Photo of Ashley Schara - Mindful Utopia , LCPC, Counselor
Mindful Utopia
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Las Vegas, NV 89102
If you're grappling with the heavy burdens of anxiety, depression, and the haunting specter of past trauma, you're not alone in these battles. I understand the profound impact that these struggles can have on your life, often leaving you feeling isolated and unsure if anyone truly comprehends the depth of your pain. However, I'm here for you. With a compassionate heart and the knowledge to help you heal, I am prepared to be your companion on a transformative journey.
If you're grappling with the heavy burdens of anxiety, depression, and the haunting specter of past trauma, you're not alone in these battles. I understand the profound impact that these struggles can have on your life, often leaving you feeling isolated and unsure if anyone truly comprehends the depth of your pain. However, I'm here for you. With a compassionate heart and the knowledge to help you heal, I am prepared to be your companion on a transformative journey.
(725) 444-7986 View (725) 444-7986
Photo of Dr. Nicole Theron Parkes, PsyD, Psychologist
Dr. Nicole Theron Parkes
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Las Vegas, NV 89102  (Online Only)
Are you sick and tired of feeling down, anxious, stressed out, or out of sorts? Do you feel like you can’t talk to the people in your life about your problems because they brush you off or they just don’t get it? I specialize in helping people get through the rough patches. Depression, anxiety, relationship issues, trauma—whatever it is pulling you down, I can help bring you back up. Healing is possible and you have everything inside of you to heal and to live a really beautiful life, that’s just perfect for you. Sometimes we get stuck and have old, unresolved pain that prevents us from living in our own truth and light.
Are you sick and tired of feeling down, anxious, stressed out, or out of sorts? Do you feel like you can’t talk to the people in your life about your problems because they brush you off or they just don’t get it? I specialize in helping people get through the rough patches. Depression, anxiety, relationship issues, trauma—whatever it is pulling you down, I can help bring you back up. Healing is possible and you have everything inside of you to heal and to live a really beautiful life, that’s just perfect for you. Sometimes we get stuck and have old, unresolved pain that prevents us from living in our own truth and light.
(702) 710-5094 View (702) 710-5094
Photo of Melissa Wadsworth - Resting Minds LLC, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Resting Minds LLC
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Las Vegas, NV 89102
At Resting Minds, we are passionate about people. We are focused on helping in all areas of life not just providing a one-hour weekly session.
At Resting Minds, we are passionate about people. We are focused on helping in all areas of life not just providing a one-hour weekly session.
(702) 410-9629 View (702) 410-9629
Photo of Carolina Hodson, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Carolina Hodson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Las Vegas, NV 89102  (Online Only)
Carolina provides therapeutic support to individuals of all demographics starting from age 10 and beyond. Her diverse clientele faces a range of challenges, including PTSD, somatization, dissociation, substance use, panic disorder, depression, and anxiety. While each client’s aspirations are unique, several common goals emerge: returning to their prior level of functioning, developing interpersonal skills, improving emotional regulation, processing thoughts and emotions related to past experiences, or changing unhelpful or unhealthy ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving.
Carolina provides therapeutic support to individuals of all demographics starting from age 10 and beyond. Her diverse clientele faces a range of challenges, including PTSD, somatization, dissociation, substance use, panic disorder, depression, and anxiety. While each client’s aspirations are unique, several common goals emerge: returning to their prior level of functioning, developing interpersonal skills, improving emotional regulation, processing thoughts and emotions related to past experiences, or changing unhelpful or unhealthy ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving.
(725) 237-3542 View (725) 237-3542
Photo of Paul D Wulkan, LCSW, PsyD, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Paul D Wulkan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Las Vegas, NV 89102
I am a seasoned therapist who has had extensive experience with divorce, separation and grief. I am particularly sensitive to the issues surrounding aging including; loss, loneliness, depression and changing life patterns. In that regard, I am a Medicare provider. I have had a practice for 20 years in Las Vegas and have just returned back to town after being away for a number of years. I am a licensed clinical social worker with a doctorate in psychology.
I am a seasoned therapist who has had extensive experience with divorce, separation and grief. I am particularly sensitive to the issues surrounding aging including; loss, loneliness, depression and changing life patterns. In that regard, I am a Medicare provider. I have had a practice for 20 years in Las Vegas and have just returned back to town after being away for a number of years. I am a licensed clinical social worker with a doctorate in psychology.
(702) 919-7936 View (702) 919-7936
Dominique A. Carter
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Las Vegas, NV 89102  (Online Only)
As a therapist, I bring my most authentic self to every session. The compassion, empathy, humility and humor are all the most authentic parts of me, and I want to bear witness to all the authentic parts my clients. I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) and Certified Clinical Trauma Professional (CCTP) with 8 years of experience, specializing in trauma treatment, Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), and Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT). I hold a Master's degree in Marriage and Family Therapy from Capella University and am a member of the American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy (AAMFT).
As a therapist, I bring my most authentic self to every session. The compassion, empathy, humility and humor are all the most authentic parts of me, and I want to bear witness to all the authentic parts my clients. I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) and Certified Clinical Trauma Professional (CCTP) with 8 years of experience, specializing in trauma treatment, Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), and Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT). I hold a Master's degree in Marriage and Family Therapy from Capella University and am a member of the American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy (AAMFT).
(725) 999-1574 View (725) 999-1574
Photo of Yvette Tirello, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Yvette Tirello
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Las Vegas, NV 89102  (Online Only)
Book with me using my website link! Starting therapy can be a difficult first step, allow me to offer you curiosity, hold space with you, meet you where you are and help you grow to where you want to be. Therapy should be a tool that is exercised with every major life adjustment, so let's work together to sort through your emotions and help you feel like the healthiest version of yourself. I have experience working with clients who struggle with depression, anxiety, mood stability, as well as relationship and family issues. Allow me to validate your emotions and process your concerns in a client centered and strength-based form.
Book with me using my website link! Starting therapy can be a difficult first step, allow me to offer you curiosity, hold space with you, meet you where you are and help you grow to where you want to be. Therapy should be a tool that is exercised with every major life adjustment, so let's work together to sort through your emotions and help you feel like the healthiest version of yourself. I have experience working with clients who struggle with depression, anxiety, mood stability, as well as relationship and family issues. Allow me to validate your emotions and process your concerns in a client centered and strength-based form.
(702) 803-8114 View (702) 803-8114
Photo of Eli F Sanchez, MHR, LPC, CPCL, Licensed Professional Counselor
Eli F Sanchez
Licensed Professional Counselor, MHR, LPC, CPCL
Verified Verified
Las Vegas, NV 89102  (Online Only)
Are you often consumed by your thoughts and do they impact your emotions? Do you feel overwhelmed or anxious in social situations? Let me assist you in finding relief and empowerment. I specialize in working with individuals who have ADHD and anxiety, offering a nurturing and secure space for exploration and growth. Together, we will address your challenges, establish coping mechanisms, and foster a sense of empowerment. My tailored approach is designed to cater to your specific needs, amplifying your strengths and guiding you through your journey towards healing.
Are you often consumed by your thoughts and do they impact your emotions? Do you feel overwhelmed or anxious in social situations? Let me assist you in finding relief and empowerment. I specialize in working with individuals who have ADHD and anxiety, offering a nurturing and secure space for exploration and growth. Together, we will address your challenges, establish coping mechanisms, and foster a sense of empowerment. My tailored approach is designed to cater to your specific needs, amplifying your strengths and guiding you through your journey towards healing.
(405) 221-9893 View (405) 221-9893
Photo of Pam Glovsky, LCPC, NCC, CADC, Counselor
Pam Glovsky
Counselor, LCPC, NCC, CADC
Verified Verified
Las Vegas, NV 89102
Waitlist for new clients
Are you feeling anxious, angry, overwhelmed, having difficulty sleeping or feel that your life is out of control? Are life issues creating problems at work, with friends and family or marital problems? Most people need Mental Health Therapy to recover from difficult life changes, trauma or loss of a loved one. We provide clear, straightforward therapy to help you to facilitate positive life changes. There is hope!
Are you feeling anxious, angry, overwhelmed, having difficulty sleeping or feel that your life is out of control? Are life issues creating problems at work, with friends and family or marital problems? Most people need Mental Health Therapy to recover from difficult life changes, trauma or loss of a loved one. We provide clear, straightforward therapy to help you to facilitate positive life changes. There is hope!
(702) 728-3415 View (702) 728-3415
Photo of Susan Maldonado, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Susan Maldonado
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Las Vegas, NV 89102  (Online Only)
We are accepting new clients. Asking for help is hard and I want to help you get through what's holding you back. Life can have it's challenges for everyone. Working with the right therapist can open the door to processing your experiences, learn healthier ways to cope and gain insight in finding balance in life. Let's meet to develop a plan to help you find your voice, set boundaries, and focus on yourself. I specialize in anxiety, depression, relationship issues, and trauma. I am approachable, easygoing, and optimistic, but I also call things out and, most importantly, challenge you and your thinking to get the desired outcome.
We are accepting new clients. Asking for help is hard and I want to help you get through what's holding you back. Life can have it's challenges for everyone. Working with the right therapist can open the door to processing your experiences, learn healthier ways to cope and gain insight in finding balance in life. Let's meet to develop a plan to help you find your voice, set boundaries, and focus on yourself. I specialize in anxiety, depression, relationship issues, and trauma. I am approachable, easygoing, and optimistic, but I also call things out and, most importantly, challenge you and your thinking to get the desired outcome.
(725) 226-3395 View (725) 226-3395
Photo of Melissa Roskos, MA, LCPC, MT-BC, LPMT, Eagala, Licensed Professional Counselor
Melissa Roskos
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LCPC, MT-BC, LPMT, Eagala
Verified Verified
Las Vegas, NV 89102
Not accepting new clients
Welcome! You've made it this far on your mental health journey, and maybe you are wondering what the rest of the journey might look like. The truth is: therapy is different for everyone. Some of my previous clients have enjoyed our time together talking about the events of the past week or some changes they are contemplating. Other clients have used our time together to review and process deep emotional scars, with the intention of trying to create a meaningful way to move forward towards their goals. This journey is about you and where you would like to go.
Welcome! You've made it this far on your mental health journey, and maybe you are wondering what the rest of the journey might look like. The truth is: therapy is different for everyone. Some of my previous clients have enjoyed our time together talking about the events of the past week or some changes they are contemplating. Other clients have used our time together to review and process deep emotional scars, with the intention of trying to create a meaningful way to move forward towards their goals. This journey is about you and where you would like to go.
(725) 208-5539 View (725) 208-5539
Photo of Dallyn Steenerson, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Dallyn Steenerson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Las Vegas, NV 89102  (Online Only)
Hello! Are you searching for someone to help you navigate through life while managing your depression and anxiety symptoms or complex trauma? Or do you just need an engaged ear to listen and help you process your feelings? I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) in Utah and Nevada, and I love working with people to process and understand their lived experiences, thoughts, and emotions. Let me walk with you on your mental health journey, and provide you with a warm, non-judgmental perspective. I would be honored to join you in this work.
Hello! Are you searching for someone to help you navigate through life while managing your depression and anxiety symptoms or complex trauma? Or do you just need an engaged ear to listen and help you process your feelings? I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) in Utah and Nevada, and I love working with people to process and understand their lived experiences, thoughts, and emotions. Let me walk with you on your mental health journey, and provide you with a warm, non-judgmental perspective. I would be honored to join you in this work.
(725) 307-4460 View (725) 307-4460
Photo of Rain Torosyan, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Rain Torosyan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Las Vegas, NV 89102  (Online Only)
Are you struggling with high levels of anxiety and stress, possibly due to work, personal relationships, or major life transitions? Maybe you are facing difficulties in communication, trust, or intimacy within your personal relationships. Is low self-esteem or lack of confidence, impacting various aspects of your life? Perhaps you need help navigating significant changes such as career shifts, divorce, or becoming a parent, and feeling overwhelmed.
Are you struggling with high levels of anxiety and stress, possibly due to work, personal relationships, or major life transitions? Maybe you are facing difficulties in communication, trust, or intimacy within your personal relationships. Is low self-esteem or lack of confidence, impacting various aspects of your life? Perhaps you need help navigating significant changes such as career shifts, divorce, or becoming a parent, and feeling overwhelmed.
(702) 276-8723 View (702) 276-8723
Photo of Stephanie Partida - Encounters Counseling and Recovery, LLC, LCSW, LCADC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Encounters Counseling and Recovery, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCADC
Verified Verified
Las Vegas, NV 89102
Sometimes life has ups and downs, and sometimes it can move sideways on us. We believe that it is in the downs when we need help. Life is sometimes not easy. Are you struggling with your faith or searching for something to have faith in. We are for those who have been there, that deep dark pit and can not find your way out. You deserve to live your life abundantly. John 15:5 - Apart from me you can do nothing. We are not full of imperfect people..... we still have room for more! Everyone on our team has lived life experience, and recognize that we are also not perfect and offer unconditional positive regard to all of our clients.
Sometimes life has ups and downs, and sometimes it can move sideways on us. We believe that it is in the downs when we need help. Life is sometimes not easy. Are you struggling with your faith or searching for something to have faith in. We are for those who have been there, that deep dark pit and can not find your way out. You deserve to live your life abundantly. John 15:5 - Apart from me you can do nothing. We are not full of imperfect people..... we still have room for more! Everyone on our team has lived life experience, and recognize that we are also not perfect and offer unconditional positive regard to all of our clients.
(725) 234-3042 View (725) 234-3042
Photo of Abigail Baron - Roots & Blossom Therapy LLC, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Roots & Blossom Therapy LLC
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Las Vegas, NV 89102  (Online Only)
As your therapist, I envision my ideal client as someone seeking to overcome anxiety, depression, trauma, or relationship issues. They need a supportive, non-judgmental environment to explore their emotions and uncover their inner strengths. Their goals are to achieve emotional well-being, build resilience, and create lasting change. They want to understand themselves better and develop healthier coping strategies because they desire a balanced, fulfilling life. Together, we can navigate these challenges and work towards personal growth and healing.
As your therapist, I envision my ideal client as someone seeking to overcome anxiety, depression, trauma, or relationship issues. They need a supportive, non-judgmental environment to explore their emotions and uncover their inner strengths. Their goals are to achieve emotional well-being, build resilience, and create lasting change. They want to understand themselves better and develop healthier coping strategies because they desire a balanced, fulfilling life. Together, we can navigate these challenges and work towards personal growth and healing.
(725) 226-4386 View (725) 226-4386
Photo of Laura Henkel, PhD
Laura Henkel
PhD
Verified Verified
Las Vegas, NV 89102  (Online Only)
Cybercrimes such as cyberharassment and cyberstalking have surged by 300% since the pandemic. Being targeted online can devastate your personal and professional life and impact all your relationships. You're not alone in this struggle. Many adults face similar issues and it can feel overwhelming. I offer a safe, supportive space to share your experiences, strategies to help mitigate the situation, and guidance on addressing cybercrimes. Visit www.shorturl.at/OIZQf. Let's chat and start reclaiming your sense of control and safety.
Cybercrimes such as cyberharassment and cyberstalking have surged by 300% since the pandemic. Being targeted online can devastate your personal and professional life and impact all your relationships. You're not alone in this struggle. Many adults face similar issues and it can feel overwhelming. I offer a safe, supportive space to share your experiences, strategies to help mitigate the situation, and guidance on addressing cybercrimes. Visit www.shorturl.at/OIZQf. Let's chat and start reclaiming your sense of control and safety.
(725) 209-3830 View (725) 209-3830
Photo of Jamie I Kordich, LCPC, ACS, Counselor
Jamie I Kordich
Counselor, LCPC, ACS
Verified Verified
Las Vegas, NV 89102
As a therapist, a mother, and above all, a fellow human who has traversed the complexities of our healthcare system, I deeply empathize with the frustrations of finding the perfect match. You deserve to be valued and recognized, not merely as another name in someone's schedule, but as an individual seeking genuine connection, guidance, and support. I have a decade of crisis experience, and I am willing to work as hard as you to find real life solutions to problems you are facing.
As a therapist, a mother, and above all, a fellow human who has traversed the complexities of our healthcare system, I deeply empathize with the frustrations of finding the perfect match. You deserve to be valued and recognized, not merely as another name in someone's schedule, but as an individual seeking genuine connection, guidance, and support. I have a decade of crisis experience, and I am willing to work as hard as you to find real life solutions to problems you are facing.
(702) 680-1763 View (702) 680-1763
Photo of Linda C Abrams - Thrive Behavior Health & Trauma Centers, LLC, Drug & Alcohol Counselor
Thrive Behavior Health & Trauma Centers, LLC
Drug & Alcohol Counselor
Verified Verified
Las Vegas, NV 89102
Experiencing trauma has a widespread impact on the lives of the clients we serve. Trauma can lead to or exacerbate mental illness, substance use, physical health conditions, and chronic disease. Thrive Behavioral Health and Trauma Centers offer an integrated, whole health system of care. Our goal is to provide evidence-based trauma treatments that address the impact of trauma (e.g., complex PTSD, PTSD, Covid-19 related trauma).
Experiencing trauma has a widespread impact on the lives of the clients we serve. Trauma can lead to or exacerbate mental illness, substance use, physical health conditions, and chronic disease. Thrive Behavioral Health and Trauma Centers offer an integrated, whole health system of care. Our goal is to provide evidence-based trauma treatments that address the impact of trauma (e.g., complex PTSD, PTSD, Covid-19 related trauma).
(702) 605-7243 x201 View (702) 605-7243 x201
Photo of Terre Hamrick, LCSW, LADC, CEAP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Terre Hamrick
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LADC, CEAP
Verified Verified
Las Vegas, NV 89102
"We are all seeking contentment by fulfilling our life purpose and connecting authentically with others."
"We are all seeking contentment by fulfilling our life purpose and connecting authentically with others."
(702) 803-3247 View (702) 803-3247
Photo of Leonard A Means, MHS, LADC, Drug & Alcohol Counselor
Leonard A Means
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MHS, LADC
Verified Verified
Las Vegas, NV 89102
I am the product of an inner-city upbringing. While I have been formally educated and trained to be a master's level clinician, I also have a PhD in street knowledge from my lived experience. This combination of knowledge and experience has allowed me to be effective in dealing with issues and the needs of many who have walked a similar path. I welcome the opportunity to assist you in understanding the cause of some of your issues. I also want to help you develop appropriate coping skills aimed at reaching your goals.
I am the product of an inner-city upbringing. While I have been formally educated and trained to be a master's level clinician, I also have a PhD in street knowledge from my lived experience. This combination of knowledge and experience has allowed me to be effective in dealing with issues and the needs of many who have walked a similar path. I welcome the opportunity to assist you in understanding the cause of some of your issues. I also want to help you develop appropriate coping skills aimed at reaching your goals.
(702) 901-0793 View (702) 901-0793
1

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 89102

60+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in 89102 who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
85% Depression
74% Trauma and PTSD
71% Relationship Issues
71% Self Esteem
63% Stress
57% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

8 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

76% Aetna
67% Cigna and Evernorth
43% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in 89102 see their clients

59% In Person and Online
41% Online Only

Gender breakdown

74% Female
25% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 89102?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.