Photo of Dr. Lisa C. Holder, PhD, LPC , NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Dr. Lisa C. Holder
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC , NCC
Verified Verified
San Antonio, TX 78216  (Online Only)
The journey of life can be happy & promising. However, if your life has begun to feel like a never ending battle, circumstances and issues overwhelm you, feelings of depression or anxiety burden you, important relationships have broken down, abuse or traumatic events are robbing you of peace, I am here to offer compassion, guidance and a ‘safe place’ to share your deepest wounds or concerns. In these very uncertain times, many families and individuals are under a great deal of extra stress, putting further strain on relationships and problems that already existed.
The journey of life can be happy & promising. However, if your life has begun to feel like a never ending battle, circumstances and issues overwhelm you, feelings of depression or anxiety burden you, important relationships have broken down, abuse or traumatic events are robbing you of peace, I am here to offer compassion, guidance and a ‘safe place’ to share your deepest wounds or concerns. In these very uncertain times, many families and individuals are under a great deal of extra stress, putting further strain on relationships and problems that already existed.
(941) 269-2958 View (941) 269-2958
Photo of Amy Swetnam, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Amy Swetnam
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
San Antonio, TX 78216  (Online Only)
Hi there! My name is Amy Swetnam and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in the state of Texas with over 38 years of clinical experience. I work with individuals and couples in areas such as relationship issues, trauma, abuse, grief, and depression, amongst others. My clinical approach includes Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Solution-Focused Therapy, and Trauma-Focused Therapy.
Hi there! My name is Amy Swetnam and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in the state of Texas with over 38 years of clinical experience. I work with individuals and couples in areas such as relationship issues, trauma, abuse, grief, and depression, amongst others. My clinical approach includes Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Solution-Focused Therapy, and Trauma-Focused Therapy.
(469) 281-7296 View (469) 281-7296
Photo of Dayna Dixon Supervised By Ashley Cuevas Phd Lpc-S, MS, NCC
Dayna Dixon Supervised By Ashley Cuevas Phd Lpc-S
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate , MS, NCC
Verified Verified
San Antonio, TX 78216  (Online Only)
Sometimes life throws us challenges and we find ourselves needing extra support. I provide a warm, compassionate, and nonjudgmental space where clients can explore their thoughts, feelings, and experiences. I view the therapeutic relationship as us working together as a team. My goal is to support you on your journey towards greater self-awareness, emotional well-being, and meaningful connections with others. As a therapist, I offer an integrative therapeutic approach and aim to be flexible to fit your individual needs.
Sometimes life throws us challenges and we find ourselves needing extra support. I provide a warm, compassionate, and nonjudgmental space where clients can explore their thoughts, feelings, and experiences. I view the therapeutic relationship as us working together as a team. My goal is to support you on your journey towards greater self-awareness, emotional well-being, and meaningful connections with others. As a therapist, I offer an integrative therapeutic approach and aim to be flexible to fit your individual needs.
(726) 227-1196 View (726) 227-1196
Photo of Dorothy 'dory' Warren, MA, LPC-S, Licensed Professional Counselor
Dorothy 'dory' Warren
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Antonio, TX 78216
The connection between client and therapist is the main factor necessary for successful therapeutic change. I will help you clarify essential goals, that once achieved will lead to you firing me. By being "client-centered", our sessions will be led by you and I will walk with you during your journey, adding evidence-based information, posing insight-oriented questions and helping present relative information in a novel context (due to my being unbiased). "Firing" your therapist means you feel confident to utilize new skills to better manage life:)
The connection between client and therapist is the main factor necessary for successful therapeutic change. I will help you clarify essential goals, that once achieved will lead to you firing me. By being "client-centered", our sessions will be led by you and I will walk with you during your journey, adding evidence-based information, posing insight-oriented questions and helping present relative information in a novel context (due to my being unbiased). "Firing" your therapist means you feel confident to utilize new skills to better manage life:)
(210) 794-8171 View (210) 794-8171
Photo of Abby Renée Streitz, MS, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Abby Renée Streitz
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
San Antonio, TX 78216
Depression, anxiety, and the effects of traumatic experiences can get in the way of you living the kind of life you want.
Depression, anxiety, and the effects of traumatic experiences can get in the way of you living the kind of life you want.
(210) 791-6389 View (210) 791-6389
Photo of Shenna Fisher, BA, MSW, LCSW-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Shenna Fisher
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, BA, MSW, LCSW-S
Verified Verified
San Antonio, TX 78216  (Online Only)
"Courage doesn't happen when you have all the answers. It happens when you are ready to face the questions you have been avoiding your whole life" ---Shannon L. Alder. It takes bravery to open up your heart, mind, and soul to someone in an effort to discover, confront, change or embrace what is inside. I hope to be the person that can join you on your journey of self-discovery and advancement. As a therapist, I help my clients realize their strengths and utilize them to reach their personal goals. I want to help you do the same.
"Courage doesn't happen when you have all the answers. It happens when you are ready to face the questions you have been avoiding your whole life" ---Shannon L. Alder. It takes bravery to open up your heart, mind, and soul to someone in an effort to discover, confront, change or embrace what is inside. I hope to be the person that can join you on your journey of self-discovery and advancement. As a therapist, I help my clients realize their strengths and utilize them to reach their personal goals. I want to help you do the same.
(210) 899-2755 View (210) 899-2755
Photo of Tammy Wicker, LPC, Counselor
Tammy Wicker
Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
San Antonio, TX 78216
Hello. I am Tammy. I recently retired from school counseling. As a counselor in public schools, I have experience with children of ages 5-12. Although I have worked with children in the schools for 29 years and they are near and dear to my heart, I welcome a chance to also be able to counsel adults in private practice. Throughout the years I have noticed that the counselor and client relationship of trust and support favorably contributes to success.
Hello. I am Tammy. I recently retired from school counseling. As a counselor in public schools, I have experience with children of ages 5-12. Although I have worked with children in the schools for 29 years and they are near and dear to my heart, I welcome a chance to also be able to counsel adults in private practice. Throughout the years I have noticed that the counselor and client relationship of trust and support favorably contributes to success.
(210) 796-7996 View (210) 796-7996
Photo of Jagger L. Hernandez, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jagger L. Hernandez
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Antonio, TX 78216
I am grateful to have had the experience in working with individuals that are struggling with life stressors, anxiety, depression, traumatic experiences, relationship issues, family support, and self-injurious behavior. I also have had the opportunity to work with couples, children/adolescence, young adults, and older adults. I am full licensed LPC and I want to acknowledge the courage that you are taking towards healing and self-care. I am available to listen to your goals and what you would like to get out of counseling services. Change does not have to be stressful and with the right support, you might even surprise yourself.
I am grateful to have had the experience in working with individuals that are struggling with life stressors, anxiety, depression, traumatic experiences, relationship issues, family support, and self-injurious behavior. I also have had the opportunity to work with couples, children/adolescence, young adults, and older adults. I am full licensed LPC and I want to acknowledge the courage that you are taking towards healing and self-care. I am available to listen to your goals and what you would like to get out of counseling services. Change does not have to be stressful and with the right support, you might even surprise yourself.
(833) 909-1366 View (833) 909-1366
Photo of Tatiana Rojas, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Tatiana Rojas
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Antonio, TX 78216  (Online Only)
With my training and experience I have found that the best work is done collaboratively with clients in a safe and non-judgmental environment. Sessions with me may include exploring values, reviewing core beliefs, increasing stress management techniques, and exploring positive communication skills. We’ll also explore expectations in relationships, attachment styles, and various coping skills. My goal for all my clients is to learn better ways to cope so that they can live a more well-balanced life mentally and emotionally.
With my training and experience I have found that the best work is done collaboratively with clients in a safe and non-judgmental environment. Sessions with me may include exploring values, reviewing core beliefs, increasing stress management techniques, and exploring positive communication skills. We’ll also explore expectations in relationships, attachment styles, and various coping skills. My goal for all my clients is to learn better ways to cope so that they can live a more well-balanced life mentally and emotionally.
(737) 520-4471 View (737) 520-4471
Photo of Jocelyn Sipes, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jocelyn Sipes
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Antonio, TX 78216  (Online Only)
Treating my clients with respect is my utmost priority. I am genuine; others find it easy to talk to me about their problems. I do not claim to have all the answers, but I strive to stay educated regarding all therapies that could be helpful to you, the client. I tend to focus more heavily on a strength-based perspective when delivering therapy. I want my clients to know that I respect them. By agreeing to begin therapy, you have taken one of the most courageous steps toward a peaceful life.
Treating my clients with respect is my utmost priority. I am genuine; others find it easy to talk to me about their problems. I do not claim to have all the answers, but I strive to stay educated regarding all therapies that could be helpful to you, the client. I tend to focus more heavily on a strength-based perspective when delivering therapy. I want my clients to know that I respect them. By agreeing to begin therapy, you have taken one of the most courageous steps toward a peaceful life.
(469) 702-8690 View (469) 702-8690
Photo of Aara Abu Laban, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Aara Abu Laban
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
San Antonio, TX 78216  (Online Only)
Life can be downright sh%tty sometimes. Perhaps there are increasing demands from work, caregiving roles, or relationship turmoil that have you feeling weighed down & exhausted. These dilemmas may seem impossible to overcome while juggling your responsibilities, but the truth is, avoiding your needs and feelings by running on autopilot will never lead to fulfillment in your professional, personal, or romantic relationships.
Life can be downright sh%tty sometimes. Perhaps there are increasing demands from work, caregiving roles, or relationship turmoil that have you feeling weighed down & exhausted. These dilemmas may seem impossible to overcome while juggling your responsibilities, but the truth is, avoiding your needs and feelings by running on autopilot will never lead to fulfillment in your professional, personal, or romantic relationships.
(726) 224-7872 View (726) 224-7872
Photo of Mónica L Solís-Hoefl, MS, NCC, LPC-S, Licensed Professional Counselor
Mónica L Solís-Hoefl
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, NCC, LPC-S
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
San Antonio, TX 78216
***Accepting new clients during day, evening, and weekends.*** Life's journey can be quite challenging and difficult to manage. You may have strong emotions but may not know what to do or say to solve your problem. Therapy can help to sort through these overwhelming issues. I use a strengths-based collaborative approach to assist you in being mindful and authentic in exploring your strengths and abilities for growth, and developing ways to work through life's challenges. I work with all ages, adults, adolescents and children, in individual, couples or family counseling. Adolescents are of special interest to me.
***Accepting new clients during day, evening, and weekends.*** Life's journey can be quite challenging and difficult to manage. You may have strong emotions but may not know what to do or say to solve your problem. Therapy can help to sort through these overwhelming issues. I use a strengths-based collaborative approach to assist you in being mindful and authentic in exploring your strengths and abilities for growth, and developing ways to work through life's challenges. I work with all ages, adults, adolescents and children, in individual, couples or family counseling. Adolescents are of special interest to me.
(210) 321-9814 View (210) 321-9814
Photo of Jd Jacobson, LPC-S, CCTP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jd Jacobson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S, CCTP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Antonio, TX 78216
Are you struggling with anxiety, depression, or relationship issues? You want it to get easier, but it never does. Maybe you're feeling numb, on edge, or overwhelmed, your relationships are draining, and the stress of COVID-19 is making everything harder. Whatever your situation is, I’m committed to getting to the root of what's getting in the way so you can start building the life you deserve. I have helped hundreds of clients work through depression, anxiety, trauma, suicidal thoughts, self-harm, and divorce. Through our work together, you'll begin to stop blaming yourself and start creating healthier relationships.
Are you struggling with anxiety, depression, or relationship issues? You want it to get easier, but it never does. Maybe you're feeling numb, on edge, or overwhelmed, your relationships are draining, and the stress of COVID-19 is making everything harder. Whatever your situation is, I’m committed to getting to the root of what's getting in the way so you can start building the life you deserve. I have helped hundreds of clients work through depression, anxiety, trauma, suicidal thoughts, self-harm, and divorce. Through our work together, you'll begin to stop blaming yourself and start creating healthier relationships.
(210) 982-0872 View (210) 982-0872
Photo of Laura Beth Adams, MS, LPC-A
Laura Beth Adams
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, MS, LPC-A
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Antonio, TX 78216
Laura utilizes a variety of tools to best meet the unique needs of her clients to include: art, music, client-centered therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, humanistic and strength-based approaches, and mindfulness and sand tray based techniques. She has experience working with children and adolescents struggling with anxiety, depression, anger management, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, PTSD, stress management, grief and loss, self-esteem, neurodiversity (ADHD and autism), and LBGTQIA+.
Laura utilizes a variety of tools to best meet the unique needs of her clients to include: art, music, client-centered therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, humanistic and strength-based approaches, and mindfulness and sand tray based techniques. She has experience working with children and adolescents struggling with anxiety, depression, anger management, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, PTSD, stress management, grief and loss, self-esteem, neurodiversity (ADHD and autism), and LBGTQIA+.
(726) 232-2282 View (726) 232-2282
Photo of Clayton Sponhaltz - Clayton Sponhaltz, LCDC, NCAC I, SAP, LCDC, NCAC I, SAP, Drug & Alcohol Counselor
Clayton Sponhaltz, LCDC, NCAC I, SAP
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LCDC, NCAC I, SAP
Verified Verified
San Antonio, TX 78216
If you or someone you love are having problems related to alcohol or drug use, there is hope and a way out. It is most useful to meet with someone who truly understands addiction and can provide a true assessment. I will work with you, your family and any other healthcare providers to develop a plan of action based on your needs. Often times the road to recovery starts with meeting someone who listens to understand, meets you with genuine care and concern and can provide useful recommendations. Chemical dependency is a primary illness not a secondary mental health issue; trust a counselor who entered this specialty field.
If you or someone you love are having problems related to alcohol or drug use, there is hope and a way out. It is most useful to meet with someone who truly understands addiction and can provide a true assessment. I will work with you, your family and any other healthcare providers to develop a plan of action based on your needs. Often times the road to recovery starts with meeting someone who listens to understand, meets you with genuine care and concern and can provide useful recommendations. Chemical dependency is a primary illness not a secondary mental health issue; trust a counselor who entered this specialty field.
(210) 791-9887 View (210) 791-9887
Photo of Sherry Rantz, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sherry Rantz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Antonio, TX 78216
You can click on my website link to directly set up an appointment. I enjoy working with people of all ages. I specialize in working with children and adolescents dealing with anger management, anxiety, low self-esteem, aspergers, depression, school and family problems and self-identity issues. I believe in working closely with parents and families. Working together we can make things better for the family. To my work I bring thirty years of experience as a therapist in private practice, a therapist at Jewish Family Service, and a classroom teacher.
You can click on my website link to directly set up an appointment. I enjoy working with people of all ages. I specialize in working with children and adolescents dealing with anger management, anxiety, low self-esteem, aspergers, depression, school and family problems and self-identity issues. I believe in working closely with parents and families. Working together we can make things better for the family. To my work I bring thirty years of experience as a therapist in private practice, a therapist at Jewish Family Service, and a classroom teacher.
(210) 618-0053 View (210) 618-0053
Photo of Meghan Krasnoff, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Meghan Krasnoff
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Antonio, TX 78216  (Online Only)
My approach to therapy is eclectic and tailored to what we decide you need out of therapy. It can be as structured or as free-flowing as you need. I use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, and other modalities. At the end of the day, I believe it's about a safe space for you to explore your experiences and to have support while you create the changes you want to make in your life. I always show up in all my humanness to give you the freedom to do the same and bring warmth, creativity, and humor into our sessions.
My approach to therapy is eclectic and tailored to what we decide you need out of therapy. It can be as structured or as free-flowing as you need. I use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, and other modalities. At the end of the day, I believe it's about a safe space for you to explore your experiences and to have support while you create the changes you want to make in your life. I always show up in all my humanness to give you the freedom to do the same and bring warmth, creativity, and humor into our sessions.
(737) 258-9746 View (737) 258-9746
Photo of Olivia Hinojosa Galvan, MS, LMFT-A, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Olivia Hinojosa Galvan
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MS, LMFT-A
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Antonio, TX 78216  (Online Only)
I am currently accepting new clients! Hi there, my name is Olivia, I am glad you found my page. I have a quick question for you, what are your best hopes for talking to someone like me? Maybe you’ll have more work/life balance, or find peace/connection during a life transition. You might feel more confidence or strength taking on a situation you are going through. By looking through my profile, you are already taking big steps towards that goal and the changes you may be looking to make.
I am currently accepting new clients! Hi there, my name is Olivia, I am glad you found my page. I have a quick question for you, what are your best hopes for talking to someone like me? Maybe you’ll have more work/life balance, or find peace/connection during a life transition. You might feel more confidence or strength taking on a situation you are going through. By looking through my profile, you are already taking big steps towards that goal and the changes you may be looking to make.
(210) 903-9561 View (210) 903-9561
Photo of Laney Bassham, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Laney Bassham
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
San Antonio, TX 78216  (Online Only)
Do you notice an increase in anxiety, fear, irritability, poor concentration, self-doubt, and/or struggle to navigate a loss? Are your ways of coping ineffective or maybe adding to your struggles? Is it hard to make sense of why your thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and body are responding as they do, and even more confusing as to how to make it stop? Have you sought medical and pharmaceutical support but want to address the underlying ‘why’, not just numb out the symptoms? You want connection, a sense of belonging within yourself and with others, meaning, and wellness to thrive not just survive.
Do you notice an increase in anxiety, fear, irritability, poor concentration, self-doubt, and/or struggle to navigate a loss? Are your ways of coping ineffective or maybe adding to your struggles? Is it hard to make sense of why your thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and body are responding as they do, and even more confusing as to how to make it stop? Have you sought medical and pharmaceutical support but want to address the underlying ‘why’, not just numb out the symptoms? You want connection, a sense of belonging within yourself and with others, meaning, and wellness to thrive not just survive.
(512) 729-1901 View (512) 729-1901
Photo of Gregorio Lozano, LPC, Counselor
Gregorio Lozano
Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Antonio, TX 78216
Hi, my name is Gregorio but people call me Greg. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in the state of Texas where I offer online counseling. I work with people who are in relationships that make them feel overwhelmed with painful emotions. I help people understand themselves and their partners so that they can be able to connect to them or with each other. Together we will work towards gaining a different perspective, with new tools to help you connect with your partner. My belief is that all behaviors serve a purpose and all behaviors have an origin. This insight about ourselves and others helps us understand our relationships.
Hi, my name is Gregorio but people call me Greg. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in the state of Texas where I offer online counseling. I work with people who are in relationships that make them feel overwhelmed with painful emotions. I help people understand themselves and their partners so that they can be able to connect to them or with each other. Together we will work towards gaining a different perspective, with new tools to help you connect with your partner. My belief is that all behaviors serve a purpose and all behaviors have an origin. This insight about ourselves and others helps us understand our relationships.
(210) 934-4071 View (210) 934-4071

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 78216

100+

Average cost per session

$122

Therapists in 78216 who prioritize treating:

96% Anxiety
92% Depression
73% Stress
70% Grief
62% Relationship Issues
59% Trauma and PTSD
59% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

89% Aetna
72% Cigna and Evernorth
59% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in 78216 see their clients

54% In Person and Online
46% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
22% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 78216?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.