trauma, codependency, sexual concerns & addiction. Through psychological testing, we can find underlying reasons & overcome challenges. Therapeutic support & resources await. All ages are welcome.
(949) 749-6176 View (949) 749-6176
Photo of Monika W. Yen, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Monika W. Yen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Teenagers!!! Parents of children and teenagers!! Feeling stressed out? Frustrated? Tired of the same arguments every day with your children or partner? Tired of your children not listening to you? Tired of fighting abut chores? Homework? Teenagers: sick of losing homework, failing tests? You are not alone! I can help you! I develop good working relationships quickly and easily. I offer new insight to re-think problems, and problem-solve solutions. I help you to become aware of your thoughts, feelings, emotions and behaviors, and how these affect your relationships with your friends, your partner and family, and others.
Teenagers!!! Parents of children and teenagers!! Feeling stressed out? Frustrated? Tired of the same arguments every day with your children or partner? Tired of your children not listening to you? Tired of fighting abut chores? Homework? Teenagers: sick of losing homework, failing tests? You are not alone! I can help you! I develop good working relationships quickly and easily. I offer new insight to re-think problems, and problem-solve solutions. I help you to become aware of your thoughts, feelings, emotions and behaviors, and how these affect your relationships with your friends, your partner and family, and others.
(949) 383-4630 View (949) 383-4630
Photo of Audrey Hayden, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Audrey Hayden
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Juan Capistrano, CA 92675  (Online Only)
As we move through our lives, we are presented with moments of challenge and moments of opportunity, and I believe my job as a therapist is to help you prepare for both. I have found a passion in working with adults of all ages, addressing issues of identity, life transition, trauma, grief and self-acceptance. I also work with all couples; I want to help you and your partner make sense of your relationship and help you both address your concerns and build a solid, secure and fulfilling commitment together.
As we move through our lives, we are presented with moments of challenge and moments of opportunity, and I believe my job as a therapist is to help you prepare for both. I have found a passion in working with adults of all ages, addressing issues of identity, life transition, trauma, grief and self-acceptance. I also work with all couples; I want to help you and your partner make sense of your relationship and help you both address your concerns and build a solid, secure and fulfilling commitment together.
(949) 449-1823 View (949) 449-1823
Photo of Jill Fischer - Jill Fischer, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Jill Fischer, MFT
Marriage & Family Therapist
Verified Verified
As a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, I am specially trained to work with children, adults, couples, and families. My treatment approach provides support and feedback, helping clients resolve current problems and long-standing patterns. With sensitivity and compassion, I help clients to find solutions to a wide range of life challenges and psychological issues. My clinical approach is systemic in nature, as I view people not as individuals in isolation, but as part of a larger family system. In this way, relationships, communication, and interactions between people are emphasized. Even when working with individuals, this approach is helpful and empowering.
As a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, I am specially trained to work with children, adults, couples, and families. My treatment approach provides support and feedback, helping clients resolve current problems and long-standing patterns. With sensitivity and compassion, I help clients to find solutions to a wide range of life challenges and psychological issues. My clinical approach is systemic in nature, as I view people not as individuals in isolation, but as part of a larger family system. In this way, relationships, communication, and interactions between people are emphasized. Even when working with individuals, this approach is helpful and empowering.
(714) 489-5997 View (714) 489-5997
Photo of John Paul Gray, PhD, Psychologist
John Paul Gray
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
My mission, in this profession, is to assist people in living more satisfying, authentic lives as individuals and in their relationships. The objective of therapy is to aid people in coming to terms with the issues that are inhibiting their growth, whether those be external influences or self-sabotaging. The goal, in individual therapy, is self-acceptance, more personal power, and simply, a more positive, happy life with a diminishment of anxiety and an increase in self-definition.
My mission, in this profession, is to assist people in living more satisfying, authentic lives as individuals and in their relationships. The objective of therapy is to aid people in coming to terms with the issues that are inhibiting their growth, whether those be external influences or self-sabotaging. The goal, in individual therapy, is self-acceptance, more personal power, and simply, a more positive, happy life with a diminishment of anxiety and an increase in self-definition.
(949) 647-4065 View (949) 647-4065
Photo of Gina Atencio-Maclean, PsyD, Psychologist
Gina Atencio-Maclean
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Now offering telehealth services for children, adolescents, and adults. We live in a fast-paced society that fosters stress, anxiety, and perfectionism, often at the expense of balance and well-being. As a psychologist, I work with clients to help them increase healthy functioning and create the balance they are seeking in their lives, behaviors and relationships. Unfortunately, many of the stressors of modern life begin to be felt early. I work with not only adults, but children and adolescents to help them learn healthy ways of managing the demands they face.
Now offering telehealth services for children, adolescents, and adults. We live in a fast-paced society that fosters stress, anxiety, and perfectionism, often at the expense of balance and well-being. As a psychologist, I work with clients to help them increase healthy functioning and create the balance they are seeking in their lives, behaviors and relationships. Unfortunately, many of the stressors of modern life begin to be felt early. I work with not only adults, but children and adolescents to help them learn healthy ways of managing the demands they face.
(949) 565-2510 View (949) 565-2510
Photo of Aimee Noel, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Aimee Noel
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
If you are struggling with mental health, relational issues, stress, and struggles with substance use, I may be able to help. I have over 20 years of experience. Although I have the knowledge, experience, and skills to pass along, I do not consider myself an expert but rather a sounding board, an interpreter, and support to help clients develop their own insight and trajectory forward. I use a holistic approach incorporating psychodynamic theory, cognitive-behavioral therapy, mindfulness, developmental psychology, and addiction treatment.
If you are struggling with mental health, relational issues, stress, and struggles with substance use, I may be able to help. I have over 20 years of experience. Although I have the knowledge, experience, and skills to pass along, I do not consider myself an expert but rather a sounding board, an interpreter, and support to help clients develop their own insight and trajectory forward. I use a holistic approach incorporating psychodynamic theory, cognitive-behavioral therapy, mindfulness, developmental psychology, and addiction treatment.
(714) 464-6623 View (714) 464-6623
Photo of Donna Imler, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Donna Imler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
People come to counseling when they have problems that cause them unhappiness and pain, and do not know how to manage on their own. I have over 25 years of experience helping people cope with the challenges of their ever changing lives. I believe my role as a therapist is to teach my clients what I know, and to guide them through thinking and behavior changes that will bring them to a place of peace and contentment. I strive to help my clients improve their level of self-awareness, to increase their understanding of and empathy for themselves and others, and to increase their ability to communicate affectively.
People come to counseling when they have problems that cause them unhappiness and pain, and do not know how to manage on their own. I have over 25 years of experience helping people cope with the challenges of their ever changing lives. I believe my role as a therapist is to teach my clients what I know, and to guide them through thinking and behavior changes that will bring them to a place of peace and contentment. I strive to help my clients improve their level of self-awareness, to increase their understanding of and empathy for themselves and others, and to increase their ability to communicate affectively.
(657) 837-2947 View (657) 837-2947
Photo of Elisa (Lisa) Lipton, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Elisa (Lisa) Lipton
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
One of the most effective treatments, Elisa, aka Lisa offers EMDR for all adults and adolescents, high school age and older, as a Certified EMDR therapist. She has over 20 years of experience, as a therapist. She also works with many young adults as they navigate this difficult transition. Lisa also offers spiritual psychotherapy, to help clients find meaning and purpose in their lives.
One of the most effective treatments, Elisa, aka Lisa offers EMDR for all adults and adolescents, high school age and older, as a Certified EMDR therapist. She has over 20 years of experience, as a therapist. She also works with many young adults as they navigate this difficult transition. Lisa also offers spiritual psychotherapy, to help clients find meaning and purpose in their lives.
(949) 424-8718 View (949) 424-8718
Photo of Crystal Valerio-Sandoval, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Crystal Valerio-Sandoval
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Hello! In this therapeutic journey that you have decided to embark on, I believe in putting you first. What is that you desire to change? What is troubling you at the moment? What is that you need? Is it guidance, a listening ear, to overcome past trauma, anxiety or depression? Are you going through life changes? I have been in practice for 10 years. My experience includes working with adolescents, children, families, couples, elderly and adults. I practice various treatment modalities including cognitive behavioral therapy. I have treated ADHD, depression, anxiety, adjustment disorders, grief, divorce, and trauma.
Hello! In this therapeutic journey that you have decided to embark on, I believe in putting you first. What is that you desire to change? What is troubling you at the moment? What is that you need? Is it guidance, a listening ear, to overcome past trauma, anxiety or depression? Are you going through life changes? I have been in practice for 10 years. My experience includes working with adolescents, children, families, couples, elderly and adults. I practice various treatment modalities including cognitive behavioral therapy. I have treated ADHD, depression, anxiety, adjustment disorders, grief, divorce, and trauma.
(424) 408-4304 View (424) 408-4304
Photo of Haygoush Kalinian - Coastal Neuropsychology & Concussion Specialists, PhD, Psychologist
Coastal Neuropsychology & Concussion Specialists
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
When you are experiencing cognitive (memory and thinking) difficulties;, you need to undergo a Comprehensive Neuropsychological Evaluation by expert Neuropsychologist to determine the cause (diagnosis) and treatment recommendations. I have extensive training and experience in assessing brain disorders of patients 18 and above. My goal is to provide the highest quality of care while always placing the needs or my patients as my priority. Looking forward to seeing you soon.
When you are experiencing cognitive (memory and thinking) difficulties;, you need to undergo a Comprehensive Neuropsychological Evaluation by expert Neuropsychologist to determine the cause (diagnosis) and treatment recommendations. I have extensive training and experience in assessing brain disorders of patients 18 and above. My goal is to provide the highest quality of care while always placing the needs or my patients as my priority. Looking forward to seeing you soon.
(714) 584-4832 View (714) 584-4832
Photo of George Rosch, PhD, LCSW, CCS, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
George Rosch
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW, CCS
Verified Verified
San Juan Capistrano, CA 92675  (Online Only)
During my 30+ years of clinical practice I find myself working particularly effective with important life transition stages, i.e. adolescents, young adult, mid-life, later-life. I view issues of loss, marriage, divorce, identity, vocation and aging as doorways to a deeper and more actualized life. Out of intensive study, practice, and my own life experiences, I meet the client at their own unique crossroad. Together we engage in a journey of symptom-relief, discovery and new possibilities. I am an active and engaging therapist...learning from hundreds of private practice clients & families & additional hundreds of agency participants.
During my 30+ years of clinical practice I find myself working particularly effective with important life transition stages, i.e. adolescents, young adult, mid-life, later-life. I view issues of loss, marriage, divorce, identity, vocation and aging as doorways to a deeper and more actualized life. Out of intensive study, practice, and my own life experiences, I meet the client at their own unique crossroad. Together we engage in a journey of symptom-relief, discovery and new possibilities. I am an active and engaging therapist...learning from hundreds of private practice clients & families & additional hundreds of agency participants.
(805) 254-4896 View (805) 254-4896
Photo of Leah Lewis, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Leah Lewis
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Here is what I know: Life is beautiful and life is messy. Life is joyful and life is painful. There is not a linear trajectory. Life may be going along swimmingly, and then seemingly out of nowhere something can change in an instant and send one on a completely different course. Wouldn’t it be nice to avoid these unpleasant truths? Unfortunately, the ways we attempt to avoid suffering usually create more of the very problems we were trying to ignore.
Here is what I know: Life is beautiful and life is messy. Life is joyful and life is painful. There is not a linear trajectory. Life may be going along swimmingly, and then seemingly out of nowhere something can change in an instant and send one on a completely different course. Wouldn’t it be nice to avoid these unpleasant truths? Unfortunately, the ways we attempt to avoid suffering usually create more of the very problems we were trying to ignore.
(949) 779-5797 View (949) 779-5797
Photo of Melody Ann Bacon, PhD, Psychologist
Melody Ann Bacon
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Do you lie awake at night worrying about how you are going to make your relationship work? Have you tried everything you know to make your relationship better? Do you feel as though you are living with a roommate instead of a passionate partner? I can help you find ways to respond to your relational challenges with tools that will last a lifetime and, in the process, will bring you closer toward finding emotional freedom in all your relationships.
Do you lie awake at night worrying about how you are going to make your relationship work? Have you tried everything you know to make your relationship better? Do you feel as though you are living with a roommate instead of a passionate partner? I can help you find ways to respond to your relational challenges with tools that will last a lifetime and, in the process, will bring you closer toward finding emotional freedom in all your relationships.
(949) 304-5240 View (949) 304-5240
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 92675

100+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in 92675 who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
91% Depression
77% Relationship Issues
72% Self Esteem
68% Grief
68% Coping Skills
64% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

70% Cigna and Evernorth
68% Aetna
65% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in 92675 see their clients

85% In Person and Online
15% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 92675?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.