Photo of Lauren Day, PhD, LPC-S, CEDS-S, Licensed Professional Counselor
Lauren Day
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC-S, CEDS-S
Verified Verified
18 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85085  (Online Only)
Lauren specializes in the treatment of trauma, dissociative disorders, eating disorders, and substance use disorders. She has many years experience treating complex issues in the inpatient, residential, PHP and outpatient level of care. Lauren is a Certified Eating Disorder Specialist-Supervisor, an EMDRIA Approved Consultant, as well as an EMDR Adult, Complex Trauma & Dissociation Specialist. She utilizes the progressive approach to structural dissociation as well as EMDR therapy to treat trauma, dissociative disorders, eating disorders, and substance use disorders, along with other life issues interfering with one's well being.
Lauren specializes in the treatment of trauma, dissociative disorders, eating disorders, and substance use disorders. She has many years experience treating complex issues in the inpatient, residential, PHP and outpatient level of care. Lauren is a Certified Eating Disorder Specialist-Supervisor, an EMDRIA Approved Consultant, as well as an EMDR Adult, Complex Trauma & Dissociation Specialist. She utilizes the progressive approach to structural dissociation as well as EMDR therapy to treat trauma, dissociative disorders, eating disorders, and substance use disorders, along with other life issues interfering with one's well being.
(623) 633-7351 View (623) 633-7351
Tonya Kinnaman
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85085
I am passionate about providing support for those adults who have lost a companion animal. Pets are an important part of our lives and when we lose one, a whole range of emotions can come up including grief, confusion, anger, guilt and depression. I have a Pet Loss Grief Support Group that can provide you support and encouragement in your journey of grief after losing your pet.
I am passionate about providing support for those adults who have lost a companion animal. Pets are an important part of our lives and when we lose one, a whole range of emotions can come up including grief, confusion, anger, guilt and depression. I have a Pet Loss Grief Support Group that can provide you support and encouragement in your journey of grief after losing your pet.
(623) 294-5738 View (623) 294-5738
Photo of Elizabeth Heil, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Elizabeth Heil
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85085  (Online Only)
Are you ready to make a change in your life? It takes courage to ask for help, but the rewards of doing so can lead to a lifetime of fulfillment. I understand and have experienced the emotional challenges life has to offer. In working together, we will cultivate growth by understanding the obstacles that you face and develop solutions that can help you gain control of your life and achieve your goals. Ultimately, therapy can lead you to greater self-awareness, self-esteem, and most importantly, a more fulfilling life.
Are you ready to make a change in your life? It takes courage to ask for help, but the rewards of doing so can lead to a lifetime of fulfillment. I understand and have experienced the emotional challenges life has to offer. In working together, we will cultivate growth by understanding the obstacles that you face and develop solutions that can help you gain control of your life and achieve your goals. Ultimately, therapy can lead you to greater self-awareness, self-esteem, and most importantly, a more fulfilling life.
(602) 362-7354 View (602) 362-7354
Photo of Laurie Christine Bogart, LMHC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Laurie Christine Bogart
Licensed Professional Counselor, LMHC, LPC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85085  (Online Only)
Laurie is accepting telehealth clients only at this time. Laurie’s intention is to create a safe, non-judgmental, creative, humor-welcoming environment for you to heal and explore the deepest parts of yourself. Her therapeutic approach is taking a journey with you, supporting your life goals and needs, while creating greater self awareness. She combines a diverse array of psychological modalities to aid you in calming inner distress and anxiety, assisting in the release of emotional blockages and helping you create a sense of deep wellbeing. Laurie has 30 years of experience in private practice and licensed in Hawaii & Arizona.
Laurie is accepting telehealth clients only at this time. Laurie’s intention is to create a safe, non-judgmental, creative, humor-welcoming environment for you to heal and explore the deepest parts of yourself. Her therapeutic approach is taking a journey with you, supporting your life goals and needs, while creating greater self awareness. She combines a diverse array of psychological modalities to aid you in calming inner distress and anxiety, assisting in the release of emotional blockages and helping you create a sense of deep wellbeing. Laurie has 30 years of experience in private practice and licensed in Hawaii & Arizona.
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Photo of Nicole Frost (North Phoenix), LCSW, CSAT, CPTT, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Nicole Frost (North Phoenix)
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CSAT, CPTT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85085
Therapy takes courage. Every time a client walks in my door whether it's for an initial consultation or after a year of weekly sessions, I have great respect for them. My goal is to meet you where you are and help you move in the direction you want to go, providing support and insight along the way. If you are searching for a solution and have the tiniest motivation to change, I commit to helping you increase the quality of your life. By identifying current life stressors and dysfunction, we will explore the impact on your relationship with self and others.
Therapy takes courage. Every time a client walks in my door whether it's for an initial consultation or after a year of weekly sessions, I have great respect for them. My goal is to meet you where you are and help you move in the direction you want to go, providing support and insight along the way. If you are searching for a solution and have the tiniest motivation to change, I commit to helping you increase the quality of your life. By identifying current life stressors and dysfunction, we will explore the impact on your relationship with self and others.
(520) 842-0474 View (520) 842-0474
Photo of Emily Hines, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Emily Hines
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85085
I truly care about what you are experiencing. Having the right support is the key to being able to overcome areas that are keeping you stuck. You have managed to cope and survive this long, but perhaps it feels like you don't have all of the tools or insights to find true relief from symptoms or difficulties you are experiencing. You are constantly weighed down by anxiety, holding yourself to high standards with little time for restoration, or haunted by the lingering effects of trauma. Perhaps you have tried therapy before and wonder how to really get the most of it.
I truly care about what you are experiencing. Having the right support is the key to being able to overcome areas that are keeping you stuck. You have managed to cope and survive this long, but perhaps it feels like you don't have all of the tools or insights to find true relief from symptoms or difficulties you are experiencing. You are constantly weighed down by anxiety, holding yourself to high standards with little time for restoration, or haunted by the lingering effects of trauma. Perhaps you have tried therapy before and wonder how to really get the most of it.
(623) 304-4015 View (623) 304-4015
Photo of Mia Garic, Pre-Licensed Professional
Mia Garic
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85085  (Online Only)
Are you ready to embark on a transformative journey towards embracing your true self and crafting a life that you truly adore? Then I'm here to help! I'm Mia, a dedicated counseling intern with a unique specialization in strength-based therapy, attachment styles, and the art of cultivating self-love. I understand that the journey to creating a life you love begins with cultivating a deep and unshakable love for yourself. Within our personalized sessions, I will gently guide you toward recognizing your worth, quieting self-doubt, and nurturing a profound sense of self-acceptance.
Are you ready to embark on a transformative journey towards embracing your true self and crafting a life that you truly adore? Then I'm here to help! I'm Mia, a dedicated counseling intern with a unique specialization in strength-based therapy, attachment styles, and the art of cultivating self-love. I understand that the journey to creating a life you love begins with cultivating a deep and unshakable love for yourself. Within our personalized sessions, I will gently guide you toward recognizing your worth, quieting self-doubt, and nurturing a profound sense of self-acceptance.
(623) 462-2696 View (623) 462-2696
Photo of Precious Chapman, LAC, Counselor
Precious Chapman
Counselor, LAC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85085
Now Accepting New Clients! I'm a devoted Counselor, committed to empowering healthier relationships within and with loved ones. My journey centers on dismantling damaging behaviors, habits, and beliefs. My approach is direct: it's all about you. No scripts, just real connection. I nurture trust, empathy, and openness. Patience is key as we explore and celebrate together. Why Counselor? I've seen its transformative magic. It's crafting a brighter future that echoes through generations. Join me on this journey of self-discovery, healing, and growth. Let's paint a radiant tomorrow!
Now Accepting New Clients! I'm a devoted Counselor, committed to empowering healthier relationships within and with loved ones. My journey centers on dismantling damaging behaviors, habits, and beliefs. My approach is direct: it's all about you. No scripts, just real connection. I nurture trust, empathy, and openness. Patience is key as we explore and celebrate together. Why Counselor? I've seen its transformative magic. It's crafting a brighter future that echoes through generations. Join me on this journey of self-discovery, healing, and growth. Let's paint a radiant tomorrow!
(480) 690-8941 View (480) 690-8941
Photo of Cassandra Van Voorhees, MS, LPC, Counselor
Cassandra Van Voorhees
Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85085
I work along-side individuals who are searching for increased inner-peace, acceptance and aliveness in who they are. Together, we will identify past traumas, current stressors, and future fears that are holding you back from living your life to the fullest. I specialize in trauma, CPTSD, PTSD, dissociative disorders, depression and anxiety as well as people who are navigating finding their higher purpose. I consider it an honor to hold space for meaningful change and healing and I would love to support you in your healing process.
I work along-side individuals who are searching for increased inner-peace, acceptance and aliveness in who they are. Together, we will identify past traumas, current stressors, and future fears that are holding you back from living your life to the fullest. I specialize in trauma, CPTSD, PTSD, dissociative disorders, depression and anxiety as well as people who are navigating finding their higher purpose. I consider it an honor to hold space for meaningful change and healing and I would love to support you in your healing process.
(520) 346-7159 View (520) 346-7159
Photo of Susan Olvera, MS, LAC, Counselor
Susan Olvera
Counselor, MS, LAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85085  (Online Only)
I am a licensed associate counselor with a master’s degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Grand Canyon University. I specialize in treating issues related to trauma and abuse, substance abuse, depression and anxiety. I am a certified ERP therapist for the treatment of OCD. My focus is working with individuals and meeting them at their level of readiness for change and toward goal identification and providing the necessary tools to assist them in identifying & achieving skills to live a productive life. Also, my approach is more structured with evidence-based approaches.
I am a licensed associate counselor with a master’s degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Grand Canyon University. I specialize in treating issues related to trauma and abuse, substance abuse, depression and anxiety. I am a certified ERP therapist for the treatment of OCD. My focus is working with individuals and meeting them at their level of readiness for change and toward goal identification and providing the necessary tools to assist them in identifying & achieving skills to live a productive life. Also, my approach is more structured with evidence-based approaches.
(623) 244-5958 View (623) 244-5958
Photo of Danielle Fragnito, LPC, Counselor
Danielle Fragnito
Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85085
NOW Accepting adult clients for in-person and telehealth sessions. I have 25+ years of experience providing solution-focused short and long-term therapy. I take an open-minded approach to client wellness and consider the client's family traditions, lifestyle, work-life, cultural and spiritual beliefs. My goal, as a Counselor, is to work together with you to help you reach your desired goal. Please feel free to call me at 602-509-6974 or visit my website. I look forward to hearing from you.
NOW Accepting adult clients for in-person and telehealth sessions. I have 25+ years of experience providing solution-focused short and long-term therapy. I take an open-minded approach to client wellness and consider the client's family traditions, lifestyle, work-life, cultural and spiritual beliefs. My goal, as a Counselor, is to work together with you to help you reach your desired goal. Please feel free to call me at 602-509-6974 or visit my website. I look forward to hearing from you.
(480) 409-2379 View (480) 409-2379
Photo of Sandra O'Connell, MS, LPC, Counselor
Sandra O'Connell
Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85085  (Online Only)
Are you struggling to function in the present or feeling paralyzed by events of the past? Are you experiencing the effects of debilitating grief and loss? Are you feeling stifled from reaching your full potential and connecting to how you are being led moment by moment? Whether your blocks are the result of PTSD, abuse, chronic pain or illness, or painful losses, there is hope for the future. It is possible to live a life freed from the symptoms that prevent you from engaging fully in life. Now you can live the life purpose for which you have been created. You can soar freed from the chains that bind.
Are you struggling to function in the present or feeling paralyzed by events of the past? Are you experiencing the effects of debilitating grief and loss? Are you feeling stifled from reaching your full potential and connecting to how you are being led moment by moment? Whether your blocks are the result of PTSD, abuse, chronic pain or illness, or painful losses, there is hope for the future. It is possible to live a life freed from the symptoms that prevent you from engaging fully in life. Now you can live the life purpose for which you have been created. You can soar freed from the chains that bind.
(602) 428-9445 View (602) 428-9445
Photo of Janel Fairchild - Phoenix Wellness Center, MC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Phoenix Wellness Center
Licensed Professional Counselor, MC, LPC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85085
Quality: Phoenix Wellness Center is committed to providing quality counseling. Our counselors treat most mental health concerns using effective, evidence based treatments. Our counselors specialize in treating depression, anxiety, trauma, substance abuse, divorce, and adjustment concerns. Additionally, we treat individuals, families, couples, children and adults. We work collaboratively as a team to provide you and your family with comprehensive treatment.
Quality: Phoenix Wellness Center is committed to providing quality counseling. Our counselors treat most mental health concerns using effective, evidence based treatments. Our counselors specialize in treating depression, anxiety, trauma, substance abuse, divorce, and adjustment concerns. Additionally, we treat individuals, families, couples, children and adults. We work collaboratively as a team to provide you and your family with comprehensive treatment.
(480) 725-8586 View (480) 725-8586
Photo of Angela Bonner, MA, LPC, NCC, CFRA, Licensed Professional Counselor
Angela Bonner
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC, CFRA
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85085
*ONLY ACCEPTING FIRST RESPONDERS AT THIS TIME* Are you dealing with depression, anxiety, and/or unresolved trauma? Are your coping skills no longer working or do you find them doing more harm than good? When one is so overwhelmed by their problems it can be very difficult to find the solution to the problem. We as humans will look at the same old situation with old ideas and old perspectives. It can be helpful to get a FRESH, NEUTRAL perspective to that old situation. Together, we can break the dysfunctional cycles of self-doubt, negative self-talk, low self-esteem among other areas of difficulties.
*ONLY ACCEPTING FIRST RESPONDERS AT THIS TIME* Are you dealing with depression, anxiety, and/or unresolved trauma? Are your coping skills no longer working or do you find them doing more harm than good? When one is so overwhelmed by their problems it can be very difficult to find the solution to the problem. We as humans will look at the same old situation with old ideas and old perspectives. It can be helpful to get a FRESH, NEUTRAL perspective to that old situation. Together, we can break the dysfunctional cycles of self-doubt, negative self-talk, low self-esteem among other areas of difficulties.
(623) 866-4684 View (623) 866-4684
Photo of Karolina Coleman, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Karolina Coleman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85085
As a mental health therapist, I offer a holistic approach to therapy, which takes into consideration the body, mind, and soul. I focus on individual strengths and believe everyone has the ability to be an active participant in their own healing. I create a secure space where you can share your story, set goals, and make progress toward healing and growth. Together, we will navigate your unique journey so you can start feeling like your best self.
As a mental health therapist, I offer a holistic approach to therapy, which takes into consideration the body, mind, and soul. I focus on individual strengths and believe everyone has the ability to be an active participant in their own healing. I create a secure space where you can share your story, set goals, and make progress toward healing and growth. Together, we will navigate your unique journey so you can start feeling like your best self.
(623) 292-6228 View (623) 292-6228
Photo of Brandon Prendiville, Intern, Pre-Licensed Professional
Brandon Prendiville
Pre-Licensed Professional, Intern
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85085
Hello, I am a counseling intern from Arizona State University, pursuing a master’s degree in counseling. I know that it takes courage to seek counseling and I appreciate how hard it can be to take the first step. I am committed to supporting clients in a therapeutic alliance as they explore their thoughts and feelings, and work toward their goals. As an advocate of holistic and individualized care, I integrate a holistic person-centered approach complemented by principles of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT).
Hello, I am a counseling intern from Arizona State University, pursuing a master’s degree in counseling. I know that it takes courage to seek counseling and I appreciate how hard it can be to take the first step. I am committed to supporting clients in a therapeutic alliance as they explore their thoughts and feelings, and work toward their goals. As an advocate of holistic and individualized care, I integrate a holistic person-centered approach complemented by principles of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT).
(623) 294-7242 View (623) 294-7242
Photo of Jamie L Born - Born Counseling and Consulting, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Born Counseling and Consulting
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85085
Welcome to Born Counseling. Seeking counseling is a big, bold move. Congratulations on taking the first step on your journey to a better life. Here, we celebrate boldness because we know that your past- no matter what it holds- does not have to define your future. You can be yourself, share the hard things, and we will be right there with you, helping to shine a light in your darkest places so you can heal.
Welcome to Born Counseling. Seeking counseling is a big, bold move. Congratulations on taking the first step on your journey to a better life. Here, we celebrate boldness because we know that your past- no matter what it holds- does not have to define your future. You can be yourself, share the hard things, and we will be right there with you, helping to shine a light in your darkest places so you can heal.
(480) 771-3083 View (480) 771-3083
Photo of Tiffany Jp Hernandez, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Tiffany Jp Hernandez
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85085  (Online Only)
Email for all inquiries! Congratulations on taking the first step to living your best life! The last couple years have been difficult for all of us, but especially those who were already struggling with their mental health. It has been a time for reflection and now it is time to take action towards healing and making lifelong changes. Please allow me to assist you in discovering your strengths and recognizing your resiliency. I utilize a variety of therapeutic techniques each designed to help you on your unique journey of self-improvement.
Email for all inquiries! Congratulations on taking the first step to living your best life! The last couple years have been difficult for all of us, but especially those who were already struggling with their mental health. It has been a time for reflection and now it is time to take action towards healing and making lifelong changes. Please allow me to assist you in discovering your strengths and recognizing your resiliency. I utilize a variety of therapeutic techniques each designed to help you on your unique journey of self-improvement.
(480) 485-0943 View (480) 485-0943
Photo of Dr. Penny Zaddack, PsyD, EMDR, Psychologist
Dr. Penny Zaddack
Psychologist, PsyD, EMDR
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85085
When an individual comes to me for psychotherapy/counseling, I recognize that seeking help is an often difficult first step. I consider it an honor to work with each client and provide a safe environment that enables growth, healing, insight, and hope for the future.
When an individual comes to me for psychotherapy/counseling, I recognize that seeking help is an often difficult first step. I consider it an honor to work with each client and provide a safe environment that enables growth, healing, insight, and hope for the future.
(623) 224-2820 View (623) 224-2820
Photo of Riley Monahan, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Riley Monahan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85085
Life's challenges can be overwhelming, but you don't have to face them alone. Whether you're dealing with depression, anxiety, family conflicts, or inner turmoil, I offer a supportive, empathetic space to explore and overcome these issues. Together, we'll navigate your struggles, manage stress, and improve your relationships. Let's uncover your strengths and create meaningful change. Believing things can get better is the first step. Let's start this journey together.
Life's challenges can be overwhelming, but you don't have to face them alone. Whether you're dealing with depression, anxiety, family conflicts, or inner turmoil, I offer a supportive, empathetic space to explore and overcome these issues. Together, we'll navigate your struggles, manage stress, and improve your relationships. Let's uncover your strengths and create meaningful change. Believing things can get better is the first step. Let's start this journey together.
(520) 436-2596 View (520) 436-2596
1

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 85085

70+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in 85085 who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
86% Depression
74% Trauma and PTSD
74% Self Esteem
70% Relationship Issues
66% Coping Skills
66% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

92% Aetna
73% BlueCross and BlueShield
55% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in 85085 see their clients

74% In Person and Online
26% Online Only

Gender breakdown

92% Female
8% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 85085?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.