Photo of Gary A Emery, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Gary A Emery
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fort Collins, CO 80524
I welcome men struggling with issues such as anger, pornography addiction, leadership and husband/father roles. In addition, I specialize in any Marriage issue from roles, conflict, communication, affair recovery and transitions. I am a faith-based individual and willing to deal with "spiritual" issues when the opportunity arises, but will always do so in a "non-preachy" fashion.
I welcome men struggling with issues such as anger, pornography addiction, leadership and husband/father roles. In addition, I specialize in any Marriage issue from roles, conflict, communication, affair recovery and transitions. I am a faith-based individual and willing to deal with "spiritual" issues when the opportunity arises, but will always do so in a "non-preachy" fashion.
(970) 368-4659 View (970) 368-4659
Photo of Deborah Blythe, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Deborah Blythe
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Fort Collins, CO 80524
Even looking for a therapist can feel time consuming and overwhelming in our social climate today. Perhaps you're not sure what to do anymore and find yourself feeling overwhelmed with the cycles you find yourself in. I see people everyday who feel like they have tried everything.
Even looking for a therapist can feel time consuming and overwhelming in our social climate today. Perhaps you're not sure what to do anymore and find yourself feeling overwhelmed with the cycles you find yourself in. I see people everyday who feel like they have tried everything.
(970) 292-7432 View (970) 292-7432
Photo of Allison Woods, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Allison Woods
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Fort Collins, CO 80524  (Online Only)
I love working with people who are interested in getting to know themselves better within the safe environment of therapy. Some of the people I work with come to therapy with clear goals, and other ones just know that they are feeling stuck, off, sad, scared, or unmoored. Either way is understandable and completely okay. The important thing is that they have the courage to seek support. I tend to work with people who would like to explore the roots of their current challenges, who want to feel more connected to themselves and other people, who put in effort in and outside of therapy, and who want to learn to be kinder to themselves.
I love working with people who are interested in getting to know themselves better within the safe environment of therapy. Some of the people I work with come to therapy with clear goals, and other ones just know that they are feeling stuck, off, sad, scared, or unmoored. Either way is understandable and completely okay. The important thing is that they have the courage to seek support. I tend to work with people who would like to explore the roots of their current challenges, who want to feel more connected to themselves and other people, who put in effort in and outside of therapy, and who want to learn to be kinder to themselves.
(970) 441-9052 View (970) 441-9052
Photo of Marilyn MacIntyre, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Marilyn MacIntyre
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Fort Collins, CO 80524  (Online Only)
I have been providing therapy in Northern Colorado to individuals, couples and families for over 30 years. The challenges of life can leave anyone feeling overwhelmed, tired, confused and worried. I work with individuals, couples and families for issues including anxiety, depression, trauma and challenging life events. My goal is to help you find your strengths and help you recover a balanced life. With the highest ethical standards and level of respect, I will provide you with a safe and compassionate environment to create a healthy therapeutic experience. I provide all sessions by Teletherapy saving you valuable time.
I have been providing therapy in Northern Colorado to individuals, couples and families for over 30 years. The challenges of life can leave anyone feeling overwhelmed, tired, confused and worried. I work with individuals, couples and families for issues including anxiety, depression, trauma and challenging life events. My goal is to help you find your strengths and help you recover a balanced life. With the highest ethical standards and level of respect, I will provide you with a safe and compassionate environment to create a healthy therapeutic experience. I provide all sessions by Teletherapy saving you valuable time.
(970) 315-4946 View (970) 315-4946
Photo of Jamie Kuhn, MA, MSW, LSW, AASW
Jamie Kuhn
Licensed Social Worker, MA, MSW, LSW, AASW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fort Collins, CO 80524
Are you seeking a safe and supportive space to explore your thoughts, emotions, and life challenges? Look no further! Our therapy sessions are designed to empower you on your journey towards healing, growth, and self-discovery. We understand that life can present us with various obstacles and emotional struggles, but with the right guidance and support, you can learn how to navigate them and thrive.
Are you seeking a safe and supportive space to explore your thoughts, emotions, and life challenges? Look no further! Our therapy sessions are designed to empower you on your journey towards healing, growth, and self-discovery. We understand that life can present us with various obstacles and emotional struggles, but with the right guidance and support, you can learn how to navigate them and thrive.
(970) 427-2031 View (970) 427-2031
Photo of Elina Zentz, MA, NCC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Elina Zentz
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fort Collins, CO 80524
We all encounter challenges that affect our quality of life. Although struggles are part of the normal human experience, we were not meant to work through them alone. My passion is to come alongside you to help you find healing and change as you journey down this path called life. I am here to provide support, encouragement, and my expertise to help you find the strength to overcome whatever life has thrown your way. I specialize in helping you navigate through anxiety, depression, and trauma. My mission is that when you embark on this journey you can come out victorious, empowered, and filled with hope and purpose.
We all encounter challenges that affect our quality of life. Although struggles are part of the normal human experience, we were not meant to work through them alone. My passion is to come alongside you to help you find healing and change as you journey down this path called life. I am here to provide support, encouragement, and my expertise to help you find the strength to overcome whatever life has thrown your way. I specialize in helping you navigate through anxiety, depression, and trauma. My mission is that when you embark on this journey you can come out victorious, empowered, and filled with hope and purpose.
(970) 387-6857 View (970) 387-6857
Photo of Dayna Mosley, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Dayna Mosley
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Fort Collins, CO 80524
You'll feel welcomed into a caring, accepting and comfortable environment when you meet with Dayna. She's dedicated to creating a space where you'll feel free to express your inner thoughts and feelings, which can increase self-awareness and self-acceptance. The humor she uses from time to time will help you feel at ease and lighten the mood. She strongly believes that you are the expert on your life, and will take a non-directive approach to treatment and let you guide the way toward your healing. Dayna's clients can learn to overcome and re-frame maladaptive ways of thinking about themselves and the world.
You'll feel welcomed into a caring, accepting and comfortable environment when you meet with Dayna. She's dedicated to creating a space where you'll feel free to express your inner thoughts and feelings, which can increase self-awareness and self-acceptance. The humor she uses from time to time will help you feel at ease and lighten the mood. She strongly believes that you are the expert on your life, and will take a non-directive approach to treatment and let you guide the way toward your healing. Dayna's clients can learn to overcome and re-frame maladaptive ways of thinking about themselves and the world.
(970) 442-8393 View (970) 442-8393
Photo of James Schultz, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
James Schultz
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Fort Collins, CO 80524
My ideal client is someone that is willing and wanting to transform their life. The greatest piece of artwork a person can create is an empowered, successful life. I have a large background with mental health and also working with adolescents and understanding how that stage of life can be very challenging. No one is immune to having things completely shake up their life, but in having support that empowers them to find their way and regain mastery in creating the life they want, that transformation is extremely possible.
My ideal client is someone that is willing and wanting to transform their life. The greatest piece of artwork a person can create is an empowered, successful life. I have a large background with mental health and also working with adolescents and understanding how that stage of life can be very challenging. No one is immune to having things completely shake up their life, but in having support that empowers them to find their way and regain mastery in creating the life they want, that transformation is extremely possible.
(970) 300-5214 View (970) 300-5214
Photo of Liz Terrell Phillips Lpc, IFS, EMDR, Licensed Professional Counselor
Liz Terrell Phillips Lpc
Licensed Professional Counselor, IFS, EMDR
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fort Collins, CO 80524  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I view life as filled with opportunity for growth. Internal Family Systems therapy is a powerful way to grow your capacity to enjoy life and outgrow parts of yourself that protected you once but are no longer helpful. Parts caused by trauma, childhood events, life stressors or relationships. Are you an adult child of emotionally immature parents - with unmet needs you want to learn to meet? I teach skills to help you feel better quickly, and I also help you heal longer term patterns. We can clear painful memories from body, mind & spirit to create a healthy, integrated sense of self.
I view life as filled with opportunity for growth. Internal Family Systems therapy is a powerful way to grow your capacity to enjoy life and outgrow parts of yourself that protected you once but are no longer helpful. Parts caused by trauma, childhood events, life stressors or relationships. Are you an adult child of emotionally immature parents - with unmet needs you want to learn to meet? I teach skills to help you feel better quickly, and I also help you heal longer term patterns. We can clear painful memories from body, mind & spirit to create a healthy, integrated sense of self.
(970) 984-4254 View (970) 984-4254
Photo of Bianca Box, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Bianca Box
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Fort Collins, CO 80524
Bianca Box is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Colorado who has been practicing since 2021. Using various evidence-based interventions, Bianca helps kiddos understand and better cope with their big emotions, life stressors, and help them to process traumatic events so they can focus on being their best selves. She likes to use games and play-based interventions to help kids better understand themselves and their world. Outside of work, Bianca enjoys video games, building Lego sets, and reading comic books and fantasy novels with magic and unicorns and dragons in them.
Bianca Box is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Colorado who has been practicing since 2021. Using various evidence-based interventions, Bianca helps kiddos understand and better cope with their big emotions, life stressors, and help them to process traumatic events so they can focus on being their best selves. She likes to use games and play-based interventions to help kids better understand themselves and their world. Outside of work, Bianca enjoys video games, building Lego sets, and reading comic books and fantasy novels with magic and unicorns and dragons in them.
(970) 592-5219 View (970) 592-5219
Photo of Carolyn Bartlett, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Carolyn Bartlett
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Fort Collins, CO 80524
I enjoy providing consultation and therapy to other psychotherapists. Culturally unique, therapists are usually self-reflective and often grew up in milieus that inspire a desire to help! Therapy happens in the context of relationship. When transference and countertransference blind spots arise it gets complicated and very interesting. Examining what is happening in the sticky moments can open doors to insight, personal growth and better treatment outcomes. Therapists tend to be life-long learners and fortunately our work affords us the opportunity to cultivate the models and techniques we are attracted to.
I enjoy providing consultation and therapy to other psychotherapists. Culturally unique, therapists are usually self-reflective and often grew up in milieus that inspire a desire to help! Therapy happens in the context of relationship. When transference and countertransference blind spots arise it gets complicated and very interesting. Examining what is happening in the sticky moments can open doors to insight, personal growth and better treatment outcomes. Therapists tend to be life-long learners and fortunately our work affords us the opportunity to cultivate the models and techniques we are attracted to.
(970) 676-6597 View (970) 676-6597
Photo of Shar Alsum, MA, NCC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Shar Alsum
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Fort Collins, CO 80524  (Online Only)
Discovering the story of your heart and listening to the telling of your story is my passion. My goal is to provide a safe healing space for you in a caring and inviting environment. I have often found that it is in this safe place that my client is able to share the difficult pieces of his or her story for the first time. As we work together we will discover hope, healing, and freedom from deep emotional wounds both past and present.
Discovering the story of your heart and listening to the telling of your story is my passion. My goal is to provide a safe healing space for you in a caring and inviting environment. I have often found that it is in this safe place that my client is able to share the difficult pieces of his or her story for the first time. As we work together we will discover hope, healing, and freedom from deep emotional wounds both past and present.
(970) 533-6208 View (970) 533-6208
Photo of Brittany Sturgeon, LPCC,  ADDC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Brittany Sturgeon
Pre-Licensed Professional, LPCC, ADDC
Verified Verified
Fort Collins, CO 80524
Born and raised in rural Nebraska, Brittany is no stranger to the idea of mental health being taboo"¦ Growing up she did a bit of everything from sports and gardening, to welding and construction. She even helped teach art at a local grade school and build a house! After graduating high school, Brittany moved to Fort Collins where she started college. A few months later, still not feeling like she knew what she wanted to do, she dropped out. Years later, after a lot of searching and growing, Brittany went to Front Range Community College where she earned an associate degree.
Born and raised in rural Nebraska, Brittany is no stranger to the idea of mental health being taboo"¦ Growing up she did a bit of everything from sports and gardening, to welding and construction. She even helped teach art at a local grade school and build a house! After graduating high school, Brittany moved to Fort Collins where she started college. A few months later, still not feeling like she knew what she wanted to do, she dropped out. Years later, after a lot of searching and growing, Brittany went to Front Range Community College where she earned an associate degree.
(970) 578-1061 View (970) 578-1061
Photo of Ashley Shaw, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Ashley Shaw
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Fort Collins, CO 80524
Are you confused about where your life is going, burnt out, or anxious? My clients seek counseling to feel better, discover themselves, and improve their lives. Reaching out is the first step and often the most difficult. My approach will make you feel accepted and understood by focusing on your strengths, instilling hope, and bringing balance into your life.
Are you confused about where your life is going, burnt out, or anxious? My clients seek counseling to feel better, discover themselves, and improve their lives. Reaching out is the first step and often the most difficult. My approach will make you feel accepted and understood by focusing on your strengths, instilling hope, and bringing balance into your life.
(970) 579-7585 View (970) 579-7585
Photo of Laura Garrett, LPC, NCC, CAS, Licensed Professional Counselor
Laura Garrett
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, CAS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fort Collins, CO 80524  (Online Only)
Are you being adversely affected by everyday life stress? In today's fast-paced, high demand society, with little time for self-care, you may feel anxious and/or depressed. You may have challenges in relationships, or be dealing with substance use and possibly abuse. If you can relate to any of the above, then you have come to the right place. Here at Bridgeways Counseling, you will experience a highly qualified, respectful and supportive therapist who offers a compassionate, solution-focused and direct approach in helping you reach your therapeutic goals.
Are you being adversely affected by everyday life stress? In today's fast-paced, high demand society, with little time for self-care, you may feel anxious and/or depressed. You may have challenges in relationships, or be dealing with substance use and possibly abuse. If you can relate to any of the above, then you have come to the right place. Here at Bridgeways Counseling, you will experience a highly qualified, respectful and supportive therapist who offers a compassionate, solution-focused and direct approach in helping you reach your therapeutic goals.
(970) 239-1908 View (970) 239-1908
Photo of Susan Drebing, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Susan Drebing
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Fort Collins, CO 80524
Not accepting new clients
Are stress, anxiety, or depression turning you into someone you don't recognize anymore? For almost three decades I have been helping adults overcome the challenges keeping them from living with joy and purpose. Whether you are struggling with panic attacks, work pressures, relationship issues, addiction, depression or parenting-the change you desire is possible. I've helped many people, from different walks of life, live more vibrantly-fueled by personal growth and a commitment to well being.
Are stress, anxiety, or depression turning you into someone you don't recognize anymore? For almost three decades I have been helping adults overcome the challenges keeping them from living with joy and purpose. Whether you are struggling with panic attacks, work pressures, relationship issues, addiction, depression or parenting-the change you desire is possible. I've helped many people, from different walks of life, live more vibrantly-fueled by personal growth and a commitment to well being.
(970) 299-8718 View (970) 299-8718
Photo of John Rowe (He-Him), MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
John Rowe (He-Him)
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Fort Collins, CO 80524  (Online Only)
I view therapy as a very special place where we can have conversations that might not always happen in other areas in our life. As a specialist in trauma, stress, and anxiety I am certified to use evidence-based interventions such as Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing therapy (EMDR), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Motivational Interviewing, and the Flash Technique to support my clients in achieving their goals. I have held roles as a therapist, caseworker, trainer, and consultant supporting my clients in navigating challenges in the wilderness, crises, forensic, long-term residential, and outpatient settings.
I view therapy as a very special place where we can have conversations that might not always happen in other areas in our life. As a specialist in trauma, stress, and anxiety I am certified to use evidence-based interventions such as Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing therapy (EMDR), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Motivational Interviewing, and the Flash Technique to support my clients in achieving their goals. I have held roles as a therapist, caseworker, trainer, and consultant supporting my clients in navigating challenges in the wilderness, crises, forensic, long-term residential, and outpatient settings.
(970) 431-8765 View (970) 431-8765
Photo of Annie Hennig, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Annie Hennig
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Fort Collins, CO 80524
Waitlist for new clients
As a Marriage and Family Therapist, I enjoy working with a variety of clients seeking guidance and support in managing challenges or transitions in life and within relationships. I work with individuals, couples, parents, and families who are seeking to improve their communication, coping, and ability to find satisfaction and confidence in working through challenges that affect them. My areas of interest include couples, maternal mental health, pregnancy-related issues, parenting, and self esteem.
As a Marriage and Family Therapist, I enjoy working with a variety of clients seeking guidance and support in managing challenges or transitions in life and within relationships. I work with individuals, couples, parents, and families who are seeking to improve their communication, coping, and ability to find satisfaction and confidence in working through challenges that affect them. My areas of interest include couples, maternal mental health, pregnancy-related issues, parenting, and self esteem.
(253) 993-4655 View (253) 993-4655
Photo of Brandi Wright, NCC, MA, LPCC
Brandi Wright
Licensed Professional Counselor Candidate, NCC, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Fort Collins, CO 80524
Have you been finding yourself in a rut lately? Feeling as though you’re stuck with no idea of where to go or what to do next? Together, we can help you break free of those feelings and the control they hold over you. I hold the belief that although therapy may seem challenging at first, the process is incredibly healing and rewarding.
Have you been finding yourself in a rut lately? Feeling as though you’re stuck with no idea of where to go or what to do next? Together, we can help you break free of those feelings and the control they hold over you. I hold the belief that although therapy may seem challenging at first, the process is incredibly healing and rewarding.
(970) 510-9323 View (970) 510-9323
Photo of Margaret Davis, MS, LPC, Counselor
Margaret Davis
Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fort Collins, CO 80524
Hi! My name’s Margaret and I specialize in anxiety, relationships (dating, break-ups, divorce, communication, etc.), self-esteem, identity exploration, & life transitions. I work with adults 18+, college & graduate students, & all gender identities/sexual orientations. My therapeutic style is warm, casual, & genuine. :) I'm here to help you be kinder to yourself, feel more present in your life, & welcome all that it means to be human. I believe that an authentic relationship between the client & therapist is what fosters healing. My services are LGBTQ+ affirming, & I'm committed to helping clients feel safe to be themselves w/ me.
Hi! My name’s Margaret and I specialize in anxiety, relationships (dating, break-ups, divorce, communication, etc.), self-esteem, identity exploration, & life transitions. I work with adults 18+, college & graduate students, & all gender identities/sexual orientations. My therapeutic style is warm, casual, & genuine. :) I'm here to help you be kinder to yourself, feel more present in your life, & welcome all that it means to be human. I believe that an authentic relationship between the client & therapist is what fosters healing. My services are LGBTQ+ affirming, & I'm committed to helping clients feel safe to be themselves w/ me.
(970) 341-2103 View (970) 341-2103
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 80524

200+

Average cost per session

$140

Therapists in 80524 who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
89% Depression
84% Trauma and PTSD
74% Relationship Issues
68% Self Esteem
67% Life Transitions
64% Grief

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

85% Aetna
80% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
77% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in 80524 see their clients

84% In Person and Online
16% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 80524?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.