Photo of Rosie Cantu, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Rosie Cantu
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Antonio, TX 78213
I believe that we are all here on borrowed time and that tomorrow is not promised. I would like to sit with you and have a conversation about your struggles, and needs. Let's talk about your happiness and what steps need to be taken to work towards the BEST version of yourself. In a session with me expect for us to explore your thinking patterns because how you think and what you do impacts your everyday life. Expect exploration of goals, a comfortable, and safe place for sharing.
I believe that we are all here on borrowed time and that tomorrow is not promised. I would like to sit with you and have a conversation about your struggles, and needs. Let's talk about your happiness and what steps need to be taken to work towards the BEST version of yourself. In a session with me expect for us to explore your thinking patterns because how you think and what you do impacts your everyday life. Expect exploration of goals, a comfortable, and safe place for sharing.
(210) 899-6298 View (210) 899-6298
Photo of Kasi Howard, PsyD, Psychologist
Kasi Howard
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Antonio, TX 78213
I believe in working with you to best meet your goals and needs based on where you are. I work with adolescents, age 16 and up and adults. Please check out our website at www.innovarecoverycenter.com to learn more. We are eager to partner with you on your journey to healing! We also offer speciality programs in the following areas: abuse/trauma/PTSD; sexual addiction.
I believe in working with you to best meet your goals and needs based on where you are. I work with adolescents, age 16 and up and adults. Please check out our website at www.innovarecoverycenter.com to learn more. We are eager to partner with you on your journey to healing! We also offer speciality programs in the following areas: abuse/trauma/PTSD; sexual addiction.
(210) 361-4239 View (210) 361-4239
Photo of Julie L Wiernik - Texas Center for Sport Psychology, PsyD, Psychologist
Texas Center for Sport Psychology
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Antonio, TX 78213
Highest qualifications and total preparedness equals confidence and results. I was a varsity three sport high school athlete: volleyball, basketball, and softball and an academic and athletic All-American softball player in college and beyond. I received my doctorate in 2002 (age 28) and have been in the mental health field for over 20 years. I am the only licensed clinical sport psychologist in San Antonio who is certified by the Association of Applied Sport Psychology. My clinical and sport psychology extensive training gives me the credibility to work with total athlete needs, not just sport performance.
Highest qualifications and total preparedness equals confidence and results. I was a varsity three sport high school athlete: volleyball, basketball, and softball and an academic and athletic All-American softball player in college and beyond. I received my doctorate in 2002 (age 28) and have been in the mental health field for over 20 years. I am the only licensed clinical sport psychologist in San Antonio who is certified by the Association of Applied Sport Psychology. My clinical and sport psychology extensive training gives me the credibility to work with total athlete needs, not just sport performance.
(210) 418-2293 View (210) 418-2293
Photo of Susanne Maynard, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Susanne Maynard
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Antonio, TX 78213
Hello, my name is Susanne Maynard. I work well with those experiencing anxiety, depression and grief. My biggest strengths are personal experience, a love of learning, and a willingness to try something new. I am always learning and growing. I believe my best work is done with those who have been wounded in the past, and are now ready to take charge of their personal healing journey. My approach is eclectic and tailored to each client, although the primary method I utilize is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). We will explore together what you believe is keeping you 'stuck' and what you would like to change.
Hello, my name is Susanne Maynard. I work well with those experiencing anxiety, depression and grief. My biggest strengths are personal experience, a love of learning, and a willingness to try something new. I am always learning and growing. I believe my best work is done with those who have been wounded in the past, and are now ready to take charge of their personal healing journey. My approach is eclectic and tailored to each client, although the primary method I utilize is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). We will explore together what you believe is keeping you 'stuck' and what you would like to change.
(469) 617-2010 View (469) 617-2010
Photo of Carolyn Tubbs, PhD, LMFT, LMFT-S, Marriage & Family Therapist
Carolyn Tubbs
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT, LMFT-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Antonio, TX 78213
I have been a family therapist over 20 years; and such, I work from a systemic or relational orientation, which focuses on mental health concerns within the contexts they occur. I work with individuals, couples and families experiencing a variety of mental health and relational concerns, such as depression, important life decisions, spiritual struggles, premarital counseling, marital conflict, communication problems, parenting challenges, family transitions, relationship enhancement, domestic violence, family violence and mid-life transitions.
I have been a family therapist over 20 years; and such, I work from a systemic or relational orientation, which focuses on mental health concerns within the contexts they occur. I work with individuals, couples and families experiencing a variety of mental health and relational concerns, such as depression, important life decisions, spiritual struggles, premarital counseling, marital conflict, communication problems, parenting challenges, family transitions, relationship enhancement, domestic violence, family violence and mid-life transitions.
(210) 981-3983 View (210) 981-3983
Photo of Brenda Nash, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Brenda Nash
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
San Antonio, TX 78213  (Online Only)
Hello! Thank you for reading my profile. I am Brenda Nash, Licensed Clinical Social Worker, CCM, with a decade of experience. I enjoy working with clients motivated to change their circumstances, whether depression, poor confidence, anxiety, or relationship issues. I specialize in Self Esteem, Anxiety, Depression, Women's Issues, and Relationship Issues. However, cognitive behavior therapy is my preferred approach. I tend to utilize Client-Centered Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral (CBT), Humanistic, Strength-Based, and Integrative or Integral Psychotherapy. I believe that a therapeutic environment is conducive to positive change.
Hello! Thank you for reading my profile. I am Brenda Nash, Licensed Clinical Social Worker, CCM, with a decade of experience. I enjoy working with clients motivated to change their circumstances, whether depression, poor confidence, anxiety, or relationship issues. I specialize in Self Esteem, Anxiety, Depression, Women's Issues, and Relationship Issues. However, cognitive behavior therapy is my preferred approach. I tend to utilize Client-Centered Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral (CBT), Humanistic, Strength-Based, and Integrative or Integral Psychotherapy. I believe that a therapeutic environment is conducive to positive change.
(346) 522-4990 View (346) 522-4990
Photo of Secrets Hurt Relationships... Start Healing With Cheryl Camarillo, LCSW, CST, AASECT, CSAT, BCIA, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Secrets Hurt Relationships... Start Healing With Cheryl Camarillo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CST, AASECT, CSAT, BCIA
Verified Verified
San Antonio, TX 78213
Are you afraid your relationship is over? Struggling with secrets and relationship issues? What you need is a plan to.... change and heal. Are you seeking a non-judgement zone? Learn to stop the shame, blame, guilt and anger. End confusion over what to do and start working on a plan. Have a clear understanding of the problem and plan the best options for moving forward. Certified Sex Therapist and Certified Sex Addiction Therapist: Trained professional in sex therapy, infidelity, sex and porn addiction.
Are you afraid your relationship is over? Struggling with secrets and relationship issues? What you need is a plan to.... change and heal. Are you seeking a non-judgement zone? Learn to stop the shame, blame, guilt and anger. End confusion over what to do and start working on a plan. Have a clear understanding of the problem and plan the best options for moving forward. Certified Sex Therapist and Certified Sex Addiction Therapist: Trained professional in sex therapy, infidelity, sex and porn addiction.
(210) 625-7873 View (210) 625-7873
Photo of Valerie Moczygemba, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Valerie Moczygemba
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Antonio, TX 78213
Are you ready? Not sure what steps to take, but you know you are feeling stuck or sick and tired of feeling sick and tired. Regardless of where you are on life's journey sharing your story with someone else helps gain perspective and clarity. The journey of life is not meant to travel alone. It is my great privilege to walk alongside you to discover your breakthrough!
Are you ready? Not sure what steps to take, but you know you are feeling stuck or sick and tired of feeling sick and tired. Regardless of where you are on life's journey sharing your story with someone else helps gain perspective and clarity. The journey of life is not meant to travel alone. It is my great privilege to walk alongside you to discover your breakthrough!
(210) 361-5057 View (210) 361-5057
Photo of Carmen Rivera, LCDC-I, Pre-Licensed Professional
Carmen Rivera
Pre-Licensed Professional, LCDC-I
Verified Verified
San Antonio, TX 78213  (Online Only)
For some of us life can bring pretty significant challenges that have you stuck in unproductive patterns, in relations, work, school or just in our daily lives. In a safe and caring environment I can help you identify, clarify and develop effective coping strategies that can help you in your personal growth and self-empowerment.
For some of us life can bring pretty significant challenges that have you stuck in unproductive patterns, in relations, work, school or just in our daily lives. In a safe and caring environment I can help you identify, clarify and develop effective coping strategies that can help you in your personal growth and self-empowerment.
(726) 201-0563 View (726) 201-0563
Photo of Brittany Dawn Kingsbury, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Brittany Dawn Kingsbury
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Castle Hills, TX 78213  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
As a therapist, my ideal client is committed to personal growth. They may grapple with anxiety, depression, relationship challenges, or past traumas. They need a supportive, environment where they can be vulnerable enough to explore their thoughts and emotions. Their goals could include achieving emotional balance, enhancing self-awareness, and building meaningful connections. They seek therapy to gain clarity, resilience, and a greater sense of well-being.
As a therapist, my ideal client is committed to personal growth. They may grapple with anxiety, depression, relationship challenges, or past traumas. They need a supportive, environment where they can be vulnerable enough to explore their thoughts and emotions. Their goals could include achieving emotional balance, enhancing self-awareness, and building meaningful connections. They seek therapy to gain clarity, resilience, and a greater sense of well-being.
(726) 201-0667 View (726) 201-0667
Photo of Stephanie Triana, PhD, Psychologist
Stephanie Triana
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Antonio, TX 78213
Healing begins with you, but you don't have to do it alone. I'm here for you during this journey. I have 17 years experience in the mental health field and 15 years experience in treatment. I am EMDR trained, and love helping clients heal from trauma, depression, and anxiety. Trauma is a lot more common than you realize, and includes any experience that has affected your self worth and/or wellbeing. If you feel different or like you don't belong, come see me. I'm real, compassionate, empathic, and transparent.
Healing begins with you, but you don't have to do it alone. I'm here for you during this journey. I have 17 years experience in the mental health field and 15 years experience in treatment. I am EMDR trained, and love helping clients heal from trauma, depression, and anxiety. Trauma is a lot more common than you realize, and includes any experience that has affected your self worth and/or wellbeing. If you feel different or like you don't belong, come see me. I'm real, compassionate, empathic, and transparent.
(210) 880-1810 View (210) 880-1810
Photo of Michael A Saahene, MA, LPC-S, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Michael A Saahene
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC-S, NCC
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
San Antonio, TX 78213
Counseling is a tool one uses to identify personal shortcomings as well as gaining insight into one's own self-exploration. My approach to counseling begins with establishing a working collaboration with the client. As a therapist, I believe it is my responsibility to demonstrate to each client that they are in a safe, trusting, environment, and to help them understand why they are having difficulties. Call Today!
Counseling is a tool one uses to identify personal shortcomings as well as gaining insight into one's own self-exploration. My approach to counseling begins with establishing a working collaboration with the client. As a therapist, I believe it is my responsibility to demonstrate to each client that they are in a safe, trusting, environment, and to help them understand why they are having difficulties. Call Today!
(210) 960-9324 View (210) 960-9324
Photo of John Amundson, MA, NCC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
John Amundson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
San Antonio, TX 78213
It's hard to get up in the mornings. Life is heavy right now because work is stressful, you're struggling in your relationships, it's hard to get a good night's sleep, and/or you never seem to have time to focus on yourself. You may also be struggling with grief from the loss of a loved one, low self-esteem, or feeling disconnected from the world.
It's hard to get up in the mornings. Life is heavy right now because work is stressful, you're struggling in your relationships, it's hard to get a good night's sleep, and/or you never seem to have time to focus on yourself. You may also be struggling with grief from the loss of a loved one, low self-esteem, or feeling disconnected from the world.
(512) 855-6730 View (512) 855-6730
Photo of Dr. Victor Rico - Insight Behavioral and Mental Health PLLC , PhD , Psychologist
Insight Behavioral and Mental Health PLLC
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Antonio, TX 78213  (Online Only)
I am a clinical psychologist who has a wide range of experience working in a variety of professional settings and with diverse populations. I particularly enjoy working with teens, young adults and adults who are facing challenges and setbacks that are impeding their functioning and preventing them from their full potential. I also work with a variety of couples who are considering the next step (i.e., moving in together, open relationship, marriage) or having issues in their relationship and want to improve their relationship or considering breaking up/separation/divorce.
I am a clinical psychologist who has a wide range of experience working in a variety of professional settings and with diverse populations. I particularly enjoy working with teens, young adults and adults who are facing challenges and setbacks that are impeding their functioning and preventing them from their full potential. I also work with a variety of couples who are considering the next step (i.e., moving in together, open relationship, marriage) or having issues in their relationship and want to improve their relationship or considering breaking up/separation/divorce.
(210) 796-8456 View (210) 796-8456
Photo of Cheryl Camarillo - You Can Heal After Betrayal, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
You Can Heal After Betrayal
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Antonio, TX 78213
“Why didn’t I know about my husband’s cheating and intimacy issues?” “Is this relationship ending or can it be repaired?” When betrayal trauma happens, it’s important that you find somebody trained or experienced in supporting you through this. I have a group for women who are in a state of shock and need to find the way forward. I also offer intensive coaching to start healing from the anger, sadness, confusion, numbness....you need help for these feelings. Day 1 of finding out about infidelity, porn addiction, or sex addiction is commonly called "D" day - or discovery day. My personal and professional experience can help.
“Why didn’t I know about my husband’s cheating and intimacy issues?” “Is this relationship ending or can it be repaired?” When betrayal trauma happens, it’s important that you find somebody trained or experienced in supporting you through this. I have a group for women who are in a state of shock and need to find the way forward. I also offer intensive coaching to start healing from the anger, sadness, confusion, numbness....you need help for these feelings. Day 1 of finding out about infidelity, porn addiction, or sex addiction is commonly called "D" day - or discovery day. My personal and professional experience can help.
(210) 940-0431 View (210) 940-0431
Photo of Jennifer Cleveland, PhD, Psychologist
Jennifer Cleveland
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Antonio, TX 78213
Are you struggling? I can help. I am a licensed psychologist with over 20 years of experience helping individuals with a variety of issues ranging from depression and anxiety to executive functioning and parenting issues. Often, my clients tell me that they struggle for too long before seeking help because they hope things will improve or they are ashamed of their issues. I am non-judgmental and can offer you the professional help you've been looking for. I hope you reach out today and start your journey of change, hope, and improved mental health.
Are you struggling? I can help. I am a licensed psychologist with over 20 years of experience helping individuals with a variety of issues ranging from depression and anxiety to executive functioning and parenting issues. Often, my clients tell me that they struggle for too long before seeking help because they hope things will improve or they are ashamed of their issues. I am non-judgmental and can offer you the professional help you've been looking for. I hope you reach out today and start your journey of change, hope, and improved mental health.
(210) 934-3683 View (210) 934-3683
Photo of Saraphina Njoroge, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Saraphina Njoroge
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
San Antonio, TX 78213
As a trauma therapist, I am deeply committed to supporting individuals on their journey toward healing and recovery. With a compassionate and empathetic approach, I provide a safe and nurturing space for clients to explore their experiences, process their emotions, and cultivate hope, resilience, and transformation.
As a trauma therapist, I am deeply committed to supporting individuals on their journey toward healing and recovery. With a compassionate and empathetic approach, I provide a safe and nurturing space for clients to explore their experiences, process their emotions, and cultivate hope, resilience, and transformation.
(726) 224-7813 View (726) 224-7813
Photo of Donna Speeks Armstrong - Wellspring Wellness Manifest Center, MA, MHFA, LCDCI, RSS, BCLC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Wellspring Wellness Manifest Center
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, MHFA, LCDCI, RSS, BCLC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Antonio, TX 78213
Are you feeling stuck in life? Are you feeling overwhelmed with the demands of your life, career, or relationships? Do you have mental health concerns due to substance use and other habitual addictions? We help you discover, explore, and overcome what is getting in your way. We provide a safe space where you can began to expand, explore, find hope, discover solutions, and experience healing. We provide Life Coaching and Recovery Support Services for your Life Hurts, Habit and Hangups to individuals, families, and couples.
Are you feeling stuck in life? Are you feeling overwhelmed with the demands of your life, career, or relationships? Do you have mental health concerns due to substance use and other habitual addictions? We help you discover, explore, and overcome what is getting in your way. We provide a safe space where you can began to expand, explore, find hope, discover solutions, and experience healing. We provide Life Coaching and Recovery Support Services for your Life Hurts, Habit and Hangups to individuals, families, and couples.
(210) 625-7689 View (210) 625-7689
Photo of Deborah M Daily, MEd, LPC, EMDR, Licensed Professional Counselor
Deborah M Daily
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, EMDR
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
San Antonio, TX 78213
In order to build a mutually cooperative relationship, I develop a safe environment that is supportive, trustworthy, and accepting. I will help you envision a future where today's problems seem manageable, using your personal strengths and experiences to bring about reasonable and realistic outcomes. I believe that individuals have the potential to create solutions suited for them. I will assist you in seeing what may not be working for you, what practices to do more of, as well as celebrate your successes. I will also encourage you to experiment with new approaches to problems and entertain new possibilities for your life.
In order to build a mutually cooperative relationship, I develop a safe environment that is supportive, trustworthy, and accepting. I will help you envision a future where today's problems seem manageable, using your personal strengths and experiences to bring about reasonable and realistic outcomes. I believe that individuals have the potential to create solutions suited for them. I will assist you in seeing what may not be working for you, what practices to do more of, as well as celebrate your successes. I will also encourage you to experiment with new approaches to problems and entertain new possibilities for your life.
(210) 741-8521 View (210) 741-8521
Photo of Marti Stany, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Marti Stany
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Antonio, TX 78213  (Online Only)
If you're reading this, you're likely feeling overwhelmed, shame, or alone due to trauma or problems in your sex life or relationship. Perhaps you feel confused about your sexual identity or aren’t accepted and celebrated for who you are. Maybe you are stuck in a negative loop of excessive porn use or a compulsive desire for sex that is ruining your relationships and your life. Together, we'll navigate the parts of your life you've buried deep out of shame and pain. I know it can be terrifying to plunge into these depths alone. I'll be by your side every step of the way, offering a loving and non-judgmental space.
If you're reading this, you're likely feeling overwhelmed, shame, or alone due to trauma or problems in your sex life or relationship. Perhaps you feel confused about your sexual identity or aren’t accepted and celebrated for who you are. Maybe you are stuck in a negative loop of excessive porn use or a compulsive desire for sex that is ruining your relationships and your life. Together, we'll navigate the parts of your life you've buried deep out of shame and pain. I know it can be terrifying to plunge into these depths alone. I'll be by your side every step of the way, offering a loving and non-judgmental space.
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 78213

80+

Average cost per session

$140

Therapists in 78213 who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
76% Relationship Issues
76% Coping Skills
68% Trauma and PTSD
68% Self Esteem
60% Grief

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

87% Aetna
78% BlueCross and BlueShield
73% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in 78213 see their clients

69% In Person and Online
31% Online Only

Gender breakdown

83% Female
17% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 78213?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.